موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب الزكاةBook: On the Explanation of Zakat
بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي صَدَقَةِ الْبَقَرِ
Chapter on What is Reported Regarding Charity of Cattle
Hadith 673
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : أَحْسَنُ مَا سَمِعْتُ فِيمَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ غَنَمٌ عَلَى رَاعِيَيْنِ مُفْتَرِقَيْنِ ، أَوْ عَلَى رِعَاءٍ مُفْتَرِقِينَ فِي بُلْدَانٍ شَتَّى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ يُجْمَعُ كُلُّهُ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ ، فَيُؤَدِّي مِنْهُ صَدَقَتَهُ ، وَمِثْلُ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ لَهُ الذَّهَبُ أَوِ الْوَرِقُ مُتَفَرِّقَةً فِي أَيْدِي نَاسٍ شَتَّى ، إِنَّهُ يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَجْمَعَهَا فَيُخْرِجَ مِنْهَا مَا وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ زَكَاتِهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person’s goats are with two or more shepherds in different cities, he should combine all of them and give zakat collectively. Similarly, if a person’s gold and silver are with different people, he should combine all of them and give zakat collectively.
وَقَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك فِي الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ الضَّأْنُ وَالْمَعْزُ : أَنَّهَا تُجْمَعُ عَلَيْهِ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ فَإِنْ كَانَ فِيهَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ صُدِّقَتْ ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا هِيَ غَنَمٌ كُلُّهَا وَفِي كِتَابِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ وَفِي سَائِمَةِ الْغَنَمِ إِذَا بَلَغَتْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً شَاةٌ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person has both sheep and goats, then all will be counted together; if it reaches the required nisab, zakat will be obligatory, because sheep are included in the count of goats. And it is mentioned in the book of Sayyiduna Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him: For grazing goats, one goat is due for every forty.
قَالَ مَالِك : فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الضَّأْنُ هِيَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْمَعْزِ وَلَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَى رَبِّهَا إِلَّا شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ ، أَخَذَ الْمُصَدِّقُ تِلْكَ الشَّاةَ الَّتِي وَجَبَتْ عَلَى رَبِّ الْمَالِ مِنَ الضَّأْنِ ، وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْمَعْزُ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الضَّأْنِ أُخِذَ مِنْهَا ، فَإِنِ اسْتَوَى الضَّأْنُ وَالْمَعْزُ أَخَذَ الشَّاةَ مِنْ أَيَّتِهِمَا شَاءَ
So if the sheep are more and the goats are fewer, and one head of zakat is obligatory on the owner, then a sheep should be taken. And if the goats are more and the sheep are fewer, then a goat should be taken. If the sheep and goats are equal, then the zakat collector has the choice to take whichever one head he wishes from them.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : وَكَذَلِكَ الْإِبِلُ الْعِرَابُ وَالْبُخْتُ يُجْمَعَانِ عَلَى رَبِّهِمَا فِي الصَّدَقَةِ ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا هِيَ إِبِلٌ كُلُّهَا فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْعِرَابُ هِيَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْبُخْتِ ، وَلَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَى رَبِّهَا إِلَّا بَعِيرٌ وَاحِدٌ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنَ الْعِرَابِ صَدَقَتَهَا ، فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْبُخْتُ أَكْثَرَ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْهَا فَإِنِ اسْتَوَتْ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْ أَيَّتِهِمَا شَاءَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Similarly, zakat will be taken by combining both the Arabian and Bactrian camels, because both types of camels are included in the category of camels. If there are more Arabian camels and a muhaar (a young she-camel) is obligatory on the owner, then an Arabian camel will be taken. If there are more Bactrian camels, then a Bactrian camel will be taken. If both are equal in number, then there is a choice to take from whichever type is preferred.
قَالَ مَالِك : وَكَذَلِكَ الْبَقَرُ وَالْجَوَامِيسُ تُجْمَعُ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ عَلَى رَبِّهَا ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا هِيَ بَقَرٌ كُلُّهَا فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْبَقَرُ هِيَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْجَوَامِيسِ وَلَا تَجِبُ عَلَى رَبِّهَا إِلَّا بَقَرَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنَ الْبَقَرِ صَدَقَتَهُمَا ، وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْجَوَامِيسُ أَكْثَرَ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْهَا فَإِنِ اسْتَوَتْ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْ أَيَّتِهِمَا شَاءَ ، فَإِذَا وَجَبَتْ فِي ذَلِكَ الصَّدَقَةُ صُدِّقَ الصِّنْفَانِ جَمِيعًا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In the same way, cows and buffaloes are both of the same kind; their zakat should be taken together. However, if there are more cows and fewer buffaloes, and one head is obligatory on the owner, then a cow should be taken. If there are more buffaloes, then a buffalo should be taken. If both are equal, then there is a choice to take from whichever one wishes. And if both cows and buffaloes are each in the amount of nisab, then zakat should be taken from both.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : مَنْ أَفَادَ مَاشِيَةً مِنْ إِبِلٍ أَوْ بَقَرٍ أَوْ غَنَمٍ فَلَا صَدَقَةَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهَا حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَوْلُ مِنْ يَوْمَ أَفَادَهَا ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ قَبْلَهَا نِصَابُ مَاشِيَةٍ ، وَالنِّصَابُ مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ إِمَّا خَمْسُ ذَوْدٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ ، وَإِمَّا ثَلَاثُونَ بَقَرَةً ، وَإِمَّا أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً ، فَإِذَا كَانَ لِلرَّجُلِ خَمْسُ ذَوْدٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ أَوْ ثَلَاثُونَ بَقَرَةً أَوْ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً ، ثُمَّ أَفَادَ إِلَيْهَا إِبِلًا أَوْ بَقَرًا أَوْ غَنَمًا بِاشْتِرَاءٍ أَوْ هِبَةٍ أَوْ مِيرَاثٍ ، فَإِنَّهُ يُصَدِّقُهَا مَعَ مَاشِيَتِهِ حِينَ يُصَدِّقُهَا ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَحُلْ عَلَى الْفَائِدَةِ الْحَوْلُ وَإِنْ كَانَ مَا أَفَادَ مِنَ الْمَاشِيَةِ إِلَى مَاشِيَتِهِ ، قَدْ صُدِّقَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَهَا بِيَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ أَوْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَرِثَهَا بِيَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ ، فَإِنَّهُ يُصَدِّقُهَا مَعَ مَاشِيَتِهِ حِينَ يُصَدِّقُ مَاشِيَتَهُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Whoever acquires animals—camels, cows, or goats—there is no zakat on them until a year has passed from the day he acquired those animals. However, if he already possesses animals equal to the nisab, such as five camels, thirty cows, or forty goats, and then acquires more camels or goats, whether by purchase, gift, or inheritance, he should give zakat for them along with his previous animals, even if a year has not passed over these latter animals. But if he acquires these animals after having already given zakat for the previous ones, then he does not give zakat for them now; rather, in the coming year, when he gives zakat for the earlier animals, he will also give zakat for these along with them.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : وَإِنَّمَا مَثَلُ ذَلِكَ مَثَلُ الْوَرِقِ يُزَكِّيهَا الرَّجُلُ ثُمَّ يَشْتَرِي بِهَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ آخَرَ عَرْضًا ، وَقَدْ وَجَبَتْ عَلَيْهِ فِي عَرْضِهِ ذَلِكَ إِذَا بَاعَهُ الصَّدَقَةُ فَيُخْرِجُ الرَّجُلُ الْآخَرُ صَدَقَتَهَا هَذَا الْيَوْمَ ، وَيَكُونُ الْآخَرُ قَدْ صَدَّقَهَا مِنَ الْغَدِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Its example is like that of silver; a person gave its zakat and bought some goods in exchange for it. Now, was zakat also obligatory on the one who sold the goods? He then gave zakat on that silver, so the buyer gave zakat today and the seller gave zakat tomorrow.
قَالَ مَالِك : فِي رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ لَهُ غَنَمٌ لَا تَجِبُ فِيهَا الصَّدَقَةُ ، فَاشْتَرَى إِلَيْهَا غَنَمًا كَثِيرَةً تَجِبُ فِي دُونِهَا الصَّدَقَةُ أَوْ وَرِثَهَا ، أَنَّهُ لَا تَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْغَنَمِ كُلِّهَا الصَّدَقَةُ حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَوْلُ مِنْ يَوْمَ أَفَادَهَا بِاشْتِرَاءٍ أَوْ مِيرَاثٍ ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ كُلَّ مَا كَانَ عِنْدَ الرَّجُلِ مِنْ مَاشِيَةٍ لَا تَجِبُ فِيهَا الصَّدَقَةُ مِنْ إِبِلٍ أَوْ بَقَرٍ أَوْ غَنَمٍ ، فَلَيْسَ يُعَدُّ ذَلِكَ نِصَابَ مَالٍ حَتَّى يَكُونَ فِي كُلِّ صِنْفٍ مِنْهَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ ، فَذَلِكَ النِّصَابُ الَّذِي يُصَدِّقُ مَعَهُ مَا أَفَادَ إِلَيْهِ صَاحِبُهُ مِنْ قَلِيلٍ أَوْ كَثِيرٍ مِنَ الْمَاشِيَةِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person has less than the nisab of goats, then he buys more goats or inherits some, so that they become more than the nisab, then zakat will not be obligatory upon him until a year has passed from the date of purchase or inheritance. The reason for this is that when a person has such a number of animals—camels, cows, or goats—in which there is no zakat, then this will not be counted as nisab until the number of each type of animal reaches the nisab. If the amount reaches the nisab, then whatever animals of that type are added to it, zakat will have to be given on them along with that nisab, whether these animals are few or many.
قَالَ مَالِك : وَلَوْ كَانَتْ لِرَجُلٍ إِبِلٌ أَوْ بَقَرٌ أَوْ غَنَمٌ تَجِبُ فِي كُلِّ صِنْفٍ مِنْهَا الصَّدَقَةُ ، ثُمَّ أَفَادَ إِلَيْهَا بَعِيرًا أَوْ بَقَرَةً أَوْ شَاةً صَدَّقَهَا مَعَ مَاشِيَتِهِ حِينَ يُصَدِّقُهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person possesses camels, cows, or goats according to the prescribed nisab, and then acquires new income, he must pay zakat on the new income together with the nisab that he already possesses.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : وَهَذَا أَحَبُّ مَا سَمِعْتُ إِلَيَّ فِي هَذَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
قَالَ مَالِك فِي الْفَرِيضَةِ تَجِبُ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ فَلَا تُوجَدُ عِنْدَهُ : أَنَّهَا إِنْ كَانَتِ ابْنَةَ مَخَاضٍ فَلَمْ تُوجَدْ ، أُخِذَ مَكَانَهَا ابْنُ لَبُونٍ ذَكَرٌ ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ بِنْتَ لَبُونٍ أَوْ حِقَّةً أَوْ جَذَعَةً وَلَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ ، كَانَ عَلَى رَبِّ الْإِبِلِ أَنْ يَبْتَاعَهَا لَهُ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَهُ بِهَا ، وَلَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُ قِيمَتَهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If the type of animal that is obligatory upon someone for Zakat is not available from his possession, for example, if a one-year-old she-camel is obligatory and it is not available, then a two-year-old camel should be taken. And if a two-year-old, three-year-old, or four-year-old she-camel is obligatory and it is not available, then he should buy and give it. And in my view, giving the price is not preferable.
وَقَالَ مَالِك فِي الْإِبِلِ النَّوَاضِحِ وَالْبَقَرِ السَّوَانِي وَبَقَرِ الْحَرْثِ : إِنِّي أَرَى أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ إِذَا وَجَبَتْ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Camels that draw water, or oxen that pull the yoke or plough the field—if they reach the amount of nisab, then zakat is obligatory on them.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي الْخَلِيطَيْنِ إِذَا كَانَ الرَّاعِي وَاحِدًا ، وَالْفَحْلُ وَاحِدًا ، وَالْمُرَاحُ وَاحِدًا ، وَالدَّلْوُ وَاحِدًا : فَالرَّجُلَانِ خَلِيطَانِ. وَإِنْ عَرَفَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَالَهُ مِنْ مَالِ صَاحِبِهِ. قَالَ : وَالَّذِي لَا يَعْرِفُ مَالَهُ مِنْ مَالِ صَاحِبِهِ لَيْسَ بِخَلِيطٍ. إِنَّمَا هُوَ شَرِيكٌ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَلَا تَجِبُ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَى الْخَلِيطَيْنِ حَتَّى يَكُونَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If two men are partners in animals in such a way that there is one shepherd, one male animal, one place for the animals to stay, and one bucket for watering, then those two men will be called "khalitan" (mixed partners), if each of them recognizes his own property. And whoever cannot distinguish his property from the property of the other, they will be called "sharikan" (partners).
وَتَفْسِيرُ ذَلِكَ ، أَنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ لِأَحَدِ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً فَصَاعِدًا ، وَلِلْآخَرِ أَقَلُّ مِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً، كَانَتِ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَى الَّذِي لَهُ الْأَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً. وَلَمْ تَكُنْ عَلَى الَّذِي لَهُ أَقَلُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ، صَدَقَةٌ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Zakat is not obligatory on partners until each one’s wealth reaches the amount of nisab. Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The explanation of this issue is that, for example, if one partner has forty goats or more and the other partner has less than forty, then zakat is obligatory on the one who has forty or more, and zakat is not obligatory on the one who has less than forty.
فَإِنْ كَانَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ جُمِعَا فِي الصَّدَقَةِ. وَوَجَبَتِ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَيْهِمَا جَمِيعًا. فَإِنْ كَانَ لِأَحَدِهِمَا أَلْفُ شَاةٍ ، أَوْ أَقَلُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، مِمَّا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ. وَلِلْآخَرِ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً أَوْ أَكْثَرُ ، فَهُمَا خَلِيطَانِ يَتَرَادَّانِ الْفَضْلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بِالسَّوِيَّةِ. عَلَى قَدْرِ عَدَدِ أَمْوَالِهِمَا ، عَلَى الْأَلْفِ بِحِصَّتِهَا ، وَعَلَى الْأَرْبَعِينَ بِحِصَّتِهَا.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If each partner's goats reach the nisab, then zakat will be taken from both collectively. And if one partner has a thousand goats or less, and the other has forty goats or more, then both are considered partners; any excess will be adjusted between them according to their respective shares. The share of zakat will be according to the thousand goats, and the share will be according to the forty goats.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : الْخَلِيطَانِ فِي الْإِبِلِ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ فِي الْغَنَمِ. يَجْتَمِعَانِ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ جَمِيعًا ، إِذَا كَانَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ. وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : ” لَيْسَ فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسِ ذَوْدٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ صَدَقَةٌ.“ وقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ : فِي سَائِمَةِ الْغَنَمِ إِذَا بَلَغَتْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً ، شَاةٌ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَهَذَا أَحَبُّ مَا سَمِعْتُ إِلَيَّ فِي ذَلِكَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The ruling of mixed camels is like the ruling of mixed goats; zakat will be taken collectively from both. When each has camels equal to the nisab, because the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "There is no zakat in less than five camels." And Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said that when the grazing goats reach forty, then one goat (is due as zakat).
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ ، وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ خَشْيَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ. أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يَعْنِي بِذَلِكَ أَصْحَابَ الْمَوَاشِي
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: And Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said that separate properties should not be combined, nor should combined properties be separated, out of fear of zakat. This ruling is for the owners of livestock.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَتَفْسِيرُ قَوْلِهِ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ : أَنْ يَكُونَ النَّفَرُ الثَّلَاثَةُ الَّذِينَ يَكُونُ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً ، قَدْ وَجَبَتْ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ فِي غَنَمِهِ الصَّدَقَةُ ، فَإِذَا أَظَلَّهُمُ الْمُصَدِّقُ جَمَعُوهَا ، لِئَلَّا يَكُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهَا إِلَّا شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ. فَنُهُوا عَنْ ذَلِكَ ¤ وَتَفْسِيرُ قَوْلِهِ : وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ أَنَّ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ يَكُونُ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِائَةُ شَاةٍ وَشَاةٌ ، فَيَكُونُ عَلَيْهِمَا فِيهَا ثَلَاثُ شِيَاةٍ. فَإِذَا أَظَلَّهُمَا الْمُصَدِّقُ ، فَرَّقَا غَنَمَهُمَا ، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا إِلَّا شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ. فَنُهِيَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ. فَقِيلَ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ ، وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ. خَشْيَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ. ¤ قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فَهَذَا الَّذِي سَمِعْتُ فِي ذَلِكَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The explanation of this statement is that, for example, three men each had forty sheep, so one sheep was obligatory on each of them. When the zakat collector came, those three combined their sheep so that only one sheep would have to be given; this act is prohibited. And, for example, if each of the partners has one hundred and one sheep, then together they have two hundred and two sheep, and three sheep become obligatory from them. When the zakat collector came, both of them separated their sheep so that only one sheep would be obligatory on each; this act is also prohibited. Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: And this is what I have heard regarding this matter.
حَدَّثَنِي حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى ، عَنْ مَالِك ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ الْمَكِّيِّ ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ الْيَمَانِيِّ ، أَنَّ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ أَخَذَ مِنْ ثَلَاثِينَ بَقَرَةً تَبِيعًا وَمِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ بَقَرَةً مُسِنَّةً ، وَأُتِيَ بِمَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ فَأَبَى أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا ، وَقَالَ : " لَمْ أَسْمَعْ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِيهِ شَيْئًا حَتَّى أَلْقَاهُ فَأَسْأَلَهُ " ، فَتُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْدُمَ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ
It is narrated from Tawus Yamani that Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) took one-year-old cow from thirty cows, and one two-year-old cow from forty cows, and took nothing from less than that, and said: I have not heard anything from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) regarding this matter, so I will ask him. But the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away before Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) could come.
Hadith 673
حَدَّثَنِي حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى ، عَنْ مَالِك ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ الْمَكِّيِّ ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ الْيَمَانِيِّ ، أَنَّ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ أَخَذَ مِنْ ثَلَاثِينَ بَقَرَةً تَبِيعًا وَمِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ بَقَرَةً مُسِنَّةً ، وَأُتِيَ بِمَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ فَأَبَى أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا ، وَقَالَ : " لَمْ أَسْمَعْ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِيهِ شَيْئًا حَتَّى أَلْقَاهُ فَأَسْأَلَهُ " ، فَتُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْدُمَ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ
It is narrated from Tawus Yamani that Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) took one-year-old cow from thirty cows, and one two-year-old cow from forty cows, and took nothing from less than that, and said: I have not heard anything from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) regarding this matter, so I will ask him. But the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away before Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) could come.
وَقَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك فِي الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ الضَّأْنُ وَالْمَعْزُ : أَنَّهَا تُجْمَعُ عَلَيْهِ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ فَإِنْ كَانَ فِيهَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ صُدِّقَتْ ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا هِيَ غَنَمٌ كُلُّهَا وَفِي كِتَابِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ وَفِي سَائِمَةِ الْغَنَمِ إِذَا بَلَغَتْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً شَاةٌ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person has both sheep and goats, then all will be counted together; if it reaches the required nisab, zakat will be obligatory, because sheep are included in the count of goats. And it is mentioned in the book of Sayyiduna Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him: For grazing goats, one goat is due for every forty.
قَالَ مَالِك : فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الضَّأْنُ هِيَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْمَعْزِ وَلَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَى رَبِّهَا إِلَّا شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ ، أَخَذَ الْمُصَدِّقُ تِلْكَ الشَّاةَ الَّتِي وَجَبَتْ عَلَى رَبِّ الْمَالِ مِنَ الضَّأْنِ ، وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْمَعْزُ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الضَّأْنِ أُخِذَ مِنْهَا ، فَإِنِ اسْتَوَى الضَّأْنُ وَالْمَعْزُ أَخَذَ الشَّاةَ مِنْ أَيَّتِهِمَا شَاءَ
So if the sheep are more and the goats are fewer, and one head of zakat is obligatory on the owner, then a sheep should be taken. And if the goats are more and the sheep are fewer, then a goat should be taken. If the sheep and goats are equal, then the zakat collector has the choice to take whichever one head he wishes from them.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : وَكَذَلِكَ الْإِبِلُ الْعِرَابُ وَالْبُخْتُ يُجْمَعَانِ عَلَى رَبِّهِمَا فِي الصَّدَقَةِ ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا هِيَ إِبِلٌ كُلُّهَا فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْعِرَابُ هِيَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْبُخْتِ ، وَلَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَى رَبِّهَا إِلَّا بَعِيرٌ وَاحِدٌ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنَ الْعِرَابِ صَدَقَتَهَا ، فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْبُخْتُ أَكْثَرَ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْهَا فَإِنِ اسْتَوَتْ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْ أَيَّتِهِمَا شَاءَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Similarly, zakat will be taken by combining both the Arabian and Bactrian camels, because both types of camels are included in the category of camels. If there are more Arabian camels and a muhaar (a young she-camel) is obligatory on the owner, then an Arabian camel will be taken. If there are more Bactrian camels, then a Bactrian camel will be taken. If both are equal in number, then there is a choice to take from whichever type is preferred.
