موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب الزكاةBook: On the Explanation of Zakat
بَابُ صَدَقَةِ الْخُلَطَاءِ
Chapter on Charity of Mixed Livestock
Hadith 674Q1
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي الْخَلِيطَيْنِ إِذَا كَانَ الرَّاعِي وَاحِدًا ، وَالْفَحْلُ وَاحِدًا ، وَالْمُرَاحُ وَاحِدًا ، وَالدَّلْوُ وَاحِدًا : فَالرَّجُلَانِ خَلِيطَانِ. وَإِنْ عَرَفَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَالَهُ مِنْ مَالِ صَاحِبِهِ. قَالَ : وَالَّذِي لَا يَعْرِفُ مَالَهُ مِنْ مَالِ صَاحِبِهِ لَيْسَ بِخَلِيطٍ. إِنَّمَا هُوَ شَرِيكٌ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَلَا تَجِبُ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَى الْخَلِيطَيْنِ حَتَّى يَكُونَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If two men are partners in animals in such a way that there is one shepherd, one male animal, one place for the animals to stay, and one bucket for watering, then those two men will be called "khalitan" (mixed partners), if each of them recognizes his own property. And whoever cannot distinguish his property from the property of the other, they will be called "sharikan" (partners).
Hadith 674Q2
وَتَفْسِيرُ ذَلِكَ ، أَنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ لِأَحَدِ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً فَصَاعِدًا ، وَلِلْآخَرِ أَقَلُّ مِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً، كَانَتِ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَى الَّذِي لَهُ الْأَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً. وَلَمْ تَكُنْ عَلَى الَّذِي لَهُ أَقَلُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ، صَدَقَةٌ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Zakat is not obligatory on partners until each one’s wealth reaches the amount of nisab. Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The explanation of this issue is that, for example, if one partner has forty goats or more and the other partner has less than forty, then zakat is obligatory on the one who has forty or more, and zakat is not obligatory on the one who has less than forty.
Hadith 674Q3
فَإِنْ كَانَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ جُمِعَا فِي الصَّدَقَةِ. وَوَجَبَتِ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَيْهِمَا جَمِيعًا. فَإِنْ كَانَ لِأَحَدِهِمَا أَلْفُ شَاةٍ ، أَوْ أَقَلُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، مِمَّا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ. وَلِلْآخَرِ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً أَوْ أَكْثَرُ ، فَهُمَا خَلِيطَانِ يَتَرَادَّانِ الْفَضْلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بِالسَّوِيَّةِ. عَلَى قَدْرِ عَدَدِ أَمْوَالِهِمَا ، عَلَى الْأَلْفِ بِحِصَّتِهَا ، وَعَلَى الْأَرْبَعِينَ بِحِصَّتِهَا.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If each partner's goats reach the nisab, then zakat will be taken from both collectively. And if one partner has a thousand goats or less, and the other has forty goats or more, then both are considered partners; any excess will be adjusted between them according to their respective shares. The share of zakat will be according to the thousand goats, and the share will be according to the forty goats.
Hadith 674Q4
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : الْخَلِيطَانِ فِي الْإِبِلِ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ فِي الْغَنَمِ. يَجْتَمِعَانِ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ جَمِيعًا ، إِذَا كَانَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ. وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : ” لَيْسَ فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسِ ذَوْدٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ صَدَقَةٌ.“ وقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ : فِي سَائِمَةِ الْغَنَمِ إِذَا بَلَغَتْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً ، شَاةٌ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَهَذَا أَحَبُّ مَا سَمِعْتُ إِلَيَّ فِي ذَلِكَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The ruling of mixed camels is like the ruling of mixed goats; zakat will be taken collectively from both. When each has camels equal to the nisab, because the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "There is no zakat in less than five camels." And Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said that when the grazing goats reach forty, then one goat (is due as zakat).
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
Hadith 674Q5
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ ، وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ خَشْيَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ. أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يَعْنِي بِذَلِكَ أَصْحَابَ الْمَوَاشِي
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: And Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said that separate properties should not be combined, nor should combined properties be separated, out of fear of zakat. This ruling is for the owners of livestock.
Hadith 674Q6
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَتَفْسِيرُ قَوْلِهِ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ : أَنْ يَكُونَ النَّفَرُ الثَّلَاثَةُ الَّذِينَ يَكُونُ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً ، قَدْ وَجَبَتْ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ فِي غَنَمِهِ الصَّدَقَةُ ، فَإِذَا أَظَلَّهُمُ الْمُصَدِّقُ جَمَعُوهَا ، لِئَلَّا يَكُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهَا إِلَّا شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ. فَنُهُوا عَنْ ذَلِكَ ¤ وَتَفْسِيرُ قَوْلِهِ : وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ أَنَّ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ يَكُونُ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِائَةُ شَاةٍ وَشَاةٌ ، فَيَكُونُ عَلَيْهِمَا فِيهَا ثَلَاثُ شِيَاةٍ. فَإِذَا أَظَلَّهُمَا الْمُصَدِّقُ ، فَرَّقَا غَنَمَهُمَا ، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا إِلَّا شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ. فَنُهِيَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ. فَقِيلَ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ ، وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ. خَشْيَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ. ¤ قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فَهَذَا الَّذِي سَمِعْتُ فِي ذَلِكَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The explanation of this statement is that, for example, three men each had forty sheep, so one sheep was obligatory on each of them. When the zakat collector came, those three combined their sheep so that only one sheep would have to be given; this act is prohibited. And, for example, if each of the partners has one hundred and one sheep, then together they have two hundred and two sheep, and three sheep become obligatory from them. When the zakat collector came, both of them separated their sheep so that only one sheep would be obligatory on each; this act is also prohibited. Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: And this is what I have heard regarding this matter.