قَالَ مَالِك : وَكَذَلِكَ الْبَقَرُ وَالْجَوَامِيسُ تُجْمَعُ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ عَلَى رَبِّهَا ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا هِيَ بَقَرٌ كُلُّهَا فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْبَقَرُ هِيَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْجَوَامِيسِ وَلَا تَجِبُ عَلَى رَبِّهَا إِلَّا بَقَرَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنَ الْبَقَرِ صَدَقَتَهُمَا ، وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْجَوَامِيسُ أَكْثَرَ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْهَا فَإِنِ اسْتَوَتْ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْ أَيَّتِهِمَا شَاءَ ، فَإِذَا وَجَبَتْ فِي ذَلِكَ الصَّدَقَةُ صُدِّقَ الصِّنْفَانِ جَمِيعًا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In the same way, cows and buffaloes are both of the same kind; their zakat should be taken together. However, if there are more cows and fewer buffaloes, and one head is obligatory on the owner, then a cow should be taken. If there are more buffaloes, then a buffalo should be taken. If both are equal, then there is a choice to take from whichever one wishes. And if both cows and buffaloes are each in the amount of nisab, then zakat should be taken from both.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : مَنْ أَفَادَ مَاشِيَةً مِنْ إِبِلٍ أَوْ بَقَرٍ أَوْ غَنَمٍ فَلَا صَدَقَةَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهَا حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَوْلُ مِنْ يَوْمَ أَفَادَهَا ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ قَبْلَهَا نِصَابُ مَاشِيَةٍ ، وَالنِّصَابُ مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ إِمَّا خَمْسُ ذَوْدٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ ، وَإِمَّا ثَلَاثُونَ بَقَرَةً ، وَإِمَّا أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً ، فَإِذَا كَانَ لِلرَّجُلِ خَمْسُ ذَوْدٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ أَوْ ثَلَاثُونَ بَقَرَةً أَوْ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً ، ثُمَّ أَفَادَ إِلَيْهَا إِبِلًا أَوْ بَقَرًا أَوْ غَنَمًا بِاشْتِرَاءٍ أَوْ هِبَةٍ أَوْ مِيرَاثٍ ، فَإِنَّهُ يُصَدِّقُهَا مَعَ مَاشِيَتِهِ حِينَ يُصَدِّقُهَا ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَحُلْ عَلَى الْفَائِدَةِ الْحَوْلُ وَإِنْ كَانَ مَا أَفَادَ مِنَ الْمَاشِيَةِ إِلَى مَاشِيَتِهِ ، قَدْ صُدِّقَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَهَا بِيَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ أَوْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَرِثَهَا بِيَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ ، فَإِنَّهُ يُصَدِّقُهَا مَعَ مَاشِيَتِهِ حِينَ يُصَدِّقُ مَاشِيَتَهُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Whoever acquires animals—camels, cows, or goats—there is no zakat on them until a year has passed from the day he acquired those animals. However, if he already possesses animals equal to the nisab, such as five camels, thirty cows, or forty goats, and then acquires more camels or goats, whether by purchase, gift, or inheritance, he should give zakat for them along with his previous animals, even if a year has not passed over these latter animals. But if he acquires these animals after having already given zakat for the previous ones, then he does not give zakat for them now; rather, in the coming year, when he gives zakat for the earlier animals, he will also give zakat for these along with them.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : وَإِنَّمَا مَثَلُ ذَلِكَ مَثَلُ الْوَرِقِ يُزَكِّيهَا الرَّجُلُ ثُمَّ يَشْتَرِي بِهَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ آخَرَ عَرْضًا ، وَقَدْ وَجَبَتْ عَلَيْهِ فِي عَرْضِهِ ذَلِكَ إِذَا بَاعَهُ الصَّدَقَةُ فَيُخْرِجُ الرَّجُلُ الْآخَرُ صَدَقَتَهَا هَذَا الْيَوْمَ ، وَيَكُونُ الْآخَرُ قَدْ صَدَّقَهَا مِنَ الْغَدِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Its example is like that of silver; a person gave its zakat and bought some goods in exchange for it. Now, was zakat also obligatory on the one who sold the goods? He then gave zakat on that silver, so the buyer gave zakat today and the seller gave zakat tomorrow.
قَالَ مَالِك : فِي رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ لَهُ غَنَمٌ لَا تَجِبُ فِيهَا الصَّدَقَةُ ، فَاشْتَرَى إِلَيْهَا غَنَمًا كَثِيرَةً تَجِبُ فِي دُونِهَا الصَّدَقَةُ أَوْ وَرِثَهَا ، أَنَّهُ لَا تَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْغَنَمِ كُلِّهَا الصَّدَقَةُ حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَوْلُ مِنْ يَوْمَ أَفَادَهَا بِاشْتِرَاءٍ أَوْ مِيرَاثٍ ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ كُلَّ مَا كَانَ عِنْدَ الرَّجُلِ مِنْ مَاشِيَةٍ لَا تَجِبُ فِيهَا الصَّدَقَةُ مِنْ إِبِلٍ أَوْ بَقَرٍ أَوْ غَنَمٍ ، فَلَيْسَ يُعَدُّ ذَلِكَ نِصَابَ مَالٍ حَتَّى يَكُونَ فِي كُلِّ صِنْفٍ مِنْهَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ ، فَذَلِكَ النِّصَابُ الَّذِي يُصَدِّقُ مَعَهُ مَا أَفَادَ إِلَيْهِ صَاحِبُهُ مِنْ قَلِيلٍ أَوْ كَثِيرٍ مِنَ الْمَاشِيَةِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person has less than the nisab of goats, then he buys more goats or inherits some, so that they become more than the nisab, then zakat will not be obligatory upon him until a year has passed from the date of purchase or inheritance. The reason for this is that when a person has such a number of animals—camels, cows, or goats—in which there is no zakat, then this will not be counted as nisab until the number of each type of animal reaches the nisab. If the amount reaches the nisab, then whatever animals of that type are added to it, zakat will have to be given on them along with that nisab, whether these animals are few or many.
قَالَ مَالِك : وَلَوْ كَانَتْ لِرَجُلٍ إِبِلٌ أَوْ بَقَرٌ أَوْ غَنَمٌ تَجِبُ فِي كُلِّ صِنْفٍ مِنْهَا الصَّدَقَةُ ، ثُمَّ أَفَادَ إِلَيْهَا بَعِيرًا أَوْ بَقَرَةً أَوْ شَاةً صَدَّقَهَا مَعَ مَاشِيَتِهِ حِينَ يُصَدِّقُهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person possesses camels, cows, or goats according to the prescribed nisab, and then acquires new income, he must pay zakat on the new income together with the nisab that he already possesses.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : وَهَذَا أَحَبُّ مَا سَمِعْتُ إِلَيَّ فِي هَذَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
قَالَ مَالِك فِي الْفَرِيضَةِ تَجِبُ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ فَلَا تُوجَدُ عِنْدَهُ : أَنَّهَا إِنْ كَانَتِ ابْنَةَ مَخَاضٍ فَلَمْ تُوجَدْ ، أُخِذَ مَكَانَهَا ابْنُ لَبُونٍ ذَكَرٌ ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ بِنْتَ لَبُونٍ أَوْ حِقَّةً أَوْ جَذَعَةً وَلَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ ، كَانَ عَلَى رَبِّ الْإِبِلِ أَنْ يَبْتَاعَهَا لَهُ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَهُ بِهَا ، وَلَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُ قِيمَتَهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If the type of animal that is obligatory upon someone for Zakat is not available from his possession, for example, if a one-year-old she-camel is obligatory and it is not available, then a two-year-old camel should be taken. And if a two-year-old, three-year-old, or four-year-old she-camel is obligatory and it is not available, then he should buy and give it. And in my view, giving the price is not preferable.
وَقَالَ مَالِك فِي الْإِبِلِ النَّوَاضِحِ وَالْبَقَرِ السَّوَانِي وَبَقَرِ الْحَرْثِ : إِنِّي أَرَى أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ إِذَا وَجَبَتْ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Camels that draw water, or oxen that pull the yoke or plough the field—if they reach the amount of nisab, then zakat is obligatory on them.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي الْخَلِيطَيْنِ إِذَا كَانَ الرَّاعِي وَاحِدًا ، وَالْفَحْلُ وَاحِدًا ، وَالْمُرَاحُ وَاحِدًا ، وَالدَّلْوُ وَاحِدًا : فَالرَّجُلَانِ خَلِيطَانِ. وَإِنْ عَرَفَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَالَهُ مِنْ مَالِ صَاحِبِهِ. قَالَ : وَالَّذِي لَا يَعْرِفُ مَالَهُ مِنْ مَالِ صَاحِبِهِ لَيْسَ بِخَلِيطٍ. إِنَّمَا هُوَ شَرِيكٌ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَلَا تَجِبُ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَى الْخَلِيطَيْنِ حَتَّى يَكُونَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If two men are partners in animals in such a way that there is one shepherd, one male animal, one place for the animals to stay, and one bucket for watering, then those two men will be called "khalitan" (mixed partners), if each of them recognizes his own property. And whoever cannot distinguish his property from the property of the other, they will be called "sharikan" (partners).
وَتَفْسِيرُ ذَلِكَ ، أَنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ لِأَحَدِ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً فَصَاعِدًا ، وَلِلْآخَرِ أَقَلُّ مِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً، كَانَتِ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَى الَّذِي لَهُ الْأَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً. وَلَمْ تَكُنْ عَلَى الَّذِي لَهُ أَقَلُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ، صَدَقَةٌ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Zakat is not obligatory on partners until each one’s wealth reaches the amount of nisab. Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The explanation of this issue is that, for example, if one partner has forty goats or more and the other partner has less than forty, then zakat is obligatory on the one who has forty or more, and zakat is not obligatory on the one who has less than forty.
فَإِنْ كَانَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ جُمِعَا فِي الصَّدَقَةِ. وَوَجَبَتِ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَيْهِمَا جَمِيعًا. فَإِنْ كَانَ لِأَحَدِهِمَا أَلْفُ شَاةٍ ، أَوْ أَقَلُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، مِمَّا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ. وَلِلْآخَرِ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً أَوْ أَكْثَرُ ، فَهُمَا خَلِيطَانِ يَتَرَادَّانِ الْفَضْلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بِالسَّوِيَّةِ. عَلَى قَدْرِ عَدَدِ أَمْوَالِهِمَا ، عَلَى الْأَلْفِ بِحِصَّتِهَا ، وَعَلَى الْأَرْبَعِينَ بِحِصَّتِهَا.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If each partner's goats reach the nisab, then zakat will be taken from both collectively. And if one partner has a thousand goats or less, and the other has forty goats or more, then both are considered partners; any excess will be adjusted between them according to their respective shares. The share of zakat will be according to the thousand goats, and the share will be according to the forty goats.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : الْخَلِيطَانِ فِي الْإِبِلِ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ فِي الْغَنَمِ. يَجْتَمِعَانِ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ جَمِيعًا ، إِذَا كَانَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ. وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : ” لَيْسَ فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسِ ذَوْدٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ صَدَقَةٌ.“ وقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ : فِي سَائِمَةِ الْغَنَمِ إِذَا بَلَغَتْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً ، شَاةٌ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَهَذَا أَحَبُّ مَا سَمِعْتُ إِلَيَّ فِي ذَلِكَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The ruling of mixed camels is like the ruling of mixed goats; zakat will be taken collectively from both. When each has camels equal to the nisab, because the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "There is no zakat in less than five camels." And Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said that when the grazing goats reach forty, then one goat (is due as zakat).
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ ، وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ خَشْيَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ. أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يَعْنِي بِذَلِكَ أَصْحَابَ الْمَوَاشِي
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: And Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said that separate properties should not be combined, nor should combined properties be separated, out of fear of zakat. This ruling is for the owners of livestock.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَتَفْسِيرُ قَوْلِهِ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ : أَنْ يَكُونَ النَّفَرُ الثَّلَاثَةُ الَّذِينَ يَكُونُ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً ، قَدْ وَجَبَتْ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ فِي غَنَمِهِ الصَّدَقَةُ ، فَإِذَا أَظَلَّهُمُ الْمُصَدِّقُ جَمَعُوهَا ، لِئَلَّا يَكُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهَا إِلَّا شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ. فَنُهُوا عَنْ ذَلِكَ ¤ وَتَفْسِيرُ قَوْلِهِ : وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ أَنَّ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ يَكُونُ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِائَةُ شَاةٍ وَشَاةٌ ، فَيَكُونُ عَلَيْهِمَا فِيهَا ثَلَاثُ شِيَاةٍ. فَإِذَا أَظَلَّهُمَا الْمُصَدِّقُ ، فَرَّقَا غَنَمَهُمَا ، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا إِلَّا شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ. فَنُهِيَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ. فَقِيلَ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ ، وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ. خَشْيَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ. ¤ قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فَهَذَا الَّذِي سَمِعْتُ فِي ذَلِكَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The explanation of this statement is that, for example, three men each had forty sheep, so one sheep was obligatory on each of them. When the zakat collector came, those three combined their sheep so that only one sheep would have to be given; this act is prohibited. And, for example, if each of the partners has one hundred and one sheep, then together they have two hundred and two sheep, and three sheep become obligatory from them. When the zakat collector came, both of them separated their sheep so that only one sheep would be obligatory on each; this act is also prohibited. Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: And this is what I have heard regarding this matter.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : أَحْسَنُ مَا سَمِعْتُ فِيمَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ غَنَمٌ عَلَى رَاعِيَيْنِ مُفْتَرِقَيْنِ ، أَوْ عَلَى رِعَاءٍ مُفْتَرِقِينَ فِي بُلْدَانٍ شَتَّى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ يُجْمَعُ كُلُّهُ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ ، فَيُؤَدِّي مِنْهُ صَدَقَتَهُ ، وَمِثْلُ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ لَهُ الذَّهَبُ أَوِ الْوَرِقُ مُتَفَرِّقَةً فِي أَيْدِي نَاسٍ شَتَّى ، إِنَّهُ يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَجْمَعَهَا فَيُخْرِجَ مِنْهَا مَا وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ زَكَاتِهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person’s goats are with two or more shepherds in different cities, he should combine all of them and give zakat collectively. Similarly, if a person’s gold and silver are with different people, he should combine all of them and give zakat collectively.
Hadith 673
حَدَّثَنِي حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى ، عَنْ مَالِك ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ الْمَكِّيِّ ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ الْيَمَانِيِّ ، أَنَّ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ أَخَذَ مِنْ ثَلَاثِينَ بَقَرَةً تَبِيعًا وَمِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ بَقَرَةً مُسِنَّةً ، وَأُتِيَ بِمَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ فَأَبَى أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا ، وَقَالَ : " لَمْ أَسْمَعْ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِيهِ شَيْئًا حَتَّى أَلْقَاهُ فَأَسْأَلَهُ " ، فَتُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْدُمَ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ
It is narrated from Tawus Yamani that Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) took one-year-old cow from thirty cows, and one two-year-old cow from forty cows, and took nothing from less than that, and said: I have not heard anything from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) regarding this matter, so I will ask him. But the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away before Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) could come.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : أَحْسَنُ مَا سَمِعْتُ فِيمَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ غَنَمٌ عَلَى رَاعِيَيْنِ مُفْتَرِقَيْنِ ، أَوْ عَلَى رِعَاءٍ مُفْتَرِقِينَ فِي بُلْدَانٍ شَتَّى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ يُجْمَعُ كُلُّهُ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ ، فَيُؤَدِّي مِنْهُ صَدَقَتَهُ ، وَمِثْلُ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ لَهُ الذَّهَبُ أَوِ الْوَرِقُ مُتَفَرِّقَةً فِي أَيْدِي نَاسٍ شَتَّى ، إِنَّهُ يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَجْمَعَهَا فَيُخْرِجَ مِنْهَا مَا وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ زَكَاتِهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person’s goats are with two or more shepherds in different cities, he should combine all of them and give zakat collectively. Similarly, if a person’s gold and silver are with different people, he should combine all of them and give zakat collectively.
قَالَ مَالِك : فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الضَّأْنُ هِيَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْمَعْزِ وَلَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَى رَبِّهَا إِلَّا شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ ، أَخَذَ الْمُصَدِّقُ تِلْكَ الشَّاةَ الَّتِي وَجَبَتْ عَلَى رَبِّ الْمَالِ مِنَ الضَّأْنِ ، وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْمَعْزُ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الضَّأْنِ أُخِذَ مِنْهَا ، فَإِنِ اسْتَوَى الضَّأْنُ وَالْمَعْزُ أَخَذَ الشَّاةَ مِنْ أَيَّتِهِمَا شَاءَ
So if the sheep are more and the goats are fewer, and one head of zakat is obligatory on the owner, then a sheep should be taken. And if the goats are more and the sheep are fewer, then a goat should be taken. If the sheep and goats are equal, then the zakat collector has the choice to take whichever one head he wishes from them.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : وَكَذَلِكَ الْإِبِلُ الْعِرَابُ وَالْبُخْتُ يُجْمَعَانِ عَلَى رَبِّهِمَا فِي الصَّدَقَةِ ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا هِيَ إِبِلٌ كُلُّهَا فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْعِرَابُ هِيَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْبُخْتِ ، وَلَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَى رَبِّهَا إِلَّا بَعِيرٌ وَاحِدٌ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنَ الْعِرَابِ صَدَقَتَهَا ، فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْبُخْتُ أَكْثَرَ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْهَا فَإِنِ اسْتَوَتْ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْ أَيَّتِهِمَا شَاءَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Similarly, zakat will be taken by combining both the Arabian and Bactrian camels, because both types of camels are included in the category of camels. If there are more Arabian camels and a muhaar (a young she-camel) is obligatory on the owner, then an Arabian camel will be taken. If there are more Bactrian camels, then a Bactrian camel will be taken. If both are equal in number, then there is a choice to take from whichever type is preferred.
قَالَ مَالِك : وَكَذَلِكَ الْبَقَرُ وَالْجَوَامِيسُ تُجْمَعُ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ عَلَى رَبِّهَا ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا هِيَ بَقَرٌ كُلُّهَا فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْبَقَرُ هِيَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْجَوَامِيسِ وَلَا تَجِبُ عَلَى رَبِّهَا إِلَّا بَقَرَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنَ الْبَقَرِ صَدَقَتَهُمَا ، وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْجَوَامِيسُ أَكْثَرَ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْهَا فَإِنِ اسْتَوَتْ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْ أَيَّتِهِمَا شَاءَ ، فَإِذَا وَجَبَتْ فِي ذَلِكَ الصَّدَقَةُ صُدِّقَ الصِّنْفَانِ جَمِيعًا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In the same way, cows and buffaloes are both of the same kind; their zakat should be taken together. However, if there are more cows and fewer buffaloes, and one head is obligatory on the owner, then a cow should be taken. If there are more buffaloes, then a buffalo should be taken. If both are equal, then there is a choice to take from whichever one wishes. And if both cows and buffaloes are each in the amount of nisab, then zakat should be taken from both.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : مَنْ أَفَادَ مَاشِيَةً مِنْ إِبِلٍ أَوْ بَقَرٍ أَوْ غَنَمٍ فَلَا صَدَقَةَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهَا حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَوْلُ مِنْ يَوْمَ أَفَادَهَا ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ قَبْلَهَا نِصَابُ مَاشِيَةٍ ، وَالنِّصَابُ مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ إِمَّا خَمْسُ ذَوْدٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ ، وَإِمَّا ثَلَاثُونَ بَقَرَةً ، وَإِمَّا أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً ، فَإِذَا كَانَ لِلرَّجُلِ خَمْسُ ذَوْدٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ أَوْ ثَلَاثُونَ بَقَرَةً أَوْ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً ، ثُمَّ أَفَادَ إِلَيْهَا إِبِلًا أَوْ بَقَرًا أَوْ غَنَمًا بِاشْتِرَاءٍ أَوْ هِبَةٍ أَوْ مِيرَاثٍ ، فَإِنَّهُ يُصَدِّقُهَا مَعَ مَاشِيَتِهِ حِينَ يُصَدِّقُهَا ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَحُلْ عَلَى الْفَائِدَةِ الْحَوْلُ وَإِنْ كَانَ مَا أَفَادَ مِنَ الْمَاشِيَةِ إِلَى مَاشِيَتِهِ ، قَدْ صُدِّقَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَهَا بِيَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ أَوْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَرِثَهَا بِيَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ ، فَإِنَّهُ يُصَدِّقُهَا مَعَ مَاشِيَتِهِ حِينَ يُصَدِّقُ مَاشِيَتَهُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Whoever acquires animals—camels, cows, or goats—there is no zakat on them until a year has passed from the day he acquired those animals. However, if he already possesses animals equal to the nisab, such as five camels, thirty cows, or forty goats, and then acquires more camels or goats, whether by purchase, gift, or inheritance, he should give zakat for them along with his previous animals, even if a year has not passed over these latter animals. But if he acquires these animals after having already given zakat for the previous ones, then he does not give zakat for them now; rather, in the coming year, when he gives zakat for the earlier animals, he will also give zakat for these along with them.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : وَإِنَّمَا مَثَلُ ذَلِكَ مَثَلُ الْوَرِقِ يُزَكِّيهَا الرَّجُلُ ثُمَّ يَشْتَرِي بِهَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ آخَرَ عَرْضًا ، وَقَدْ وَجَبَتْ عَلَيْهِ فِي عَرْضِهِ ذَلِكَ إِذَا بَاعَهُ الصَّدَقَةُ فَيُخْرِجُ الرَّجُلُ الْآخَرُ صَدَقَتَهَا هَذَا الْيَوْمَ ، وَيَكُونُ الْآخَرُ قَدْ صَدَّقَهَا مِنَ الْغَدِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Its example is like that of silver; a person gave its zakat and bought some goods in exchange for it. Now, was zakat also obligatory on the one who sold the goods? He then gave zakat on that silver, so the buyer gave zakat today and the seller gave zakat tomorrow.
قَالَ مَالِك : فِي رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ لَهُ غَنَمٌ لَا تَجِبُ فِيهَا الصَّدَقَةُ ، فَاشْتَرَى إِلَيْهَا غَنَمًا كَثِيرَةً تَجِبُ فِي دُونِهَا الصَّدَقَةُ أَوْ وَرِثَهَا ، أَنَّهُ لَا تَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْغَنَمِ كُلِّهَا الصَّدَقَةُ حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَوْلُ مِنْ يَوْمَ أَفَادَهَا بِاشْتِرَاءٍ أَوْ مِيرَاثٍ ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ كُلَّ مَا كَانَ عِنْدَ الرَّجُلِ مِنْ مَاشِيَةٍ لَا تَجِبُ فِيهَا الصَّدَقَةُ مِنْ إِبِلٍ أَوْ بَقَرٍ أَوْ غَنَمٍ ، فَلَيْسَ يُعَدُّ ذَلِكَ نِصَابَ مَالٍ حَتَّى يَكُونَ فِي كُلِّ صِنْفٍ مِنْهَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ ، فَذَلِكَ النِّصَابُ الَّذِي يُصَدِّقُ مَعَهُ مَا أَفَادَ إِلَيْهِ صَاحِبُهُ مِنْ قَلِيلٍ أَوْ كَثِيرٍ مِنَ الْمَاشِيَةِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person has less than the nisab of goats, then he buys more goats or inherits some, so that they become more than the nisab, then zakat will not be obligatory upon him until a year has passed from the date of purchase or inheritance. The reason for this is that when a person has such a number of animals—camels, cows, or goats—in which there is no zakat, then this will not be counted as nisab until the number of each type of animal reaches the nisab. If the amount reaches the nisab, then whatever animals of that type are added to it, zakat will have to be given on them along with that nisab, whether these animals are few or many.
قَالَ مَالِك : وَلَوْ كَانَتْ لِرَجُلٍ إِبِلٌ أَوْ بَقَرٌ أَوْ غَنَمٌ تَجِبُ فِي كُلِّ صِنْفٍ مِنْهَا الصَّدَقَةُ ، ثُمَّ أَفَادَ إِلَيْهَا بَعِيرًا أَوْ بَقَرَةً أَوْ شَاةً صَدَّقَهَا مَعَ مَاشِيَتِهِ حِينَ يُصَدِّقُهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person possesses camels, cows, or goats according to the prescribed nisab, and then acquires new income, he must pay zakat on the new income together with the nisab that he already possesses.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : وَهَذَا أَحَبُّ مَا سَمِعْتُ إِلَيَّ فِي هَذَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
قَالَ مَالِك فِي الْفَرِيضَةِ تَجِبُ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ فَلَا تُوجَدُ عِنْدَهُ : أَنَّهَا إِنْ كَانَتِ ابْنَةَ مَخَاضٍ فَلَمْ تُوجَدْ ، أُخِذَ مَكَانَهَا ابْنُ لَبُونٍ ذَكَرٌ ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ بِنْتَ لَبُونٍ أَوْ حِقَّةً أَوْ جَذَعَةً وَلَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ ، كَانَ عَلَى رَبِّ الْإِبِلِ أَنْ يَبْتَاعَهَا لَهُ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَهُ بِهَا ، وَلَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُ قِيمَتَهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If the type of animal that is obligatory upon someone for Zakat is not available from his possession, for example, if a one-year-old she-camel is obligatory and it is not available, then a two-year-old camel should be taken. And if a two-year-old, three-year-old, or four-year-old she-camel is obligatory and it is not available, then he should buy and give it. And in my view, giving the price is not preferable.
وَقَالَ مَالِك فِي الْإِبِلِ النَّوَاضِحِ وَالْبَقَرِ السَّوَانِي وَبَقَرِ الْحَرْثِ : إِنِّي أَرَى أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ إِذَا وَجَبَتْ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Camels that draw water, or oxen that pull the yoke or plough the field—if they reach the amount of nisab, then zakat is obligatory on them.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي الْخَلِيطَيْنِ إِذَا كَانَ الرَّاعِي وَاحِدًا ، وَالْفَحْلُ وَاحِدًا ، وَالْمُرَاحُ وَاحِدًا ، وَالدَّلْوُ وَاحِدًا : فَالرَّجُلَانِ خَلِيطَانِ. وَإِنْ عَرَفَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَالَهُ مِنْ مَالِ صَاحِبِهِ. قَالَ : وَالَّذِي لَا يَعْرِفُ مَالَهُ مِنْ مَالِ صَاحِبِهِ لَيْسَ بِخَلِيطٍ. إِنَّمَا هُوَ شَرِيكٌ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَلَا تَجِبُ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَى الْخَلِيطَيْنِ حَتَّى يَكُونَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If two men are partners in animals in such a way that there is one shepherd, one male animal, one place for the animals to stay, and one bucket for watering, then those two men will be called "khalitan" (mixed partners), if each of them recognizes his own property. And whoever cannot distinguish his property from the property of the other, they will be called "sharikan" (partners).
وَتَفْسِيرُ ذَلِكَ ، أَنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ لِأَحَدِ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً فَصَاعِدًا ، وَلِلْآخَرِ أَقَلُّ مِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً، كَانَتِ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَى الَّذِي لَهُ الْأَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً. وَلَمْ تَكُنْ عَلَى الَّذِي لَهُ أَقَلُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ، صَدَقَةٌ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Zakat is not obligatory on partners until each one’s wealth reaches the amount of nisab. Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The explanation of this issue is that, for example, if one partner has forty goats or more and the other partner has less than forty, then zakat is obligatory on the one who has forty or more, and zakat is not obligatory on the one who has less than forty.
فَإِنْ كَانَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ جُمِعَا فِي الصَّدَقَةِ. وَوَجَبَتِ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَيْهِمَا جَمِيعًا. فَإِنْ كَانَ لِأَحَدِهِمَا أَلْفُ شَاةٍ ، أَوْ أَقَلُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، مِمَّا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ. وَلِلْآخَرِ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً أَوْ أَكْثَرُ ، فَهُمَا خَلِيطَانِ يَتَرَادَّانِ الْفَضْلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بِالسَّوِيَّةِ. عَلَى قَدْرِ عَدَدِ أَمْوَالِهِمَا ، عَلَى الْأَلْفِ بِحِصَّتِهَا ، وَعَلَى الْأَرْبَعِينَ بِحِصَّتِهَا.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If each partner's goats reach the nisab, then zakat will be taken from both collectively. And if one partner has a thousand goats or less, and the other has forty goats or more, then both are considered partners; any excess will be adjusted between them according to their respective shares. The share of zakat will be according to the thousand goats, and the share will be according to the forty goats.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : الْخَلِيطَانِ فِي الْإِبِلِ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ فِي الْغَنَمِ. يَجْتَمِعَانِ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ جَمِيعًا ، إِذَا كَانَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ. وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : ” لَيْسَ فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسِ ذَوْدٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ صَدَقَةٌ.“ وقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ : فِي سَائِمَةِ الْغَنَمِ إِذَا بَلَغَتْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً ، شَاةٌ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَهَذَا أَحَبُّ مَا سَمِعْتُ إِلَيَّ فِي ذَلِكَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The ruling of mixed camels is like the ruling of mixed goats; zakat will be taken collectively from both. When each has camels equal to the nisab, because the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "There is no zakat in less than five camels." And Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said that when the grazing goats reach forty, then one goat (is due as zakat).
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ ، وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ خَشْيَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ. أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يَعْنِي بِذَلِكَ أَصْحَابَ الْمَوَاشِي
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: And Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said that separate properties should not be combined, nor should combined properties be separated, out of fear of zakat. This ruling is for the owners of livestock.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَتَفْسِيرُ قَوْلِهِ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ : أَنْ يَكُونَ النَّفَرُ الثَّلَاثَةُ الَّذِينَ يَكُونُ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً ، قَدْ وَجَبَتْ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ فِي غَنَمِهِ الصَّدَقَةُ ، فَإِذَا أَظَلَّهُمُ الْمُصَدِّقُ جَمَعُوهَا ، لِئَلَّا يَكُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهَا إِلَّا شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ. فَنُهُوا عَنْ ذَلِكَ ¤ وَتَفْسِيرُ قَوْلِهِ : وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ أَنَّ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ يَكُونُ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِائَةُ شَاةٍ وَشَاةٌ ، فَيَكُونُ عَلَيْهِمَا فِيهَا ثَلَاثُ شِيَاةٍ. فَإِذَا أَظَلَّهُمَا الْمُصَدِّقُ ، فَرَّقَا غَنَمَهُمَا ، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا إِلَّا شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ. فَنُهِيَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ. فَقِيلَ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ ، وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ. خَشْيَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ. ¤ قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فَهَذَا الَّذِي سَمِعْتُ فِي ذَلِكَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The explanation of this statement is that, for example, three men each had forty sheep, so one sheep was obligatory on each of them. When the zakat collector came, those three combined their sheep so that only one sheep would have to be given; this act is prohibited. And, for example, if each of the partners has one hundred and one sheep, then together they have two hundred and two sheep, and three sheep become obligatory from them. When the zakat collector came, both of them separated their sheep so that only one sheep would be obligatory on each; this act is also prohibited. Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: And this is what I have heard regarding this matter.
وَقَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك فِي الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ الضَّأْنُ وَالْمَعْزُ : أَنَّهَا تُجْمَعُ عَلَيْهِ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ فَإِنْ كَانَ فِيهَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ صُدِّقَتْ ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا هِيَ غَنَمٌ كُلُّهَا وَفِي كِتَابِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ وَفِي سَائِمَةِ الْغَنَمِ إِذَا بَلَغَتْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً شَاةٌ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person has both sheep and goats, then all will be counted together; if it reaches the required nisab, zakat will be obligatory, because sheep are included in the count of goats. And it is mentioned in the book of Sayyiduna Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him: For grazing goats, one goat is due for every forty.
Hadith 673
حَدَّثَنِي حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى ، عَنْ مَالِك ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ الْمَكِّيِّ ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ الْيَمَانِيِّ ، أَنَّ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ أَخَذَ مِنْ ثَلَاثِينَ بَقَرَةً تَبِيعًا وَمِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ بَقَرَةً مُسِنَّةً ، وَأُتِيَ بِمَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ فَأَبَى أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا ، وَقَالَ : " لَمْ أَسْمَعْ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِيهِ شَيْئًا حَتَّى أَلْقَاهُ فَأَسْأَلَهُ " ، فَتُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْدُمَ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ
It is narrated from Tawus Yamani that Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) took one-year-old cow from thirty cows, and one two-year-old cow from forty cows, and took nothing from less than that, and said: I have not heard anything from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) regarding this matter, so I will ask him. But the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away before Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) could come.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : أَحْسَنُ مَا سَمِعْتُ فِيمَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ غَنَمٌ عَلَى رَاعِيَيْنِ مُفْتَرِقَيْنِ ، أَوْ عَلَى رِعَاءٍ مُفْتَرِقِينَ فِي بُلْدَانٍ شَتَّى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ يُجْمَعُ كُلُّهُ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ ، فَيُؤَدِّي مِنْهُ صَدَقَتَهُ ، وَمِثْلُ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ لَهُ الذَّهَبُ أَوِ الْوَرِقُ مُتَفَرِّقَةً فِي أَيْدِي نَاسٍ شَتَّى ، إِنَّهُ يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَجْمَعَهَا فَيُخْرِجَ مِنْهَا مَا وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ زَكَاتِهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person’s goats are with two or more shepherds in different cities, he should combine all of them and give zakat collectively. Similarly, if a person’s gold and silver are with different people, he should combine all of them and give zakat collectively.
وَقَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك فِي الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ الضَّأْنُ وَالْمَعْزُ : أَنَّهَا تُجْمَعُ عَلَيْهِ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ فَإِنْ كَانَ فِيهَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ صُدِّقَتْ ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا هِيَ غَنَمٌ كُلُّهَا وَفِي كِتَابِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ وَفِي سَائِمَةِ الْغَنَمِ إِذَا بَلَغَتْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً شَاةٌ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person has both sheep and goats, then all will be counted together; if it reaches the required nisab, zakat will be obligatory, because sheep are included in the count of goats. And it is mentioned in the book of Sayyiduna Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him: For grazing goats, one goat is due for every forty.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : وَكَذَلِكَ الْإِبِلُ الْعِرَابُ وَالْبُخْتُ يُجْمَعَانِ عَلَى رَبِّهِمَا فِي الصَّدَقَةِ ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا هِيَ إِبِلٌ كُلُّهَا فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْعِرَابُ هِيَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْبُخْتِ ، وَلَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَى رَبِّهَا إِلَّا بَعِيرٌ وَاحِدٌ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنَ الْعِرَابِ صَدَقَتَهَا ، فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْبُخْتُ أَكْثَرَ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْهَا فَإِنِ اسْتَوَتْ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْ أَيَّتِهِمَا شَاءَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Similarly, zakat will be taken by combining both the Arabian and Bactrian camels, because both types of camels are included in the category of camels. If there are more Arabian camels and a muhaar (a young she-camel) is obligatory on the owner, then an Arabian camel will be taken. If there are more Bactrian camels, then a Bactrian camel will be taken. If both are equal in number, then there is a choice to take from whichever type is preferred.
قَالَ مَالِك : وَكَذَلِكَ الْبَقَرُ وَالْجَوَامِيسُ تُجْمَعُ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ عَلَى رَبِّهَا ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا هِيَ بَقَرٌ كُلُّهَا فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْبَقَرُ هِيَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْجَوَامِيسِ وَلَا تَجِبُ عَلَى رَبِّهَا إِلَّا بَقَرَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنَ الْبَقَرِ صَدَقَتَهُمَا ، وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْجَوَامِيسُ أَكْثَرَ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْهَا فَإِنِ اسْتَوَتْ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْ أَيَّتِهِمَا شَاءَ ، فَإِذَا وَجَبَتْ فِي ذَلِكَ الصَّدَقَةُ صُدِّقَ الصِّنْفَانِ جَمِيعًا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In the same way, cows and buffaloes are both of the same kind; their zakat should be taken together. However, if there are more cows and fewer buffaloes, and one head is obligatory on the owner, then a cow should be taken. If there are more buffaloes, then a buffalo should be taken. If both are equal, then there is a choice to take from whichever one wishes. And if both cows and buffaloes are each in the amount of nisab, then zakat should be taken from both.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : مَنْ أَفَادَ مَاشِيَةً مِنْ إِبِلٍ أَوْ بَقَرٍ أَوْ غَنَمٍ فَلَا صَدَقَةَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهَا حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَوْلُ مِنْ يَوْمَ أَفَادَهَا ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ قَبْلَهَا نِصَابُ مَاشِيَةٍ ، وَالنِّصَابُ مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ إِمَّا خَمْسُ ذَوْدٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ ، وَإِمَّا ثَلَاثُونَ بَقَرَةً ، وَإِمَّا أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً ، فَإِذَا كَانَ لِلرَّجُلِ خَمْسُ ذَوْدٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ أَوْ ثَلَاثُونَ بَقَرَةً أَوْ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً ، ثُمَّ أَفَادَ إِلَيْهَا إِبِلًا أَوْ بَقَرًا أَوْ غَنَمًا بِاشْتِرَاءٍ أَوْ هِبَةٍ أَوْ مِيرَاثٍ ، فَإِنَّهُ يُصَدِّقُهَا مَعَ مَاشِيَتِهِ حِينَ يُصَدِّقُهَا ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَحُلْ عَلَى الْفَائِدَةِ الْحَوْلُ وَإِنْ كَانَ مَا أَفَادَ مِنَ الْمَاشِيَةِ إِلَى مَاشِيَتِهِ ، قَدْ صُدِّقَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَهَا بِيَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ أَوْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَرِثَهَا بِيَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ ، فَإِنَّهُ يُصَدِّقُهَا مَعَ مَاشِيَتِهِ حِينَ يُصَدِّقُ مَاشِيَتَهُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Whoever acquires animals—camels, cows, or goats—there is no zakat on them until a year has passed from the day he acquired those animals. However, if he already possesses animals equal to the nisab, such as five camels, thirty cows, or forty goats, and then acquires more camels or goats, whether by purchase, gift, or inheritance, he should give zakat for them along with his previous animals, even if a year has not passed over these latter animals. But if he acquires these animals after having already given zakat for the previous ones, then he does not give zakat for them now; rather, in the coming year, when he gives zakat for the earlier animals, he will also give zakat for these along with them.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : وَإِنَّمَا مَثَلُ ذَلِكَ مَثَلُ الْوَرِقِ يُزَكِّيهَا الرَّجُلُ ثُمَّ يَشْتَرِي بِهَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ آخَرَ عَرْضًا ، وَقَدْ وَجَبَتْ عَلَيْهِ فِي عَرْضِهِ ذَلِكَ إِذَا بَاعَهُ الصَّدَقَةُ فَيُخْرِجُ الرَّجُلُ الْآخَرُ صَدَقَتَهَا هَذَا الْيَوْمَ ، وَيَكُونُ الْآخَرُ قَدْ صَدَّقَهَا مِنَ الْغَدِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Its example is like that of silver; a person gave its zakat and bought some goods in exchange for it. Now, was zakat also obligatory on the one who sold the goods? He then gave zakat on that silver, so the buyer gave zakat today and the seller gave zakat tomorrow.
قَالَ مَالِك : فِي رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ لَهُ غَنَمٌ لَا تَجِبُ فِيهَا الصَّدَقَةُ ، فَاشْتَرَى إِلَيْهَا غَنَمًا كَثِيرَةً تَجِبُ فِي دُونِهَا الصَّدَقَةُ أَوْ وَرِثَهَا ، أَنَّهُ لَا تَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْغَنَمِ كُلِّهَا الصَّدَقَةُ حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَوْلُ مِنْ يَوْمَ أَفَادَهَا بِاشْتِرَاءٍ أَوْ مِيرَاثٍ ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ كُلَّ مَا كَانَ عِنْدَ الرَّجُلِ مِنْ مَاشِيَةٍ لَا تَجِبُ فِيهَا الصَّدَقَةُ مِنْ إِبِلٍ أَوْ بَقَرٍ أَوْ غَنَمٍ ، فَلَيْسَ يُعَدُّ ذَلِكَ نِصَابَ مَالٍ حَتَّى يَكُونَ فِي كُلِّ صِنْفٍ مِنْهَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ ، فَذَلِكَ النِّصَابُ الَّذِي يُصَدِّقُ مَعَهُ مَا أَفَادَ إِلَيْهِ صَاحِبُهُ مِنْ قَلِيلٍ أَوْ كَثِيرٍ مِنَ الْمَاشِيَةِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person has less than the nisab of goats, then he buys more goats or inherits some, so that they become more than the nisab, then zakat will not be obligatory upon him until a year has passed from the date of purchase or inheritance. The reason for this is that when a person has such a number of animals—camels, cows, or goats—in which there is no zakat, then this will not be counted as nisab until the number of each type of animal reaches the nisab. If the amount reaches the nisab, then whatever animals of that type are added to it, zakat will have to be given on them along with that nisab, whether these animals are few or many.
قَالَ مَالِك : وَلَوْ كَانَتْ لِرَجُلٍ إِبِلٌ أَوْ بَقَرٌ أَوْ غَنَمٌ تَجِبُ فِي كُلِّ صِنْفٍ مِنْهَا الصَّدَقَةُ ، ثُمَّ أَفَادَ إِلَيْهَا بَعِيرًا أَوْ بَقَرَةً أَوْ شَاةً صَدَّقَهَا مَعَ مَاشِيَتِهِ حِينَ يُصَدِّقُهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person possesses camels, cows, or goats according to the prescribed nisab, and then acquires new income, he must pay zakat on the new income together with the nisab that he already possesses.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : وَهَذَا أَحَبُّ مَا سَمِعْتُ إِلَيَّ فِي هَذَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
قَالَ مَالِك فِي الْفَرِيضَةِ تَجِبُ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ فَلَا تُوجَدُ عِنْدَهُ : أَنَّهَا إِنْ كَانَتِ ابْنَةَ مَخَاضٍ فَلَمْ تُوجَدْ ، أُخِذَ مَكَانَهَا ابْنُ لَبُونٍ ذَكَرٌ ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ بِنْتَ لَبُونٍ أَوْ حِقَّةً أَوْ جَذَعَةً وَلَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ ، كَانَ عَلَى رَبِّ الْإِبِلِ أَنْ يَبْتَاعَهَا لَهُ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَهُ بِهَا ، وَلَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُ قِيمَتَهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If the type of animal that is obligatory upon someone for Zakat is not available from his possession, for example, if a one-year-old she-camel is obligatory and it is not available, then a two-year-old camel should be taken. And if a two-year-old, three-year-old, or four-year-old she-camel is obligatory and it is not available, then he should buy and give it. And in my view, giving the price is not preferable.
وَقَالَ مَالِك فِي الْإِبِلِ النَّوَاضِحِ وَالْبَقَرِ السَّوَانِي وَبَقَرِ الْحَرْثِ : إِنِّي أَرَى أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ إِذَا وَجَبَتْ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Camels that draw water, or oxen that pull the yoke or plough the field—if they reach the amount of nisab, then zakat is obligatory on them.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي الْخَلِيطَيْنِ إِذَا كَانَ الرَّاعِي وَاحِدًا ، وَالْفَحْلُ وَاحِدًا ، وَالْمُرَاحُ وَاحِدًا ، وَالدَّلْوُ وَاحِدًا : فَالرَّجُلَانِ خَلِيطَانِ. وَإِنْ عَرَفَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَالَهُ مِنْ مَالِ صَاحِبِهِ. قَالَ : وَالَّذِي لَا يَعْرِفُ مَالَهُ مِنْ مَالِ صَاحِبِهِ لَيْسَ بِخَلِيطٍ. إِنَّمَا هُوَ شَرِيكٌ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَلَا تَجِبُ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَى الْخَلِيطَيْنِ حَتَّى يَكُونَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If two men are partners in animals in such a way that there is one shepherd, one male animal, one place for the animals to stay, and one bucket for watering, then those two men will be called "khalitan" (mixed partners), if each of them recognizes his own property. And whoever cannot distinguish his property from the property of the other, they will be called "sharikan" (partners).
وَتَفْسِيرُ ذَلِكَ ، أَنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ لِأَحَدِ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً فَصَاعِدًا ، وَلِلْآخَرِ أَقَلُّ مِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً، كَانَتِ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَى الَّذِي لَهُ الْأَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً. وَلَمْ تَكُنْ عَلَى الَّذِي لَهُ أَقَلُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ، صَدَقَةٌ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Zakat is not obligatory on partners until each one’s wealth reaches the amount of nisab. Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The explanation of this issue is that, for example, if one partner has forty goats or more and the other partner has less than forty, then zakat is obligatory on the one who has forty or more, and zakat is not obligatory on the one who has less than forty.
فَإِنْ كَانَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ جُمِعَا فِي الصَّدَقَةِ. وَوَجَبَتِ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَيْهِمَا جَمِيعًا. فَإِنْ كَانَ لِأَحَدِهِمَا أَلْفُ شَاةٍ ، أَوْ أَقَلُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، مِمَّا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ. وَلِلْآخَرِ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً أَوْ أَكْثَرُ ، فَهُمَا خَلِيطَانِ يَتَرَادَّانِ الْفَضْلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بِالسَّوِيَّةِ. عَلَى قَدْرِ عَدَدِ أَمْوَالِهِمَا ، عَلَى الْأَلْفِ بِحِصَّتِهَا ، وَعَلَى الْأَرْبَعِينَ بِحِصَّتِهَا.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If each partner's goats reach the nisab, then zakat will be taken from both collectively. And if one partner has a thousand goats or less, and the other has forty goats or more, then both are considered partners; any excess will be adjusted between them according to their respective shares. The share of zakat will be according to the thousand goats, and the share will be according to the forty goats.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : الْخَلِيطَانِ فِي الْإِبِلِ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ فِي الْغَنَمِ. يَجْتَمِعَانِ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ جَمِيعًا ، إِذَا كَانَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ. وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : ” لَيْسَ فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسِ ذَوْدٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ صَدَقَةٌ.“ وقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ : فِي سَائِمَةِ الْغَنَمِ إِذَا بَلَغَتْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً ، شَاةٌ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَهَذَا أَحَبُّ مَا سَمِعْتُ إِلَيَّ فِي ذَلِكَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The ruling of mixed camels is like the ruling of mixed goats; zakat will be taken collectively from both. When each has camels equal to the nisab, because the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "There is no zakat in less than five camels." And Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said that when the grazing goats reach forty, then one goat (is due as zakat).
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ ، وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ خَشْيَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ. أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يَعْنِي بِذَلِكَ أَصْحَابَ الْمَوَاشِي
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: And Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said that separate properties should not be combined, nor should combined properties be separated, out of fear of zakat. This ruling is for the owners of livestock.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَتَفْسِيرُ قَوْلِهِ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ : أَنْ يَكُونَ النَّفَرُ الثَّلَاثَةُ الَّذِينَ يَكُونُ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً ، قَدْ وَجَبَتْ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ فِي غَنَمِهِ الصَّدَقَةُ ، فَإِذَا أَظَلَّهُمُ الْمُصَدِّقُ جَمَعُوهَا ، لِئَلَّا يَكُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهَا إِلَّا شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ. فَنُهُوا عَنْ ذَلِكَ ¤ وَتَفْسِيرُ قَوْلِهِ : وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ أَنَّ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ يَكُونُ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِائَةُ شَاةٍ وَشَاةٌ ، فَيَكُونُ عَلَيْهِمَا فِيهَا ثَلَاثُ شِيَاةٍ. فَإِذَا أَظَلَّهُمَا الْمُصَدِّقُ ، فَرَّقَا غَنَمَهُمَا ، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا إِلَّا شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ. فَنُهِيَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ. فَقِيلَ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ ، وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ. خَشْيَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ. ¤ قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فَهَذَا الَّذِي سَمِعْتُ فِي ذَلِكَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The explanation of this statement is that, for example, three men each had forty sheep, so one sheep was obligatory on each of them. When the zakat collector came, those three combined their sheep so that only one sheep would have to be given; this act is prohibited. And, for example, if each of the partners has one hundred and one sheep, then together they have two hundred and two sheep, and three sheep become obligatory from them. When the zakat collector came, both of them separated their sheep so that only one sheep would be obligatory on each; this act is also prohibited. Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: And this is what I have heard regarding this matter.
قَالَ مَالِك : فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الضَّأْنُ هِيَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْمَعْزِ وَلَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَى رَبِّهَا إِلَّا شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ ، أَخَذَ الْمُصَدِّقُ تِلْكَ الشَّاةَ الَّتِي وَجَبَتْ عَلَى رَبِّ الْمَالِ مِنَ الضَّأْنِ ، وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْمَعْزُ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الضَّأْنِ أُخِذَ مِنْهَا ، فَإِنِ اسْتَوَى الضَّأْنُ وَالْمَعْزُ أَخَذَ الشَّاةَ مِنْ أَيَّتِهِمَا شَاءَ
So if the sheep are more and the goats are fewer, and one head of zakat is obligatory on the owner, then a sheep should be taken. And if the goats are more and the sheep are fewer, then a goat should be taken. If the sheep and goats are equal, then the zakat collector has the choice to take whichever one head he wishes from them.
Hadith 673
حَدَّثَنِي حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى ، عَنْ مَالِك ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ الْمَكِّيِّ ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ الْيَمَانِيِّ ، أَنَّ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ أَخَذَ مِنْ ثَلَاثِينَ بَقَرَةً تَبِيعًا وَمِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ بَقَرَةً مُسِنَّةً ، وَأُتِيَ بِمَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ فَأَبَى أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا ، وَقَالَ : " لَمْ أَسْمَعْ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِيهِ شَيْئًا حَتَّى أَلْقَاهُ فَأَسْأَلَهُ " ، فَتُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْدُمَ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ
It is narrated from Tawus Yamani that Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) took one-year-old cow from thirty cows, and one two-year-old cow from forty cows, and took nothing from less than that, and said: I have not heard anything from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) regarding this matter, so I will ask him. But the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away before Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) could come.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : أَحْسَنُ مَا سَمِعْتُ فِيمَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ غَنَمٌ عَلَى رَاعِيَيْنِ مُفْتَرِقَيْنِ ، أَوْ عَلَى رِعَاءٍ مُفْتَرِقِينَ فِي بُلْدَانٍ شَتَّى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ يُجْمَعُ كُلُّهُ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ ، فَيُؤَدِّي مِنْهُ صَدَقَتَهُ ، وَمِثْلُ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ لَهُ الذَّهَبُ أَوِ الْوَرِقُ مُتَفَرِّقَةً فِي أَيْدِي نَاسٍ شَتَّى ، إِنَّهُ يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَجْمَعَهَا فَيُخْرِجَ مِنْهَا مَا وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ زَكَاتِهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person’s goats are with two or more shepherds in different cities, he should combine all of them and give zakat collectively. Similarly, if a person’s gold and silver are with different people, he should combine all of them and give zakat collectively.
وَقَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك فِي الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ الضَّأْنُ وَالْمَعْزُ : أَنَّهَا تُجْمَعُ عَلَيْهِ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ فَإِنْ كَانَ فِيهَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ صُدِّقَتْ ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا هِيَ غَنَمٌ كُلُّهَا وَفِي كِتَابِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ وَفِي سَائِمَةِ الْغَنَمِ إِذَا بَلَغَتْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً شَاةٌ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person has both sheep and goats, then all will be counted together; if it reaches the required nisab, zakat will be obligatory, because sheep are included in the count of goats. And it is mentioned in the book of Sayyiduna Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him: For grazing goats, one goat is due for every forty.
قَالَ مَالِك : فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الضَّأْنُ هِيَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْمَعْزِ وَلَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَى رَبِّهَا إِلَّا شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ ، أَخَذَ الْمُصَدِّقُ تِلْكَ الشَّاةَ الَّتِي وَجَبَتْ عَلَى رَبِّ الْمَالِ مِنَ الضَّأْنِ ، وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْمَعْزُ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الضَّأْنِ أُخِذَ مِنْهَا ، فَإِنِ اسْتَوَى الضَّأْنُ وَالْمَعْزُ أَخَذَ الشَّاةَ مِنْ أَيَّتِهِمَا شَاءَ
So if the sheep are more and the goats are fewer, and one head of zakat is obligatory on the owner, then a sheep should be taken. And if the goats are more and the sheep are fewer, then a goat should be taken. If the sheep and goats are equal, then the zakat collector has the choice to take whichever one head he wishes from them.
قَالَ مَالِك : وَكَذَلِكَ الْبَقَرُ وَالْجَوَامِيسُ تُجْمَعُ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ عَلَى رَبِّهَا ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا هِيَ بَقَرٌ كُلُّهَا فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْبَقَرُ هِيَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْجَوَامِيسِ وَلَا تَجِبُ عَلَى رَبِّهَا إِلَّا بَقَرَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنَ الْبَقَرِ صَدَقَتَهُمَا ، وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْجَوَامِيسُ أَكْثَرَ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْهَا فَإِنِ اسْتَوَتْ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْ أَيَّتِهِمَا شَاءَ ، فَإِذَا وَجَبَتْ فِي ذَلِكَ الصَّدَقَةُ صُدِّقَ الصِّنْفَانِ جَمِيعًا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In the same way, cows and buffaloes are both of the same kind; their zakat should be taken together. However, if there are more cows and fewer buffaloes, and one head is obligatory on the owner, then a cow should be taken. If there are more buffaloes, then a buffalo should be taken. If both are equal, then there is a choice to take from whichever one wishes. And if both cows and buffaloes are each in the amount of nisab, then zakat should be taken from both.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : مَنْ أَفَادَ مَاشِيَةً مِنْ إِبِلٍ أَوْ بَقَرٍ أَوْ غَنَمٍ فَلَا صَدَقَةَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهَا حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَوْلُ مِنْ يَوْمَ أَفَادَهَا ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ قَبْلَهَا نِصَابُ مَاشِيَةٍ ، وَالنِّصَابُ مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ إِمَّا خَمْسُ ذَوْدٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ ، وَإِمَّا ثَلَاثُونَ بَقَرَةً ، وَإِمَّا أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً ، فَإِذَا كَانَ لِلرَّجُلِ خَمْسُ ذَوْدٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ أَوْ ثَلَاثُونَ بَقَرَةً أَوْ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً ، ثُمَّ أَفَادَ إِلَيْهَا إِبِلًا أَوْ بَقَرًا أَوْ غَنَمًا بِاشْتِرَاءٍ أَوْ هِبَةٍ أَوْ مِيرَاثٍ ، فَإِنَّهُ يُصَدِّقُهَا مَعَ مَاشِيَتِهِ حِينَ يُصَدِّقُهَا ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَحُلْ عَلَى الْفَائِدَةِ الْحَوْلُ وَإِنْ كَانَ مَا أَفَادَ مِنَ الْمَاشِيَةِ إِلَى مَاشِيَتِهِ ، قَدْ صُدِّقَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَهَا بِيَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ أَوْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَرِثَهَا بِيَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ ، فَإِنَّهُ يُصَدِّقُهَا مَعَ مَاشِيَتِهِ حِينَ يُصَدِّقُ مَاشِيَتَهُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Whoever acquires animals—camels, cows, or goats—there is no zakat on them until a year has passed from the day he acquired those animals. However, if he already possesses animals equal to the nisab, such as five camels, thirty cows, or forty goats, and then acquires more camels or goats, whether by purchase, gift, or inheritance, he should give zakat for them along with his previous animals, even if a year has not passed over these latter animals. But if he acquires these animals after having already given zakat for the previous ones, then he does not give zakat for them now; rather, in the coming year, when he gives zakat for the earlier animals, he will also give zakat for these along with them.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : وَإِنَّمَا مَثَلُ ذَلِكَ مَثَلُ الْوَرِقِ يُزَكِّيهَا الرَّجُلُ ثُمَّ يَشْتَرِي بِهَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ آخَرَ عَرْضًا ، وَقَدْ وَجَبَتْ عَلَيْهِ فِي عَرْضِهِ ذَلِكَ إِذَا بَاعَهُ الصَّدَقَةُ فَيُخْرِجُ الرَّجُلُ الْآخَرُ صَدَقَتَهَا هَذَا الْيَوْمَ ، وَيَكُونُ الْآخَرُ قَدْ صَدَّقَهَا مِنَ الْغَدِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Its example is like that of silver; a person gave its zakat and bought some goods in exchange for it. Now, was zakat also obligatory on the one who sold the goods? He then gave zakat on that silver, so the buyer gave zakat today and the seller gave zakat tomorrow.
قَالَ مَالِك : فِي رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ لَهُ غَنَمٌ لَا تَجِبُ فِيهَا الصَّدَقَةُ ، فَاشْتَرَى إِلَيْهَا غَنَمًا كَثِيرَةً تَجِبُ فِي دُونِهَا الصَّدَقَةُ أَوْ وَرِثَهَا ، أَنَّهُ لَا تَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْغَنَمِ كُلِّهَا الصَّدَقَةُ حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَوْلُ مِنْ يَوْمَ أَفَادَهَا بِاشْتِرَاءٍ أَوْ مِيرَاثٍ ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ كُلَّ مَا كَانَ عِنْدَ الرَّجُلِ مِنْ مَاشِيَةٍ لَا تَجِبُ فِيهَا الصَّدَقَةُ مِنْ إِبِلٍ أَوْ بَقَرٍ أَوْ غَنَمٍ ، فَلَيْسَ يُعَدُّ ذَلِكَ نِصَابَ مَالٍ حَتَّى يَكُونَ فِي كُلِّ صِنْفٍ مِنْهَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ ، فَذَلِكَ النِّصَابُ الَّذِي يُصَدِّقُ مَعَهُ مَا أَفَادَ إِلَيْهِ صَاحِبُهُ مِنْ قَلِيلٍ أَوْ كَثِيرٍ مِنَ الْمَاشِيَةِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person has less than the nisab of goats, then he buys more goats or inherits some, so that they become more than the nisab, then zakat will not be obligatory upon him until a year has passed from the date of purchase or inheritance. The reason for this is that when a person has such a number of animals—camels, cows, or goats—in which there is no zakat, then this will not be counted as nisab until the number of each type of animal reaches the nisab. If the amount reaches the nisab, then whatever animals of that type are added to it, zakat will have to be given on them along with that nisab, whether these animals are few or many.
قَالَ مَالِك : وَلَوْ كَانَتْ لِرَجُلٍ إِبِلٌ أَوْ بَقَرٌ أَوْ غَنَمٌ تَجِبُ فِي كُلِّ صِنْفٍ مِنْهَا الصَّدَقَةُ ، ثُمَّ أَفَادَ إِلَيْهَا بَعِيرًا أَوْ بَقَرَةً أَوْ شَاةً صَدَّقَهَا مَعَ مَاشِيَتِهِ حِينَ يُصَدِّقُهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person possesses camels, cows, or goats according to the prescribed nisab, and then acquires new income, he must pay zakat on the new income together with the nisab that he already possesses.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : وَهَذَا أَحَبُّ مَا سَمِعْتُ إِلَيَّ فِي هَذَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
قَالَ مَالِك فِي الْفَرِيضَةِ تَجِبُ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ فَلَا تُوجَدُ عِنْدَهُ : أَنَّهَا إِنْ كَانَتِ ابْنَةَ مَخَاضٍ فَلَمْ تُوجَدْ ، أُخِذَ مَكَانَهَا ابْنُ لَبُونٍ ذَكَرٌ ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ بِنْتَ لَبُونٍ أَوْ حِقَّةً أَوْ جَذَعَةً وَلَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ ، كَانَ عَلَى رَبِّ الْإِبِلِ أَنْ يَبْتَاعَهَا لَهُ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَهُ بِهَا ، وَلَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُ قِيمَتَهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If the type of animal that is obligatory upon someone for Zakat is not available from his possession, for example, if a one-year-old she-camel is obligatory and it is not available, then a two-year-old camel should be taken. And if a two-year-old, three-year-old, or four-year-old she-camel is obligatory and it is not available, then he should buy and give it. And in my view, giving the price is not preferable.
وَقَالَ مَالِك فِي الْإِبِلِ النَّوَاضِحِ وَالْبَقَرِ السَّوَانِي وَبَقَرِ الْحَرْثِ : إِنِّي أَرَى أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ إِذَا وَجَبَتْ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Camels that draw water, or oxen that pull the yoke or plough the field—if they reach the amount of nisab, then zakat is obligatory on them.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي الْخَلِيطَيْنِ إِذَا كَانَ الرَّاعِي وَاحِدًا ، وَالْفَحْلُ وَاحِدًا ، وَالْمُرَاحُ وَاحِدًا ، وَالدَّلْوُ وَاحِدًا : فَالرَّجُلَانِ خَلِيطَانِ. وَإِنْ عَرَفَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَالَهُ مِنْ مَالِ صَاحِبِهِ. قَالَ : وَالَّذِي لَا يَعْرِفُ مَالَهُ مِنْ مَالِ صَاحِبِهِ لَيْسَ بِخَلِيطٍ. إِنَّمَا هُوَ شَرِيكٌ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَلَا تَجِبُ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَى الْخَلِيطَيْنِ حَتَّى يَكُونَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If two men are partners in animals in such a way that there is one shepherd, one male animal, one place for the animals to stay, and one bucket for watering, then those two men will be called "khalitan" (mixed partners), if each of them recognizes his own property. And whoever cannot distinguish his property from the property of the other, they will be called "sharikan" (partners).
وَتَفْسِيرُ ذَلِكَ ، أَنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ لِأَحَدِ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً فَصَاعِدًا ، وَلِلْآخَرِ أَقَلُّ مِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً، كَانَتِ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَى الَّذِي لَهُ الْأَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً. وَلَمْ تَكُنْ عَلَى الَّذِي لَهُ أَقَلُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ، صَدَقَةٌ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Zakat is not obligatory on partners until each one’s wealth reaches the amount of nisab. Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The explanation of this issue is that, for example, if one partner has forty goats or more and the other partner has less than forty, then zakat is obligatory on the one who has forty or more, and zakat is not obligatory on the one who has less than forty.
فَإِنْ كَانَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ جُمِعَا فِي الصَّدَقَةِ. وَوَجَبَتِ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَيْهِمَا جَمِيعًا. فَإِنْ كَانَ لِأَحَدِهِمَا أَلْفُ شَاةٍ ، أَوْ أَقَلُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، مِمَّا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ. وَلِلْآخَرِ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً أَوْ أَكْثَرُ ، فَهُمَا خَلِيطَانِ يَتَرَادَّانِ الْفَضْلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بِالسَّوِيَّةِ. عَلَى قَدْرِ عَدَدِ أَمْوَالِهِمَا ، عَلَى الْأَلْفِ بِحِصَّتِهَا ، وَعَلَى الْأَرْبَعِينَ بِحِصَّتِهَا.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If each partner's goats reach the nisab, then zakat will be taken from both collectively. And if one partner has a thousand goats or less, and the other has forty goats or more, then both are considered partners; any excess will be adjusted between them according to their respective shares. The share of zakat will be according to the thousand goats, and the share will be according to the forty goats.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : الْخَلِيطَانِ فِي الْإِبِلِ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ فِي الْغَنَمِ. يَجْتَمِعَانِ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ جَمِيعًا ، إِذَا كَانَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ. وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : ” لَيْسَ فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسِ ذَوْدٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ صَدَقَةٌ.“ وقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ : فِي سَائِمَةِ الْغَنَمِ إِذَا بَلَغَتْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً ، شَاةٌ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَهَذَا أَحَبُّ مَا سَمِعْتُ إِلَيَّ فِي ذَلِكَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The ruling of mixed camels is like the ruling of mixed goats; zakat will be taken collectively from both. When each has camels equal to the nisab, because the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "There is no zakat in less than five camels." And Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said that when the grazing goats reach forty, then one goat (is due as zakat).
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ ، وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ خَشْيَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ. أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يَعْنِي بِذَلِكَ أَصْحَابَ الْمَوَاشِي
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: And Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said that separate properties should not be combined, nor should combined properties be separated, out of fear of zakat. This ruling is for the owners of livestock.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَتَفْسِيرُ قَوْلِهِ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ : أَنْ يَكُونَ النَّفَرُ الثَّلَاثَةُ الَّذِينَ يَكُونُ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً ، قَدْ وَجَبَتْ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ فِي غَنَمِهِ الصَّدَقَةُ ، فَإِذَا أَظَلَّهُمُ الْمُصَدِّقُ جَمَعُوهَا ، لِئَلَّا يَكُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهَا إِلَّا شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ. فَنُهُوا عَنْ ذَلِكَ ¤ وَتَفْسِيرُ قَوْلِهِ : وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ أَنَّ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ يَكُونُ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِائَةُ شَاةٍ وَشَاةٌ ، فَيَكُونُ عَلَيْهِمَا فِيهَا ثَلَاثُ شِيَاةٍ. فَإِذَا أَظَلَّهُمَا الْمُصَدِّقُ ، فَرَّقَا غَنَمَهُمَا ، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا إِلَّا شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ. فَنُهِيَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ. فَقِيلَ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ ، وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ. خَشْيَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ. ¤ قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فَهَذَا الَّذِي سَمِعْتُ فِي ذَلِكَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The explanation of this statement is that, for example, three men each had forty sheep, so one sheep was obligatory on each of them. When the zakat collector came, those three combined their sheep so that only one sheep would have to be given; this act is prohibited. And, for example, if each of the partners has one hundred and one sheep, then together they have two hundred and two sheep, and three sheep become obligatory from them. When the zakat collector came, both of them separated their sheep so that only one sheep would be obligatory on each; this act is also prohibited. Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: And this is what I have heard regarding this matter.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : وَكَذَلِكَ الْإِبِلُ الْعِرَابُ وَالْبُخْتُ يُجْمَعَانِ عَلَى رَبِّهِمَا فِي الصَّدَقَةِ ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا هِيَ إِبِلٌ كُلُّهَا فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْعِرَابُ هِيَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْبُخْتِ ، وَلَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَى رَبِّهَا إِلَّا بَعِيرٌ وَاحِدٌ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنَ الْعِرَابِ صَدَقَتَهَا ، فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْبُخْتُ أَكْثَرَ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْهَا فَإِنِ اسْتَوَتْ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْ أَيَّتِهِمَا شَاءَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Similarly, zakat will be taken by combining both the Arabian and Bactrian camels, because both types of camels are included in the category of camels. If there are more Arabian camels and a muhaar (a young she-camel) is obligatory on the owner, then an Arabian camel will be taken. If there are more Bactrian camels, then a Bactrian camel will be taken. If both are equal in number, then there is a choice to take from whichever type is preferred.
Hadith 673
حَدَّثَنِي حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى ، عَنْ مَالِك ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ الْمَكِّيِّ ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ الْيَمَانِيِّ ، أَنَّ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ أَخَذَ مِنْ ثَلَاثِينَ بَقَرَةً تَبِيعًا وَمِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ بَقَرَةً مُسِنَّةً ، وَأُتِيَ بِمَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ فَأَبَى أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا ، وَقَالَ : " لَمْ أَسْمَعْ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِيهِ شَيْئًا حَتَّى أَلْقَاهُ فَأَسْأَلَهُ " ، فَتُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْدُمَ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ
It is narrated from Tawus Yamani that Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) took one-year-old cow from thirty cows, and one two-year-old cow from forty cows, and took nothing from less than that, and said: I have not heard anything from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) regarding this matter, so I will ask him. But the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away before Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) could come.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : أَحْسَنُ مَا سَمِعْتُ فِيمَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ غَنَمٌ عَلَى رَاعِيَيْنِ مُفْتَرِقَيْنِ ، أَوْ عَلَى رِعَاءٍ مُفْتَرِقِينَ فِي بُلْدَانٍ شَتَّى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ يُجْمَعُ كُلُّهُ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ ، فَيُؤَدِّي مِنْهُ صَدَقَتَهُ ، وَمِثْلُ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ لَهُ الذَّهَبُ أَوِ الْوَرِقُ مُتَفَرِّقَةً فِي أَيْدِي نَاسٍ شَتَّى ، إِنَّهُ يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَجْمَعَهَا فَيُخْرِجَ مِنْهَا مَا وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ زَكَاتِهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person’s goats are with two or more shepherds in different cities, he should combine all of them and give zakat collectively. Similarly, if a person’s gold and silver are with different people, he should combine all of them and give zakat collectively.
وَقَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك فِي الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ الضَّأْنُ وَالْمَعْزُ : أَنَّهَا تُجْمَعُ عَلَيْهِ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ فَإِنْ كَانَ فِيهَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ صُدِّقَتْ ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا هِيَ غَنَمٌ كُلُّهَا وَفِي كِتَابِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ وَفِي سَائِمَةِ الْغَنَمِ إِذَا بَلَغَتْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً شَاةٌ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person has both sheep and goats, then all will be counted together; if it reaches the required nisab, zakat will be obligatory, because sheep are included in the count of goats. And it is mentioned in the book of Sayyiduna Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him: For grazing goats, one goat is due for every forty.
قَالَ مَالِك : فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الضَّأْنُ هِيَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْمَعْزِ وَلَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَى رَبِّهَا إِلَّا شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ ، أَخَذَ الْمُصَدِّقُ تِلْكَ الشَّاةَ الَّتِي وَجَبَتْ عَلَى رَبِّ الْمَالِ مِنَ الضَّأْنِ ، وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْمَعْزُ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الضَّأْنِ أُخِذَ مِنْهَا ، فَإِنِ اسْتَوَى الضَّأْنُ وَالْمَعْزُ أَخَذَ الشَّاةَ مِنْ أَيَّتِهِمَا شَاءَ
So if the sheep are more and the goats are fewer, and one head of zakat is obligatory on the owner, then a sheep should be taken. And if the goats are more and the sheep are fewer, then a goat should be taken. If the sheep and goats are equal, then the zakat collector has the choice to take whichever one head he wishes from them.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : وَكَذَلِكَ الْإِبِلُ الْعِرَابُ وَالْبُخْتُ يُجْمَعَانِ عَلَى رَبِّهِمَا فِي الصَّدَقَةِ ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا هِيَ إِبِلٌ كُلُّهَا فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْعِرَابُ هِيَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْبُخْتِ ، وَلَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَى رَبِّهَا إِلَّا بَعِيرٌ وَاحِدٌ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنَ الْعِرَابِ صَدَقَتَهَا ، فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْبُخْتُ أَكْثَرَ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْهَا فَإِنِ اسْتَوَتْ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْ أَيَّتِهِمَا شَاءَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Similarly, zakat will be taken by combining both the Arabian and Bactrian camels, because both types of camels are included in the category of camels. If there are more Arabian camels and a muhaar (a young she-camel) is obligatory on the owner, then an Arabian camel will be taken. If there are more Bactrian camels, then a Bactrian camel will be taken. If both are equal in number, then there is a choice to take from whichever type is preferred.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : مَنْ أَفَادَ مَاشِيَةً مِنْ إِبِلٍ أَوْ بَقَرٍ أَوْ غَنَمٍ فَلَا صَدَقَةَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهَا حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَوْلُ مِنْ يَوْمَ أَفَادَهَا ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ قَبْلَهَا نِصَابُ مَاشِيَةٍ ، وَالنِّصَابُ مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ إِمَّا خَمْسُ ذَوْدٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ ، وَإِمَّا ثَلَاثُونَ بَقَرَةً ، وَإِمَّا أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً ، فَإِذَا كَانَ لِلرَّجُلِ خَمْسُ ذَوْدٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ أَوْ ثَلَاثُونَ بَقَرَةً أَوْ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً ، ثُمَّ أَفَادَ إِلَيْهَا إِبِلًا أَوْ بَقَرًا أَوْ غَنَمًا بِاشْتِرَاءٍ أَوْ هِبَةٍ أَوْ مِيرَاثٍ ، فَإِنَّهُ يُصَدِّقُهَا مَعَ مَاشِيَتِهِ حِينَ يُصَدِّقُهَا ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَحُلْ عَلَى الْفَائِدَةِ الْحَوْلُ وَإِنْ كَانَ مَا أَفَادَ مِنَ الْمَاشِيَةِ إِلَى مَاشِيَتِهِ ، قَدْ صُدِّقَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَهَا بِيَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ أَوْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَرِثَهَا بِيَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ ، فَإِنَّهُ يُصَدِّقُهَا مَعَ مَاشِيَتِهِ حِينَ يُصَدِّقُ مَاشِيَتَهُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Whoever acquires animals—camels, cows, or goats—there is no zakat on them until a year has passed from the day he acquired those animals. However, if he already possesses animals equal to the nisab, such as five camels, thirty cows, or forty goats, and then acquires more camels or goats, whether by purchase, gift, or inheritance, he should give zakat for them along with his previous animals, even if a year has not passed over these latter animals. But if he acquires these animals after having already given zakat for the previous ones, then he does not give zakat for them now; rather, in the coming year, when he gives zakat for the earlier animals, he will also give zakat for these along with them.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : وَإِنَّمَا مَثَلُ ذَلِكَ مَثَلُ الْوَرِقِ يُزَكِّيهَا الرَّجُلُ ثُمَّ يَشْتَرِي بِهَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ آخَرَ عَرْضًا ، وَقَدْ وَجَبَتْ عَلَيْهِ فِي عَرْضِهِ ذَلِكَ إِذَا بَاعَهُ الصَّدَقَةُ فَيُخْرِجُ الرَّجُلُ الْآخَرُ صَدَقَتَهَا هَذَا الْيَوْمَ ، وَيَكُونُ الْآخَرُ قَدْ صَدَّقَهَا مِنَ الْغَدِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Its example is like that of silver; a person gave its zakat and bought some goods in exchange for it. Now, was zakat also obligatory on the one who sold the goods? He then gave zakat on that silver, so the buyer gave zakat today and the seller gave zakat tomorrow.
قَالَ مَالِك : فِي رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ لَهُ غَنَمٌ لَا تَجِبُ فِيهَا الصَّدَقَةُ ، فَاشْتَرَى إِلَيْهَا غَنَمًا كَثِيرَةً تَجِبُ فِي دُونِهَا الصَّدَقَةُ أَوْ وَرِثَهَا ، أَنَّهُ لَا تَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْغَنَمِ كُلِّهَا الصَّدَقَةُ حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَوْلُ مِنْ يَوْمَ أَفَادَهَا بِاشْتِرَاءٍ أَوْ مِيرَاثٍ ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ كُلَّ مَا كَانَ عِنْدَ الرَّجُلِ مِنْ مَاشِيَةٍ لَا تَجِبُ فِيهَا الصَّدَقَةُ مِنْ إِبِلٍ أَوْ بَقَرٍ أَوْ غَنَمٍ ، فَلَيْسَ يُعَدُّ ذَلِكَ نِصَابَ مَالٍ حَتَّى يَكُونَ فِي كُلِّ صِنْفٍ مِنْهَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ ، فَذَلِكَ النِّصَابُ الَّذِي يُصَدِّقُ مَعَهُ مَا أَفَادَ إِلَيْهِ صَاحِبُهُ مِنْ قَلِيلٍ أَوْ كَثِيرٍ مِنَ الْمَاشِيَةِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person has less than the nisab of goats, then he buys more goats or inherits some, so that they become more than the nisab, then zakat will not be obligatory upon him until a year has passed from the date of purchase or inheritance. The reason for this is that when a person has such a number of animals—camels, cows, or goats—in which there is no zakat, then this will not be counted as nisab until the number of each type of animal reaches the nisab. If the amount reaches the nisab, then whatever animals of that type are added to it, zakat will have to be given on them along with that nisab, whether these animals are few or many.
قَالَ مَالِك : وَلَوْ كَانَتْ لِرَجُلٍ إِبِلٌ أَوْ بَقَرٌ أَوْ غَنَمٌ تَجِبُ فِي كُلِّ صِنْفٍ مِنْهَا الصَّدَقَةُ ، ثُمَّ أَفَادَ إِلَيْهَا بَعِيرًا أَوْ بَقَرَةً أَوْ شَاةً صَدَّقَهَا مَعَ مَاشِيَتِهِ حِينَ يُصَدِّقُهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person possesses camels, cows, or goats according to the prescribed nisab, and then acquires new income, he must pay zakat on the new income together with the nisab that he already possesses.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : وَهَذَا أَحَبُّ مَا سَمِعْتُ إِلَيَّ فِي هَذَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
قَالَ مَالِك فِي الْفَرِيضَةِ تَجِبُ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ فَلَا تُوجَدُ عِنْدَهُ : أَنَّهَا إِنْ كَانَتِ ابْنَةَ مَخَاضٍ فَلَمْ تُوجَدْ ، أُخِذَ مَكَانَهَا ابْنُ لَبُونٍ ذَكَرٌ ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ بِنْتَ لَبُونٍ أَوْ حِقَّةً أَوْ جَذَعَةً وَلَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ ، كَانَ عَلَى رَبِّ الْإِبِلِ أَنْ يَبْتَاعَهَا لَهُ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَهُ بِهَا ، وَلَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُ قِيمَتَهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If the type of animal that is obligatory upon someone for Zakat is not available from his possession, for example, if a one-year-old she-camel is obligatory and it is not available, then a two-year-old camel should be taken. And if a two-year-old, three-year-old, or four-year-old she-camel is obligatory and it is not available, then he should buy and give it. And in my view, giving the price is not preferable.
وَقَالَ مَالِك فِي الْإِبِلِ النَّوَاضِحِ وَالْبَقَرِ السَّوَانِي وَبَقَرِ الْحَرْثِ : إِنِّي أَرَى أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ إِذَا وَجَبَتْ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Camels that draw water, or oxen that pull the yoke or plough the field—if they reach the amount of nisab, then zakat is obligatory on them.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي الْخَلِيطَيْنِ إِذَا كَانَ الرَّاعِي وَاحِدًا ، وَالْفَحْلُ وَاحِدًا ، وَالْمُرَاحُ وَاحِدًا ، وَالدَّلْوُ وَاحِدًا : فَالرَّجُلَانِ خَلِيطَانِ. وَإِنْ عَرَفَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَالَهُ مِنْ مَالِ صَاحِبِهِ. قَالَ : وَالَّذِي لَا يَعْرِفُ مَالَهُ مِنْ مَالِ صَاحِبِهِ لَيْسَ بِخَلِيطٍ. إِنَّمَا هُوَ شَرِيكٌ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَلَا تَجِبُ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَى الْخَلِيطَيْنِ حَتَّى يَكُونَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If two men are partners in animals in such a way that there is one shepherd, one male animal, one place for the animals to stay, and one bucket for watering, then those two men will be called "khalitan" (mixed partners), if each of them recognizes his own property. And whoever cannot distinguish his property from the property of the other, they will be called "sharikan" (partners).
وَتَفْسِيرُ ذَلِكَ ، أَنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ لِأَحَدِ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً فَصَاعِدًا ، وَلِلْآخَرِ أَقَلُّ مِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً، كَانَتِ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَى الَّذِي لَهُ الْأَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً. وَلَمْ تَكُنْ عَلَى الَّذِي لَهُ أَقَلُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ، صَدَقَةٌ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Zakat is not obligatory on partners until each one’s wealth reaches the amount of nisab. Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The explanation of this issue is that, for example, if one partner has forty goats or more and the other partner has less than forty, then zakat is obligatory on the one who has forty or more, and zakat is not obligatory on the one who has less than forty.
فَإِنْ كَانَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ جُمِعَا فِي الصَّدَقَةِ. وَوَجَبَتِ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَيْهِمَا جَمِيعًا. فَإِنْ كَانَ لِأَحَدِهِمَا أَلْفُ شَاةٍ ، أَوْ أَقَلُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، مِمَّا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ. وَلِلْآخَرِ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً أَوْ أَكْثَرُ ، فَهُمَا خَلِيطَانِ يَتَرَادَّانِ الْفَضْلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بِالسَّوِيَّةِ. عَلَى قَدْرِ عَدَدِ أَمْوَالِهِمَا ، عَلَى الْأَلْفِ بِحِصَّتِهَا ، وَعَلَى الْأَرْبَعِينَ بِحِصَّتِهَا.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If each partner's goats reach the nisab, then zakat will be taken from both collectively. And if one partner has a thousand goats or less, and the other has forty goats or more, then both are considered partners; any excess will be adjusted between them according to their respective shares. The share of zakat will be according to the thousand goats, and the share will be according to the forty goats.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : الْخَلِيطَانِ فِي الْإِبِلِ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ فِي الْغَنَمِ. يَجْتَمِعَانِ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ جَمِيعًا ، إِذَا كَانَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ. وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : ” لَيْسَ فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسِ ذَوْدٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ صَدَقَةٌ.“ وقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ : فِي سَائِمَةِ الْغَنَمِ إِذَا بَلَغَتْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً ، شَاةٌ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَهَذَا أَحَبُّ مَا سَمِعْتُ إِلَيَّ فِي ذَلِكَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The ruling of mixed camels is like the ruling of mixed goats; zakat will be taken collectively from both. When each has camels equal to the nisab, because the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "There is no zakat in less than five camels." And Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said that when the grazing goats reach forty, then one goat (is due as zakat).
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ ، وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ خَشْيَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ. أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يَعْنِي بِذَلِكَ أَصْحَابَ الْمَوَاشِي
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: And Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said that separate properties should not be combined, nor should combined properties be separated, out of fear of zakat. This ruling is for the owners of livestock.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَتَفْسِيرُ قَوْلِهِ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ : أَنْ يَكُونَ النَّفَرُ الثَّلَاثَةُ الَّذِينَ يَكُونُ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً ، قَدْ وَجَبَتْ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ فِي غَنَمِهِ الصَّدَقَةُ ، فَإِذَا أَظَلَّهُمُ الْمُصَدِّقُ جَمَعُوهَا ، لِئَلَّا يَكُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهَا إِلَّا شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ. فَنُهُوا عَنْ ذَلِكَ ¤ وَتَفْسِيرُ قَوْلِهِ : وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ أَنَّ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ يَكُونُ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِائَةُ شَاةٍ وَشَاةٌ ، فَيَكُونُ عَلَيْهِمَا فِيهَا ثَلَاثُ شِيَاةٍ. فَإِذَا أَظَلَّهُمَا الْمُصَدِّقُ ، فَرَّقَا غَنَمَهُمَا ، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا إِلَّا شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ. فَنُهِيَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ. فَقِيلَ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ ، وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ. خَشْيَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ. ¤ قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فَهَذَا الَّذِي سَمِعْتُ فِي ذَلِكَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The explanation of this statement is that, for example, three men each had forty sheep, so one sheep was obligatory on each of them. When the zakat collector came, those three combined their sheep so that only one sheep would have to be given; this act is prohibited. And, for example, if each of the partners has one hundred and one sheep, then together they have two hundred and two sheep, and three sheep become obligatory from them. When the zakat collector came, both of them separated their sheep so that only one sheep would be obligatory on each; this act is also prohibited. Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: And this is what I have heard regarding this matter.
قَالَ مَالِك : وَكَذَلِكَ الْبَقَرُ وَالْجَوَامِيسُ تُجْمَعُ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ عَلَى رَبِّهَا ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا هِيَ بَقَرٌ كُلُّهَا فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْبَقَرُ هِيَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْجَوَامِيسِ وَلَا تَجِبُ عَلَى رَبِّهَا إِلَّا بَقَرَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنَ الْبَقَرِ صَدَقَتَهُمَا ، وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْجَوَامِيسُ أَكْثَرَ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْهَا فَإِنِ اسْتَوَتْ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْ أَيَّتِهِمَا شَاءَ ، فَإِذَا وَجَبَتْ فِي ذَلِكَ الصَّدَقَةُ صُدِّقَ الصِّنْفَانِ جَمِيعًا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In the same way, cows and buffaloes are both of the same kind; their zakat should be taken together. However, if there are more cows and fewer buffaloes, and one head is obligatory on the owner, then a cow should be taken. If there are more buffaloes, then a buffalo should be taken. If both are equal, then there is a choice to take from whichever one wishes. And if both cows and buffaloes are each in the amount of nisab, then zakat should be taken from both.
Hadith 673
حَدَّثَنِي حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى ، عَنْ مَالِك ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ الْمَكِّيِّ ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ الْيَمَانِيِّ ، أَنَّ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ أَخَذَ مِنْ ثَلَاثِينَ بَقَرَةً تَبِيعًا وَمِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ بَقَرَةً مُسِنَّةً ، وَأُتِيَ بِمَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ فَأَبَى أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا ، وَقَالَ : " لَمْ أَسْمَعْ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِيهِ شَيْئًا حَتَّى أَلْقَاهُ فَأَسْأَلَهُ " ، فَتُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْدُمَ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ
It is narrated from Tawus Yamani that Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) took one-year-old cow from thirty cows, and one two-year-old cow from forty cows, and took nothing from less than that, and said: I have not heard anything from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) regarding this matter, so I will ask him. But the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away before Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) could come.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : أَحْسَنُ مَا سَمِعْتُ فِيمَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ غَنَمٌ عَلَى رَاعِيَيْنِ مُفْتَرِقَيْنِ ، أَوْ عَلَى رِعَاءٍ مُفْتَرِقِينَ فِي بُلْدَانٍ شَتَّى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ يُجْمَعُ كُلُّهُ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ ، فَيُؤَدِّي مِنْهُ صَدَقَتَهُ ، وَمِثْلُ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ لَهُ الذَّهَبُ أَوِ الْوَرِقُ مُتَفَرِّقَةً فِي أَيْدِي نَاسٍ شَتَّى ، إِنَّهُ يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَجْمَعَهَا فَيُخْرِجَ مِنْهَا مَا وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ زَكَاتِهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person’s goats are with two or more shepherds in different cities, he should combine all of them and give zakat collectively. Similarly, if a person’s gold and silver are with different people, he should combine all of them and give zakat collectively.
وَقَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك فِي الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ الضَّأْنُ وَالْمَعْزُ : أَنَّهَا تُجْمَعُ عَلَيْهِ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ فَإِنْ كَانَ فِيهَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ صُدِّقَتْ ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا هِيَ غَنَمٌ كُلُّهَا وَفِي كِتَابِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ وَفِي سَائِمَةِ الْغَنَمِ إِذَا بَلَغَتْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً شَاةٌ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person has both sheep and goats, then all will be counted together; if it reaches the required nisab, zakat will be obligatory, because sheep are included in the count of goats. And it is mentioned in the book of Sayyiduna Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him: For grazing goats, one goat is due for every forty.
قَالَ مَالِك : فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الضَّأْنُ هِيَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْمَعْزِ وَلَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَى رَبِّهَا إِلَّا شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ ، أَخَذَ الْمُصَدِّقُ تِلْكَ الشَّاةَ الَّتِي وَجَبَتْ عَلَى رَبِّ الْمَالِ مِنَ الضَّأْنِ ، وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْمَعْزُ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الضَّأْنِ أُخِذَ مِنْهَا ، فَإِنِ اسْتَوَى الضَّأْنُ وَالْمَعْزُ أَخَذَ الشَّاةَ مِنْ أَيَّتِهِمَا شَاءَ
So if the sheep are more and the goats are fewer, and one head of zakat is obligatory on the owner, then a sheep should be taken. And if the goats are more and the sheep are fewer, then a goat should be taken. If the sheep and goats are equal, then the zakat collector has the choice to take whichever one head he wishes from them.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : وَكَذَلِكَ الْإِبِلُ الْعِرَابُ وَالْبُخْتُ يُجْمَعَانِ عَلَى رَبِّهِمَا فِي الصَّدَقَةِ ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا هِيَ إِبِلٌ كُلُّهَا فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْعِرَابُ هِيَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْبُخْتِ ، وَلَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَى رَبِّهَا إِلَّا بَعِيرٌ وَاحِدٌ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنَ الْعِرَابِ صَدَقَتَهَا ، فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْبُخْتُ أَكْثَرَ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْهَا فَإِنِ اسْتَوَتْ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْ أَيَّتِهِمَا شَاءَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Similarly, zakat will be taken by combining both the Arabian and Bactrian camels, because both types of camels are included in the category of camels. If there are more Arabian camels and a muhaar (a young she-camel) is obligatory on the owner, then an Arabian camel will be taken. If there are more Bactrian camels, then a Bactrian camel will be taken. If both are equal in number, then there is a choice to take from whichever type is preferred.
قَالَ مَالِك : وَكَذَلِكَ الْبَقَرُ وَالْجَوَامِيسُ تُجْمَعُ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ عَلَى رَبِّهَا ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا هِيَ بَقَرٌ كُلُّهَا فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْبَقَرُ هِيَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْجَوَامِيسِ وَلَا تَجِبُ عَلَى رَبِّهَا إِلَّا بَقَرَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنَ الْبَقَرِ صَدَقَتَهُمَا ، وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْجَوَامِيسُ أَكْثَرَ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْهَا فَإِنِ اسْتَوَتْ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْ أَيَّتِهِمَا شَاءَ ، فَإِذَا وَجَبَتْ فِي ذَلِكَ الصَّدَقَةُ صُدِّقَ الصِّنْفَانِ جَمِيعًا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In the same way, cows and buffaloes are both of the same kind; their zakat should be taken together. However, if there are more cows and fewer buffaloes, and one head is obligatory on the owner, then a cow should be taken. If there are more buffaloes, then a buffalo should be taken. If both are equal, then there is a choice to take from whichever one wishes. And if both cows and buffaloes are each in the amount of nisab, then zakat should be taken from both.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : وَإِنَّمَا مَثَلُ ذَلِكَ مَثَلُ الْوَرِقِ يُزَكِّيهَا الرَّجُلُ ثُمَّ يَشْتَرِي بِهَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ آخَرَ عَرْضًا ، وَقَدْ وَجَبَتْ عَلَيْهِ فِي عَرْضِهِ ذَلِكَ إِذَا بَاعَهُ الصَّدَقَةُ فَيُخْرِجُ الرَّجُلُ الْآخَرُ صَدَقَتَهَا هَذَا الْيَوْمَ ، وَيَكُونُ الْآخَرُ قَدْ صَدَّقَهَا مِنَ الْغَدِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Its example is like that of silver; a person gave its zakat and bought some goods in exchange for it. Now, was zakat also obligatory on the one who sold the goods? He then gave zakat on that silver, so the buyer gave zakat today and the seller gave zakat tomorrow.
قَالَ مَالِك : فِي رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ لَهُ غَنَمٌ لَا تَجِبُ فِيهَا الصَّدَقَةُ ، فَاشْتَرَى إِلَيْهَا غَنَمًا كَثِيرَةً تَجِبُ فِي دُونِهَا الصَّدَقَةُ أَوْ وَرِثَهَا ، أَنَّهُ لَا تَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْغَنَمِ كُلِّهَا الصَّدَقَةُ حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَوْلُ مِنْ يَوْمَ أَفَادَهَا بِاشْتِرَاءٍ أَوْ مِيرَاثٍ ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ كُلَّ مَا كَانَ عِنْدَ الرَّجُلِ مِنْ مَاشِيَةٍ لَا تَجِبُ فِيهَا الصَّدَقَةُ مِنْ إِبِلٍ أَوْ بَقَرٍ أَوْ غَنَمٍ ، فَلَيْسَ يُعَدُّ ذَلِكَ نِصَابَ مَالٍ حَتَّى يَكُونَ فِي كُلِّ صِنْفٍ مِنْهَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ ، فَذَلِكَ النِّصَابُ الَّذِي يُصَدِّقُ مَعَهُ مَا أَفَادَ إِلَيْهِ صَاحِبُهُ مِنْ قَلِيلٍ أَوْ كَثِيرٍ مِنَ الْمَاشِيَةِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person has less than the nisab of goats, then he buys more goats or inherits some, so that they become more than the nisab, then zakat will not be obligatory upon him until a year has passed from the date of purchase or inheritance. The reason for this is that when a person has such a number of animals—camels, cows, or goats—in which there is no zakat, then this will not be counted as nisab until the number of each type of animal reaches the nisab. If the amount reaches the nisab, then whatever animals of that type are added to it, zakat will have to be given on them along with that nisab, whether these animals are few or many.
قَالَ مَالِك : وَلَوْ كَانَتْ لِرَجُلٍ إِبِلٌ أَوْ بَقَرٌ أَوْ غَنَمٌ تَجِبُ فِي كُلِّ صِنْفٍ مِنْهَا الصَّدَقَةُ ، ثُمَّ أَفَادَ إِلَيْهَا بَعِيرًا أَوْ بَقَرَةً أَوْ شَاةً صَدَّقَهَا مَعَ مَاشِيَتِهِ حِينَ يُصَدِّقُهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person possesses camels, cows, or goats according to the prescribed nisab, and then acquires new income, he must pay zakat on the new income together with the nisab that he already possesses.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : وَهَذَا أَحَبُّ مَا سَمِعْتُ إِلَيَّ فِي هَذَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
قَالَ مَالِك فِي الْفَرِيضَةِ تَجِبُ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ فَلَا تُوجَدُ عِنْدَهُ : أَنَّهَا إِنْ كَانَتِ ابْنَةَ مَخَاضٍ فَلَمْ تُوجَدْ ، أُخِذَ مَكَانَهَا ابْنُ لَبُونٍ ذَكَرٌ ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ بِنْتَ لَبُونٍ أَوْ حِقَّةً أَوْ جَذَعَةً وَلَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ ، كَانَ عَلَى رَبِّ الْإِبِلِ أَنْ يَبْتَاعَهَا لَهُ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَهُ بِهَا ، وَلَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُ قِيمَتَهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If the type of animal that is obligatory upon someone for Zakat is not available from his possession, for example, if a one-year-old she-camel is obligatory and it is not available, then a two-year-old camel should be taken. And if a two-year-old, three-year-old, or four-year-old she-camel is obligatory and it is not available, then he should buy and give it. And in my view, giving the price is not preferable.
وَقَالَ مَالِك فِي الْإِبِلِ النَّوَاضِحِ وَالْبَقَرِ السَّوَانِي وَبَقَرِ الْحَرْثِ : إِنِّي أَرَى أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ إِذَا وَجَبَتْ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Camels that draw water, or oxen that pull the yoke or plough the field—if they reach the amount of nisab, then zakat is obligatory on them.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي الْخَلِيطَيْنِ إِذَا كَانَ الرَّاعِي وَاحِدًا ، وَالْفَحْلُ وَاحِدًا ، وَالْمُرَاحُ وَاحِدًا ، وَالدَّلْوُ وَاحِدًا : فَالرَّجُلَانِ خَلِيطَانِ. وَإِنْ عَرَفَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَالَهُ مِنْ مَالِ صَاحِبِهِ. قَالَ : وَالَّذِي لَا يَعْرِفُ مَالَهُ مِنْ مَالِ صَاحِبِهِ لَيْسَ بِخَلِيطٍ. إِنَّمَا هُوَ شَرِيكٌ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَلَا تَجِبُ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَى الْخَلِيطَيْنِ حَتَّى يَكُونَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If two men are partners in animals in such a way that there is one shepherd, one male animal, one place for the animals to stay, and one bucket for watering, then those two men will be called "khalitan" (mixed partners), if each of them recognizes his own property. And whoever cannot distinguish his property from the property of the other, they will be called "sharikan" (partners).
وَتَفْسِيرُ ذَلِكَ ، أَنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ لِأَحَدِ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً فَصَاعِدًا ، وَلِلْآخَرِ أَقَلُّ مِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً، كَانَتِ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَى الَّذِي لَهُ الْأَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً. وَلَمْ تَكُنْ عَلَى الَّذِي لَهُ أَقَلُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ، صَدَقَةٌ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Zakat is not obligatory on partners until each one’s wealth reaches the amount of nisab. Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The explanation of this issue is that, for example, if one partner has forty goats or more and the other partner has less than forty, then zakat is obligatory on the one who has forty or more, and zakat is not obligatory on the one who has less than forty.
فَإِنْ كَانَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ جُمِعَا فِي الصَّدَقَةِ. وَوَجَبَتِ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَيْهِمَا جَمِيعًا. فَإِنْ كَانَ لِأَحَدِهِمَا أَلْفُ شَاةٍ ، أَوْ أَقَلُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، مِمَّا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ. وَلِلْآخَرِ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً أَوْ أَكْثَرُ ، فَهُمَا خَلِيطَانِ يَتَرَادَّانِ الْفَضْلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بِالسَّوِيَّةِ. عَلَى قَدْرِ عَدَدِ أَمْوَالِهِمَا ، عَلَى الْأَلْفِ بِحِصَّتِهَا ، وَعَلَى الْأَرْبَعِينَ بِحِصَّتِهَا.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If each partner's goats reach the nisab, then zakat will be taken from both collectively. And if one partner has a thousand goats or less, and the other has forty goats or more, then both are considered partners; any excess will be adjusted between them according to their respective shares. The share of zakat will be according to the thousand goats, and the share will be according to the forty goats.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : الْخَلِيطَانِ فِي الْإِبِلِ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ فِي الْغَنَمِ. يَجْتَمِعَانِ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ جَمِيعًا ، إِذَا كَانَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ. وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : ” لَيْسَ فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسِ ذَوْدٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ صَدَقَةٌ.“ وقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ : فِي سَائِمَةِ الْغَنَمِ إِذَا بَلَغَتْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً ، شَاةٌ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَهَذَا أَحَبُّ مَا سَمِعْتُ إِلَيَّ فِي ذَلِكَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The ruling of mixed camels is like the ruling of mixed goats; zakat will be taken collectively from both. When each has camels equal to the nisab, because the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "There is no zakat in less than five camels." And Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said that when the grazing goats reach forty, then one goat (is due as zakat).
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ ، وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ خَشْيَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ. أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يَعْنِي بِذَلِكَ أَصْحَابَ الْمَوَاشِي
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: And Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said that separate properties should not be combined, nor should combined properties be separated, out of fear of zakat. This ruling is for the owners of livestock.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَتَفْسِيرُ قَوْلِهِ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ : أَنْ يَكُونَ النَّفَرُ الثَّلَاثَةُ الَّذِينَ يَكُونُ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً ، قَدْ وَجَبَتْ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ فِي غَنَمِهِ الصَّدَقَةُ ، فَإِذَا أَظَلَّهُمُ الْمُصَدِّقُ جَمَعُوهَا ، لِئَلَّا يَكُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهَا إِلَّا شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ. فَنُهُوا عَنْ ذَلِكَ ¤ وَتَفْسِيرُ قَوْلِهِ : وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ أَنَّ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ يَكُونُ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِائَةُ شَاةٍ وَشَاةٌ ، فَيَكُونُ عَلَيْهِمَا فِيهَا ثَلَاثُ شِيَاةٍ. فَإِذَا أَظَلَّهُمَا الْمُصَدِّقُ ، فَرَّقَا غَنَمَهُمَا ، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا إِلَّا شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ. فَنُهِيَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ. فَقِيلَ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ ، وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ. خَشْيَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ. ¤ قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فَهَذَا الَّذِي سَمِعْتُ فِي ذَلِكَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The explanation of this statement is that, for example, three men each had forty sheep, so one sheep was obligatory on each of them. When the zakat collector came, those three combined their sheep so that only one sheep would have to be given; this act is prohibited. And, for example, if each of the partners has one hundred and one sheep, then together they have two hundred and two sheep, and three sheep become obligatory from them. When the zakat collector came, both of them separated their sheep so that only one sheep would be obligatory on each; this act is also prohibited. Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: And this is what I have heard regarding this matter.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : مَنْ أَفَادَ مَاشِيَةً مِنْ إِبِلٍ أَوْ بَقَرٍ أَوْ غَنَمٍ فَلَا صَدَقَةَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهَا حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَوْلُ مِنْ يَوْمَ أَفَادَهَا ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ قَبْلَهَا نِصَابُ مَاشِيَةٍ ، وَالنِّصَابُ مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ إِمَّا خَمْسُ ذَوْدٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ ، وَإِمَّا ثَلَاثُونَ بَقَرَةً ، وَإِمَّا أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً ، فَإِذَا كَانَ لِلرَّجُلِ خَمْسُ ذَوْدٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ أَوْ ثَلَاثُونَ بَقَرَةً أَوْ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً ، ثُمَّ أَفَادَ إِلَيْهَا إِبِلًا أَوْ بَقَرًا أَوْ غَنَمًا بِاشْتِرَاءٍ أَوْ هِبَةٍ أَوْ مِيرَاثٍ ، فَإِنَّهُ يُصَدِّقُهَا مَعَ مَاشِيَتِهِ حِينَ يُصَدِّقُهَا ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَحُلْ عَلَى الْفَائِدَةِ الْحَوْلُ وَإِنْ كَانَ مَا أَفَادَ مِنَ الْمَاشِيَةِ إِلَى مَاشِيَتِهِ ، قَدْ صُدِّقَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَهَا بِيَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ أَوْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَرِثَهَا بِيَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ ، فَإِنَّهُ يُصَدِّقُهَا مَعَ مَاشِيَتِهِ حِينَ يُصَدِّقُ مَاشِيَتَهُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Whoever acquires animals—camels, cows, or goats—there is no zakat on them until a year has passed from the day he acquired those animals. However, if he already possesses animals equal to the nisab, such as five camels, thirty cows, or forty goats, and then acquires more camels or goats, whether by purchase, gift, or inheritance, he should give zakat for them along with his previous animals, even if a year has not passed over these latter animals. But if he acquires these animals after having already given zakat for the previous ones, then he does not give zakat for them now; rather, in the coming year, when he gives zakat for the earlier animals, he will also give zakat for these along with them.
Hadith 673
حَدَّثَنِي حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى ، عَنْ مَالِك ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ الْمَكِّيِّ ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ الْيَمَانِيِّ ، أَنَّ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ أَخَذَ مِنْ ثَلَاثِينَ بَقَرَةً تَبِيعًا وَمِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ بَقَرَةً مُسِنَّةً ، وَأُتِيَ بِمَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ فَأَبَى أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا ، وَقَالَ : " لَمْ أَسْمَعْ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِيهِ شَيْئًا حَتَّى أَلْقَاهُ فَأَسْأَلَهُ " ، فَتُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْدُمَ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ
It is narrated from Tawus Yamani that Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) took one-year-old cow from thirty cows, and one two-year-old cow from forty cows, and took nothing from less than that, and said: I have not heard anything from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) regarding this matter, so I will ask him. But the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away before Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) could come.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : أَحْسَنُ مَا سَمِعْتُ فِيمَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ غَنَمٌ عَلَى رَاعِيَيْنِ مُفْتَرِقَيْنِ ، أَوْ عَلَى رِعَاءٍ مُفْتَرِقِينَ فِي بُلْدَانٍ شَتَّى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ يُجْمَعُ كُلُّهُ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ ، فَيُؤَدِّي مِنْهُ صَدَقَتَهُ ، وَمِثْلُ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ لَهُ الذَّهَبُ أَوِ الْوَرِقُ مُتَفَرِّقَةً فِي أَيْدِي نَاسٍ شَتَّى ، إِنَّهُ يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَجْمَعَهَا فَيُخْرِجَ مِنْهَا مَا وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ زَكَاتِهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person’s goats are with two or more shepherds in different cities, he should combine all of them and give zakat collectively. Similarly, if a person’s gold and silver are with different people, he should combine all of them and give zakat collectively.
وَقَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك فِي الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ الضَّأْنُ وَالْمَعْزُ : أَنَّهَا تُجْمَعُ عَلَيْهِ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ فَإِنْ كَانَ فِيهَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ صُدِّقَتْ ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا هِيَ غَنَمٌ كُلُّهَا وَفِي كِتَابِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ وَفِي سَائِمَةِ الْغَنَمِ إِذَا بَلَغَتْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً شَاةٌ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person has both sheep and goats, then all will be counted together; if it reaches the required nisab, zakat will be obligatory, because sheep are included in the count of goats. And it is mentioned in the book of Sayyiduna Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him: For grazing goats, one goat is due for every forty.
قَالَ مَالِك : فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الضَّأْنُ هِيَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْمَعْزِ وَلَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَى رَبِّهَا إِلَّا شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ ، أَخَذَ الْمُصَدِّقُ تِلْكَ الشَّاةَ الَّتِي وَجَبَتْ عَلَى رَبِّ الْمَالِ مِنَ الضَّأْنِ ، وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْمَعْزُ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الضَّأْنِ أُخِذَ مِنْهَا ، فَإِنِ اسْتَوَى الضَّأْنُ وَالْمَعْزُ أَخَذَ الشَّاةَ مِنْ أَيَّتِهِمَا شَاءَ
So if the sheep are more and the goats are fewer, and one head of zakat is obligatory on the owner, then a sheep should be taken. And if the goats are more and the sheep are fewer, then a goat should be taken. If the sheep and goats are equal, then the zakat collector has the choice to take whichever one head he wishes from them.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : وَكَذَلِكَ الْإِبِلُ الْعِرَابُ وَالْبُخْتُ يُجْمَعَانِ عَلَى رَبِّهِمَا فِي الصَّدَقَةِ ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا هِيَ إِبِلٌ كُلُّهَا فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْعِرَابُ هِيَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْبُخْتِ ، وَلَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَى رَبِّهَا إِلَّا بَعِيرٌ وَاحِدٌ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنَ الْعِرَابِ صَدَقَتَهَا ، فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْبُخْتُ أَكْثَرَ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْهَا فَإِنِ اسْتَوَتْ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْ أَيَّتِهِمَا شَاءَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Similarly, zakat will be taken by combining both the Arabian and Bactrian camels, because both types of camels are included in the category of camels. If there are more Arabian camels and a muhaar (a young she-camel) is obligatory on the owner, then an Arabian camel will be taken. If there are more Bactrian camels, then a Bactrian camel will be taken. If both are equal in number, then there is a choice to take from whichever type is preferred.
قَالَ مَالِك : وَكَذَلِكَ الْبَقَرُ وَالْجَوَامِيسُ تُجْمَعُ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ عَلَى رَبِّهَا ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا هِيَ بَقَرٌ كُلُّهَا فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْبَقَرُ هِيَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْجَوَامِيسِ وَلَا تَجِبُ عَلَى رَبِّهَا إِلَّا بَقَرَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنَ الْبَقَرِ صَدَقَتَهُمَا ، وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْجَوَامِيسُ أَكْثَرَ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْهَا فَإِنِ اسْتَوَتْ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْ أَيَّتِهِمَا شَاءَ ، فَإِذَا وَجَبَتْ فِي ذَلِكَ الصَّدَقَةُ صُدِّقَ الصِّنْفَانِ جَمِيعًا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In the same way, cows and buffaloes are both of the same kind; their zakat should be taken together. However, if there are more cows and fewer buffaloes, and one head is obligatory on the owner, then a cow should be taken. If there are more buffaloes, then a buffalo should be taken. If both are equal, then there is a choice to take from whichever one wishes. And if both cows and buffaloes are each in the amount of nisab, then zakat should be taken from both.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : مَنْ أَفَادَ مَاشِيَةً مِنْ إِبِلٍ أَوْ بَقَرٍ أَوْ غَنَمٍ فَلَا صَدَقَةَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهَا حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَوْلُ مِنْ يَوْمَ أَفَادَهَا ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ قَبْلَهَا نِصَابُ مَاشِيَةٍ ، وَالنِّصَابُ مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ إِمَّا خَمْسُ ذَوْدٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ ، وَإِمَّا ثَلَاثُونَ بَقَرَةً ، وَإِمَّا أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً ، فَإِذَا كَانَ لِلرَّجُلِ خَمْسُ ذَوْدٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ أَوْ ثَلَاثُونَ بَقَرَةً أَوْ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً ، ثُمَّ أَفَادَ إِلَيْهَا إِبِلًا أَوْ بَقَرًا أَوْ غَنَمًا بِاشْتِرَاءٍ أَوْ هِبَةٍ أَوْ مِيرَاثٍ ، فَإِنَّهُ يُصَدِّقُهَا مَعَ مَاشِيَتِهِ حِينَ يُصَدِّقُهَا ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَحُلْ عَلَى الْفَائِدَةِ الْحَوْلُ وَإِنْ كَانَ مَا أَفَادَ مِنَ الْمَاشِيَةِ إِلَى مَاشِيَتِهِ ، قَدْ صُدِّقَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَهَا بِيَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ أَوْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَرِثَهَا بِيَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ ، فَإِنَّهُ يُصَدِّقُهَا مَعَ مَاشِيَتِهِ حِينَ يُصَدِّقُ مَاشِيَتَهُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Whoever acquires animals—camels, cows, or goats—there is no zakat on them until a year has passed from the day he acquired those animals. However, if he already possesses animals equal to the nisab, such as five camels, thirty cows, or forty goats, and then acquires more camels or goats, whether by purchase, gift, or inheritance, he should give zakat for them along with his previous animals, even if a year has not passed over these latter animals. But if he acquires these animals after having already given zakat for the previous ones, then he does not give zakat for them now; rather, in the coming year, when he gives zakat for the earlier animals, he will also give zakat for these along with them.
قَالَ مَالِك : فِي رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ لَهُ غَنَمٌ لَا تَجِبُ فِيهَا الصَّدَقَةُ ، فَاشْتَرَى إِلَيْهَا غَنَمًا كَثِيرَةً تَجِبُ فِي دُونِهَا الصَّدَقَةُ أَوْ وَرِثَهَا ، أَنَّهُ لَا تَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْغَنَمِ كُلِّهَا الصَّدَقَةُ حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَوْلُ مِنْ يَوْمَ أَفَادَهَا بِاشْتِرَاءٍ أَوْ مِيرَاثٍ ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ كُلَّ مَا كَانَ عِنْدَ الرَّجُلِ مِنْ مَاشِيَةٍ لَا تَجِبُ فِيهَا الصَّدَقَةُ مِنْ إِبِلٍ أَوْ بَقَرٍ أَوْ غَنَمٍ ، فَلَيْسَ يُعَدُّ ذَلِكَ نِصَابَ مَالٍ حَتَّى يَكُونَ فِي كُلِّ صِنْفٍ مِنْهَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ ، فَذَلِكَ النِّصَابُ الَّذِي يُصَدِّقُ مَعَهُ مَا أَفَادَ إِلَيْهِ صَاحِبُهُ مِنْ قَلِيلٍ أَوْ كَثِيرٍ مِنَ الْمَاشِيَةِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person has less than the nisab of goats, then he buys more goats or inherits some, so that they become more than the nisab, then zakat will not be obligatory upon him until a year has passed from the date of purchase or inheritance. The reason for this is that when a person has such a number of animals—camels, cows, or goats—in which there is no zakat, then this will not be counted as nisab until the number of each type of animal reaches the nisab. If the amount reaches the nisab, then whatever animals of that type are added to it, zakat will have to be given on them along with that nisab, whether these animals are few or many.
قَالَ مَالِك : وَلَوْ كَانَتْ لِرَجُلٍ إِبِلٌ أَوْ بَقَرٌ أَوْ غَنَمٌ تَجِبُ فِي كُلِّ صِنْفٍ مِنْهَا الصَّدَقَةُ ، ثُمَّ أَفَادَ إِلَيْهَا بَعِيرًا أَوْ بَقَرَةً أَوْ شَاةً صَدَّقَهَا مَعَ مَاشِيَتِهِ حِينَ يُصَدِّقُهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person possesses camels, cows, or goats according to the prescribed nisab, and then acquires new income, he must pay zakat on the new income together with the nisab that he already possesses.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : وَهَذَا أَحَبُّ مَا سَمِعْتُ إِلَيَّ فِي هَذَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
قَالَ مَالِك فِي الْفَرِيضَةِ تَجِبُ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ فَلَا تُوجَدُ عِنْدَهُ : أَنَّهَا إِنْ كَانَتِ ابْنَةَ مَخَاضٍ فَلَمْ تُوجَدْ ، أُخِذَ مَكَانَهَا ابْنُ لَبُونٍ ذَكَرٌ ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ بِنْتَ لَبُونٍ أَوْ حِقَّةً أَوْ جَذَعَةً وَلَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ ، كَانَ عَلَى رَبِّ الْإِبِلِ أَنْ يَبْتَاعَهَا لَهُ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَهُ بِهَا ، وَلَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُ قِيمَتَهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If the type of animal that is obligatory upon someone for Zakat is not available from his possession, for example, if a one-year-old she-camel is obligatory and it is not available, then a two-year-old camel should be taken. And if a two-year-old, three-year-old, or four-year-old she-camel is obligatory and it is not available, then he should buy and give it. And in my view, giving the price is not preferable.
وَقَالَ مَالِك فِي الْإِبِلِ النَّوَاضِحِ وَالْبَقَرِ السَّوَانِي وَبَقَرِ الْحَرْثِ : إِنِّي أَرَى أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ إِذَا وَجَبَتْ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Camels that draw water, or oxen that pull the yoke or plough the field—if they reach the amount of nisab, then zakat is obligatory on them.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي الْخَلِيطَيْنِ إِذَا كَانَ الرَّاعِي وَاحِدًا ، وَالْفَحْلُ وَاحِدًا ، وَالْمُرَاحُ وَاحِدًا ، وَالدَّلْوُ وَاحِدًا : فَالرَّجُلَانِ خَلِيطَانِ. وَإِنْ عَرَفَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَالَهُ مِنْ مَالِ صَاحِبِهِ. قَالَ : وَالَّذِي لَا يَعْرِفُ مَالَهُ مِنْ مَالِ صَاحِبِهِ لَيْسَ بِخَلِيطٍ. إِنَّمَا هُوَ شَرِيكٌ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَلَا تَجِبُ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَى الْخَلِيطَيْنِ حَتَّى يَكُونَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If two men are partners in animals in such a way that there is one shepherd, one male animal, one place for the animals to stay, and one bucket for watering, then those two men will be called "khalitan" (mixed partners), if each of them recognizes his own property. And whoever cannot distinguish his property from the property of the other, they will be called "sharikan" (partners).
وَتَفْسِيرُ ذَلِكَ ، أَنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ لِأَحَدِ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً فَصَاعِدًا ، وَلِلْآخَرِ أَقَلُّ مِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً، كَانَتِ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَى الَّذِي لَهُ الْأَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً. وَلَمْ تَكُنْ عَلَى الَّذِي لَهُ أَقَلُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ، صَدَقَةٌ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Zakat is not obligatory on partners until each one’s wealth reaches the amount of nisab. Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The explanation of this issue is that, for example, if one partner has forty goats or more and the other partner has less than forty, then zakat is obligatory on the one who has forty or more, and zakat is not obligatory on the one who has less than forty.
فَإِنْ كَانَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ جُمِعَا فِي الصَّدَقَةِ. وَوَجَبَتِ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَيْهِمَا جَمِيعًا. فَإِنْ كَانَ لِأَحَدِهِمَا أَلْفُ شَاةٍ ، أَوْ أَقَلُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، مِمَّا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ. وَلِلْآخَرِ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً أَوْ أَكْثَرُ ، فَهُمَا خَلِيطَانِ يَتَرَادَّانِ الْفَضْلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بِالسَّوِيَّةِ. عَلَى قَدْرِ عَدَدِ أَمْوَالِهِمَا ، عَلَى الْأَلْفِ بِحِصَّتِهَا ، وَعَلَى الْأَرْبَعِينَ بِحِصَّتِهَا.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If each partner's goats reach the nisab, then zakat will be taken from both collectively. And if one partner has a thousand goats or less, and the other has forty goats or more, then both are considered partners; any excess will be adjusted between them according to their respective shares. The share of zakat will be according to the thousand goats, and the share will be according to the forty goats.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : الْخَلِيطَانِ فِي الْإِبِلِ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ فِي الْغَنَمِ. يَجْتَمِعَانِ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ جَمِيعًا ، إِذَا كَانَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ. وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : ” لَيْسَ فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسِ ذَوْدٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ صَدَقَةٌ.“ وقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ : فِي سَائِمَةِ الْغَنَمِ إِذَا بَلَغَتْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً ، شَاةٌ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَهَذَا أَحَبُّ مَا سَمِعْتُ إِلَيَّ فِي ذَلِكَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The ruling of mixed camels is like the ruling of mixed goats; zakat will be taken collectively from both. When each has camels equal to the nisab, because the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "There is no zakat in less than five camels." And Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said that when the grazing goats reach forty, then one goat (is due as zakat).
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ ، وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ خَشْيَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ. أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يَعْنِي بِذَلِكَ أَصْحَابَ الْمَوَاشِي
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: And Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said that separate properties should not be combined, nor should combined properties be separated, out of fear of zakat. This ruling is for the owners of livestock.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَتَفْسِيرُ قَوْلِهِ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ : أَنْ يَكُونَ النَّفَرُ الثَّلَاثَةُ الَّذِينَ يَكُونُ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً ، قَدْ وَجَبَتْ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ فِي غَنَمِهِ الصَّدَقَةُ ، فَإِذَا أَظَلَّهُمُ الْمُصَدِّقُ جَمَعُوهَا ، لِئَلَّا يَكُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهَا إِلَّا شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ. فَنُهُوا عَنْ ذَلِكَ ¤ وَتَفْسِيرُ قَوْلِهِ : وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ أَنَّ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ يَكُونُ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِائَةُ شَاةٍ وَشَاةٌ ، فَيَكُونُ عَلَيْهِمَا فِيهَا ثَلَاثُ شِيَاةٍ. فَإِذَا أَظَلَّهُمَا الْمُصَدِّقُ ، فَرَّقَا غَنَمَهُمَا ، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا إِلَّا شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ. فَنُهِيَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ. فَقِيلَ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ ، وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ. خَشْيَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ. ¤ قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فَهَذَا الَّذِي سَمِعْتُ فِي ذَلِكَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The explanation of this statement is that, for example, three men each had forty sheep, so one sheep was obligatory on each of them. When the zakat collector came, those three combined their sheep so that only one sheep would have to be given; this act is prohibited. And, for example, if each of the partners has one hundred and one sheep, then together they have two hundred and two sheep, and three sheep become obligatory from them. When the zakat collector came, both of them separated their sheep so that only one sheep would be obligatory on each; this act is also prohibited. Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: And this is what I have heard regarding this matter.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : وَإِنَّمَا مَثَلُ ذَلِكَ مَثَلُ الْوَرِقِ يُزَكِّيهَا الرَّجُلُ ثُمَّ يَشْتَرِي بِهَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ آخَرَ عَرْضًا ، وَقَدْ وَجَبَتْ عَلَيْهِ فِي عَرْضِهِ ذَلِكَ إِذَا بَاعَهُ الصَّدَقَةُ فَيُخْرِجُ الرَّجُلُ الْآخَرُ صَدَقَتَهَا هَذَا الْيَوْمَ ، وَيَكُونُ الْآخَرُ قَدْ صَدَّقَهَا مِنَ الْغَدِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Its example is like that of silver; a person gave its zakat and bought some goods in exchange for it. Now, was zakat also obligatory on the one who sold the goods? He then gave zakat on that silver, so the buyer gave zakat today and the seller gave zakat tomorrow.
Hadith 673
حَدَّثَنِي حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى ، عَنْ مَالِك ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ الْمَكِّيِّ ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ الْيَمَانِيِّ ، أَنَّ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ أَخَذَ مِنْ ثَلَاثِينَ بَقَرَةً تَبِيعًا وَمِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ بَقَرَةً مُسِنَّةً ، وَأُتِيَ بِمَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ فَأَبَى أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا ، وَقَالَ : " لَمْ أَسْمَعْ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِيهِ شَيْئًا حَتَّى أَلْقَاهُ فَأَسْأَلَهُ " ، فَتُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْدُمَ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ
It is narrated from Tawus Yamani that Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) took one-year-old cow from thirty cows, and one two-year-old cow from forty cows, and took nothing from less than that, and said: I have not heard anything from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) regarding this matter, so I will ask him. But the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away before Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) could come.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : أَحْسَنُ مَا سَمِعْتُ فِيمَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ غَنَمٌ عَلَى رَاعِيَيْنِ مُفْتَرِقَيْنِ ، أَوْ عَلَى رِعَاءٍ مُفْتَرِقِينَ فِي بُلْدَانٍ شَتَّى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ يُجْمَعُ كُلُّهُ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ ، فَيُؤَدِّي مِنْهُ صَدَقَتَهُ ، وَمِثْلُ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ لَهُ الذَّهَبُ أَوِ الْوَرِقُ مُتَفَرِّقَةً فِي أَيْدِي نَاسٍ شَتَّى ، إِنَّهُ يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَجْمَعَهَا فَيُخْرِجَ مِنْهَا مَا وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ زَكَاتِهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person’s goats are with two or more shepherds in different cities, he should combine all of them and give zakat collectively. Similarly, if a person’s gold and silver are with different people, he should combine all of them and give zakat collectively.
وَقَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك فِي الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ الضَّأْنُ وَالْمَعْزُ : أَنَّهَا تُجْمَعُ عَلَيْهِ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ فَإِنْ كَانَ فِيهَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ صُدِّقَتْ ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا هِيَ غَنَمٌ كُلُّهَا وَفِي كِتَابِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ وَفِي سَائِمَةِ الْغَنَمِ إِذَا بَلَغَتْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً شَاةٌ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person has both sheep and goats, then all will be counted together; if it reaches the required nisab, zakat will be obligatory, because sheep are included in the count of goats. And it is mentioned in the book of Sayyiduna Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him: For grazing goats, one goat is due for every forty.
قَالَ مَالِك : فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الضَّأْنُ هِيَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْمَعْزِ وَلَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَى رَبِّهَا إِلَّا شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ ، أَخَذَ الْمُصَدِّقُ تِلْكَ الشَّاةَ الَّتِي وَجَبَتْ عَلَى رَبِّ الْمَالِ مِنَ الضَّأْنِ ، وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْمَعْزُ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الضَّأْنِ أُخِذَ مِنْهَا ، فَإِنِ اسْتَوَى الضَّأْنُ وَالْمَعْزُ أَخَذَ الشَّاةَ مِنْ أَيَّتِهِمَا شَاءَ
So if the sheep are more and the goats are fewer, and one head of zakat is obligatory on the owner, then a sheep should be taken. And if the goats are more and the sheep are fewer, then a goat should be taken. If the sheep and goats are equal, then the zakat collector has the choice to take whichever one head he wishes from them.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : وَكَذَلِكَ الْإِبِلُ الْعِرَابُ وَالْبُخْتُ يُجْمَعَانِ عَلَى رَبِّهِمَا فِي الصَّدَقَةِ ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا هِيَ إِبِلٌ كُلُّهَا فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْعِرَابُ هِيَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْبُخْتِ ، وَلَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَى رَبِّهَا إِلَّا بَعِيرٌ وَاحِدٌ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنَ الْعِرَابِ صَدَقَتَهَا ، فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْبُخْتُ أَكْثَرَ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْهَا فَإِنِ اسْتَوَتْ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْ أَيَّتِهِمَا شَاءَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Similarly, zakat will be taken by combining both the Arabian and Bactrian camels, because both types of camels are included in the category of camels. If there are more Arabian camels and a muhaar (a young she-camel) is obligatory on the owner, then an Arabian camel will be taken. If there are more Bactrian camels, then a Bactrian camel will be taken. If both are equal in number, then there is a choice to take from whichever type is preferred.
قَالَ مَالِك : وَكَذَلِكَ الْبَقَرُ وَالْجَوَامِيسُ تُجْمَعُ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ عَلَى رَبِّهَا ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا هِيَ بَقَرٌ كُلُّهَا فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْبَقَرُ هِيَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْجَوَامِيسِ وَلَا تَجِبُ عَلَى رَبِّهَا إِلَّا بَقَرَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنَ الْبَقَرِ صَدَقَتَهُمَا ، وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْجَوَامِيسُ أَكْثَرَ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْهَا فَإِنِ اسْتَوَتْ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْ أَيَّتِهِمَا شَاءَ ، فَإِذَا وَجَبَتْ فِي ذَلِكَ الصَّدَقَةُ صُدِّقَ الصِّنْفَانِ جَمِيعًا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In the same way, cows and buffaloes are both of the same kind; their zakat should be taken together. However, if there are more cows and fewer buffaloes, and one head is obligatory on the owner, then a cow should be taken. If there are more buffaloes, then a buffalo should be taken. If both are equal, then there is a choice to take from whichever one wishes. And if both cows and buffaloes are each in the amount of nisab, then zakat should be taken from both.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : مَنْ أَفَادَ مَاشِيَةً مِنْ إِبِلٍ أَوْ بَقَرٍ أَوْ غَنَمٍ فَلَا صَدَقَةَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهَا حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَوْلُ مِنْ يَوْمَ أَفَادَهَا ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ قَبْلَهَا نِصَابُ مَاشِيَةٍ ، وَالنِّصَابُ مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ إِمَّا خَمْسُ ذَوْدٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ ، وَإِمَّا ثَلَاثُونَ بَقَرَةً ، وَإِمَّا أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً ، فَإِذَا كَانَ لِلرَّجُلِ خَمْسُ ذَوْدٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ أَوْ ثَلَاثُونَ بَقَرَةً أَوْ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً ، ثُمَّ أَفَادَ إِلَيْهَا إِبِلًا أَوْ بَقَرًا أَوْ غَنَمًا بِاشْتِرَاءٍ أَوْ هِبَةٍ أَوْ مِيرَاثٍ ، فَإِنَّهُ يُصَدِّقُهَا مَعَ مَاشِيَتِهِ حِينَ يُصَدِّقُهَا ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَحُلْ عَلَى الْفَائِدَةِ الْحَوْلُ وَإِنْ كَانَ مَا أَفَادَ مِنَ الْمَاشِيَةِ إِلَى مَاشِيَتِهِ ، قَدْ صُدِّقَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَهَا بِيَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ أَوْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَرِثَهَا بِيَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ ، فَإِنَّهُ يُصَدِّقُهَا مَعَ مَاشِيَتِهِ حِينَ يُصَدِّقُ مَاشِيَتَهُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Whoever acquires animals—camels, cows, or goats—there is no zakat on them until a year has passed from the day he acquired those animals. However, if he already possesses animals equal to the nisab, such as five camels, thirty cows, or forty goats, and then acquires more camels or goats, whether by purchase, gift, or inheritance, he should give zakat for them along with his previous animals, even if a year has not passed over these latter animals. But if he acquires these animals after having already given zakat for the previous ones, then he does not give zakat for them now; rather, in the coming year, when he gives zakat for the earlier animals, he will also give zakat for these along with them.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : وَإِنَّمَا مَثَلُ ذَلِكَ مَثَلُ الْوَرِقِ يُزَكِّيهَا الرَّجُلُ ثُمَّ يَشْتَرِي بِهَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ آخَرَ عَرْضًا ، وَقَدْ وَجَبَتْ عَلَيْهِ فِي عَرْضِهِ ذَلِكَ إِذَا بَاعَهُ الصَّدَقَةُ فَيُخْرِجُ الرَّجُلُ الْآخَرُ صَدَقَتَهَا هَذَا الْيَوْمَ ، وَيَكُونُ الْآخَرُ قَدْ صَدَّقَهَا مِنَ الْغَدِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Its example is like that of silver; a person gave its zakat and bought some goods in exchange for it. Now, was zakat also obligatory on the one who sold the goods? He then gave zakat on that silver, so the buyer gave zakat today and the seller gave zakat tomorrow.
قَالَ مَالِك : وَلَوْ كَانَتْ لِرَجُلٍ إِبِلٌ أَوْ بَقَرٌ أَوْ غَنَمٌ تَجِبُ فِي كُلِّ صِنْفٍ مِنْهَا الصَّدَقَةُ ، ثُمَّ أَفَادَ إِلَيْهَا بَعِيرًا أَوْ بَقَرَةً أَوْ شَاةً صَدَّقَهَا مَعَ مَاشِيَتِهِ حِينَ يُصَدِّقُهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person possesses camels, cows, or goats according to the prescribed nisab, and then acquires new income, he must pay zakat on the new income together with the nisab that he already possesses.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : وَهَذَا أَحَبُّ مَا سَمِعْتُ إِلَيَّ فِي هَذَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
قَالَ مَالِك فِي الْفَرِيضَةِ تَجِبُ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ فَلَا تُوجَدُ عِنْدَهُ : أَنَّهَا إِنْ كَانَتِ ابْنَةَ مَخَاضٍ فَلَمْ تُوجَدْ ، أُخِذَ مَكَانَهَا ابْنُ لَبُونٍ ذَكَرٌ ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ بِنْتَ لَبُونٍ أَوْ حِقَّةً أَوْ جَذَعَةً وَلَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ ، كَانَ عَلَى رَبِّ الْإِبِلِ أَنْ يَبْتَاعَهَا لَهُ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَهُ بِهَا ، وَلَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُ قِيمَتَهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If the type of animal that is obligatory upon someone for Zakat is not available from his possession, for example, if a one-year-old she-camel is obligatory and it is not available, then a two-year-old camel should be taken. And if a two-year-old, three-year-old, or four-year-old she-camel is obligatory and it is not available, then he should buy and give it. And in my view, giving the price is not preferable.
وَقَالَ مَالِك فِي الْإِبِلِ النَّوَاضِحِ وَالْبَقَرِ السَّوَانِي وَبَقَرِ الْحَرْثِ : إِنِّي أَرَى أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ إِذَا وَجَبَتْ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Camels that draw water, or oxen that pull the yoke or plough the field—if they reach the amount of nisab, then zakat is obligatory on them.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي الْخَلِيطَيْنِ إِذَا كَانَ الرَّاعِي وَاحِدًا ، وَالْفَحْلُ وَاحِدًا ، وَالْمُرَاحُ وَاحِدًا ، وَالدَّلْوُ وَاحِدًا : فَالرَّجُلَانِ خَلِيطَانِ. وَإِنْ عَرَفَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَالَهُ مِنْ مَالِ صَاحِبِهِ. قَالَ : وَالَّذِي لَا يَعْرِفُ مَالَهُ مِنْ مَالِ صَاحِبِهِ لَيْسَ بِخَلِيطٍ. إِنَّمَا هُوَ شَرِيكٌ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَلَا تَجِبُ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَى الْخَلِيطَيْنِ حَتَّى يَكُونَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If two men are partners in animals in such a way that there is one shepherd, one male animal, one place for the animals to stay, and one bucket for watering, then those two men will be called "khalitan" (mixed partners), if each of them recognizes his own property. And whoever cannot distinguish his property from the property of the other, they will be called "sharikan" (partners).
وَتَفْسِيرُ ذَلِكَ ، أَنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ لِأَحَدِ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً فَصَاعِدًا ، وَلِلْآخَرِ أَقَلُّ مِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً، كَانَتِ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَى الَّذِي لَهُ الْأَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً. وَلَمْ تَكُنْ عَلَى الَّذِي لَهُ أَقَلُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ، صَدَقَةٌ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Zakat is not obligatory on partners until each one’s wealth reaches the amount of nisab. Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The explanation of this issue is that, for example, if one partner has forty goats or more and the other partner has less than forty, then zakat is obligatory on the one who has forty or more, and zakat is not obligatory on the one who has less than forty.
فَإِنْ كَانَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ جُمِعَا فِي الصَّدَقَةِ. وَوَجَبَتِ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَيْهِمَا جَمِيعًا. فَإِنْ كَانَ لِأَحَدِهِمَا أَلْفُ شَاةٍ ، أَوْ أَقَلُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، مِمَّا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ. وَلِلْآخَرِ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً أَوْ أَكْثَرُ ، فَهُمَا خَلِيطَانِ يَتَرَادَّانِ الْفَضْلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بِالسَّوِيَّةِ. عَلَى قَدْرِ عَدَدِ أَمْوَالِهِمَا ، عَلَى الْأَلْفِ بِحِصَّتِهَا ، وَعَلَى الْأَرْبَعِينَ بِحِصَّتِهَا.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If each partner's goats reach the nisab, then zakat will be taken from both collectively. And if one partner has a thousand goats or less, and the other has forty goats or more, then both are considered partners; any excess will be adjusted between them according to their respective shares. The share of zakat will be according to the thousand goats, and the share will be according to the forty goats.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : الْخَلِيطَانِ فِي الْإِبِلِ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ فِي الْغَنَمِ. يَجْتَمِعَانِ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ جَمِيعًا ، إِذَا كَانَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ. وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : ” لَيْسَ فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسِ ذَوْدٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ صَدَقَةٌ.“ وقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ : فِي سَائِمَةِ الْغَنَمِ إِذَا بَلَغَتْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً ، شَاةٌ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَهَذَا أَحَبُّ مَا سَمِعْتُ إِلَيَّ فِي ذَلِكَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The ruling of mixed camels is like the ruling of mixed goats; zakat will be taken collectively from both. When each has camels equal to the nisab, because the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "There is no zakat in less than five camels." And Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said that when the grazing goats reach forty, then one goat (is due as zakat).
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ ، وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ خَشْيَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ. أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يَعْنِي بِذَلِكَ أَصْحَابَ الْمَوَاشِي
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: And Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said that separate properties should not be combined, nor should combined properties be separated, out of fear of zakat. This ruling is for the owners of livestock.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَتَفْسِيرُ قَوْلِهِ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ : أَنْ يَكُونَ النَّفَرُ الثَّلَاثَةُ الَّذِينَ يَكُونُ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً ، قَدْ وَجَبَتْ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ فِي غَنَمِهِ الصَّدَقَةُ ، فَإِذَا أَظَلَّهُمُ الْمُصَدِّقُ جَمَعُوهَا ، لِئَلَّا يَكُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهَا إِلَّا شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ. فَنُهُوا عَنْ ذَلِكَ ¤ وَتَفْسِيرُ قَوْلِهِ : وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ أَنَّ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ يَكُونُ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِائَةُ شَاةٍ وَشَاةٌ ، فَيَكُونُ عَلَيْهِمَا فِيهَا ثَلَاثُ شِيَاةٍ. فَإِذَا أَظَلَّهُمَا الْمُصَدِّقُ ، فَرَّقَا غَنَمَهُمَا ، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا إِلَّا شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ. فَنُهِيَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ. فَقِيلَ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ ، وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ. خَشْيَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ. ¤ قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فَهَذَا الَّذِي سَمِعْتُ فِي ذَلِكَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The explanation of this statement is that, for example, three men each had forty sheep, so one sheep was obligatory on each of them. When the zakat collector came, those three combined their sheep so that only one sheep would have to be given; this act is prohibited. And, for example, if each of the partners has one hundred and one sheep, then together they have two hundred and two sheep, and three sheep become obligatory from them. When the zakat collector came, both of them separated their sheep so that only one sheep would be obligatory on each; this act is also prohibited. Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: And this is what I have heard regarding this matter.
قَالَ مَالِك : فِي رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ لَهُ غَنَمٌ لَا تَجِبُ فِيهَا الصَّدَقَةُ ، فَاشْتَرَى إِلَيْهَا غَنَمًا كَثِيرَةً تَجِبُ فِي دُونِهَا الصَّدَقَةُ أَوْ وَرِثَهَا ، أَنَّهُ لَا تَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْغَنَمِ كُلِّهَا الصَّدَقَةُ حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَوْلُ مِنْ يَوْمَ أَفَادَهَا بِاشْتِرَاءٍ أَوْ مِيرَاثٍ ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ كُلَّ مَا كَانَ عِنْدَ الرَّجُلِ مِنْ مَاشِيَةٍ لَا تَجِبُ فِيهَا الصَّدَقَةُ مِنْ إِبِلٍ أَوْ بَقَرٍ أَوْ غَنَمٍ ، فَلَيْسَ يُعَدُّ ذَلِكَ نِصَابَ مَالٍ حَتَّى يَكُونَ فِي كُلِّ صِنْفٍ مِنْهَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ ، فَذَلِكَ النِّصَابُ الَّذِي يُصَدِّقُ مَعَهُ مَا أَفَادَ إِلَيْهِ صَاحِبُهُ مِنْ قَلِيلٍ أَوْ كَثِيرٍ مِنَ الْمَاشِيَةِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person has less than the nisab of goats, then he buys more goats or inherits some, so that they become more than the nisab, then zakat will not be obligatory upon him until a year has passed from the date of purchase or inheritance. The reason for this is that when a person has such a number of animals—camels, cows, or goats—in which there is no zakat, then this will not be counted as nisab until the number of each type of animal reaches the nisab. If the amount reaches the nisab, then whatever animals of that type are added to it, zakat will have to be given on them along with that nisab, whether these animals are few or many.
Hadith 673
حَدَّثَنِي حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى ، عَنْ مَالِك ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ الْمَكِّيِّ ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ الْيَمَانِيِّ ، أَنَّ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ أَخَذَ مِنْ ثَلَاثِينَ بَقَرَةً تَبِيعًا وَمِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ بَقَرَةً مُسِنَّةً ، وَأُتِيَ بِمَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ فَأَبَى أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا ، وَقَالَ : " لَمْ أَسْمَعْ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِيهِ شَيْئًا حَتَّى أَلْقَاهُ فَأَسْأَلَهُ " ، فَتُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْدُمَ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ
It is narrated from Tawus Yamani that Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) took one-year-old cow from thirty cows, and one two-year-old cow from forty cows, and took nothing from less than that, and said: I have not heard anything from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) regarding this matter, so I will ask him. But the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away before Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) could come.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : أَحْسَنُ مَا سَمِعْتُ فِيمَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ غَنَمٌ عَلَى رَاعِيَيْنِ مُفْتَرِقَيْنِ ، أَوْ عَلَى رِعَاءٍ مُفْتَرِقِينَ فِي بُلْدَانٍ شَتَّى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ يُجْمَعُ كُلُّهُ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ ، فَيُؤَدِّي مِنْهُ صَدَقَتَهُ ، وَمِثْلُ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ لَهُ الذَّهَبُ أَوِ الْوَرِقُ مُتَفَرِّقَةً فِي أَيْدِي نَاسٍ شَتَّى ، إِنَّهُ يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَجْمَعَهَا فَيُخْرِجَ مِنْهَا مَا وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ زَكَاتِهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person’s goats are with two or more shepherds in different cities, he should combine all of them and give zakat collectively. Similarly, if a person’s gold and silver are with different people, he should combine all of them and give zakat collectively.
وَقَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك فِي الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ الضَّأْنُ وَالْمَعْزُ : أَنَّهَا تُجْمَعُ عَلَيْهِ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ فَإِنْ كَانَ فِيهَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ صُدِّقَتْ ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا هِيَ غَنَمٌ كُلُّهَا وَفِي كِتَابِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ وَفِي سَائِمَةِ الْغَنَمِ إِذَا بَلَغَتْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً شَاةٌ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person has both sheep and goats, then all will be counted together; if it reaches the required nisab, zakat will be obligatory, because sheep are included in the count of goats. And it is mentioned in the book of Sayyiduna Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him: For grazing goats, one goat is due for every forty.
قَالَ مَالِك : فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الضَّأْنُ هِيَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْمَعْزِ وَلَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَى رَبِّهَا إِلَّا شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ ، أَخَذَ الْمُصَدِّقُ تِلْكَ الشَّاةَ الَّتِي وَجَبَتْ عَلَى رَبِّ الْمَالِ مِنَ الضَّأْنِ ، وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْمَعْزُ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الضَّأْنِ أُخِذَ مِنْهَا ، فَإِنِ اسْتَوَى الضَّأْنُ وَالْمَعْزُ أَخَذَ الشَّاةَ مِنْ أَيَّتِهِمَا شَاءَ
So if the sheep are more and the goats are fewer, and one head of zakat is obligatory on the owner, then a sheep should be taken. And if the goats are more and the sheep are fewer, then a goat should be taken. If the sheep and goats are equal, then the zakat collector has the choice to take whichever one head he wishes from them.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : وَكَذَلِكَ الْإِبِلُ الْعِرَابُ وَالْبُخْتُ يُجْمَعَانِ عَلَى رَبِّهِمَا فِي الصَّدَقَةِ ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا هِيَ إِبِلٌ كُلُّهَا فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْعِرَابُ هِيَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْبُخْتِ ، وَلَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَى رَبِّهَا إِلَّا بَعِيرٌ وَاحِدٌ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنَ الْعِرَابِ صَدَقَتَهَا ، فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْبُخْتُ أَكْثَرَ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْهَا فَإِنِ اسْتَوَتْ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْ أَيَّتِهِمَا شَاءَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Similarly, zakat will be taken by combining both the Arabian and Bactrian camels, because both types of camels are included in the category of camels. If there are more Arabian camels and a muhaar (a young she-camel) is obligatory on the owner, then an Arabian camel will be taken. If there are more Bactrian camels, then a Bactrian camel will be taken. If both are equal in number, then there is a choice to take from whichever type is preferred.
قَالَ مَالِك : وَكَذَلِكَ الْبَقَرُ وَالْجَوَامِيسُ تُجْمَعُ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ عَلَى رَبِّهَا ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا هِيَ بَقَرٌ كُلُّهَا فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْبَقَرُ هِيَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْجَوَامِيسِ وَلَا تَجِبُ عَلَى رَبِّهَا إِلَّا بَقَرَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنَ الْبَقَرِ صَدَقَتَهُمَا ، وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْجَوَامِيسُ أَكْثَرَ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْهَا فَإِنِ اسْتَوَتْ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْ أَيَّتِهِمَا شَاءَ ، فَإِذَا وَجَبَتْ فِي ذَلِكَ الصَّدَقَةُ صُدِّقَ الصِّنْفَانِ جَمِيعًا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In the same way, cows and buffaloes are both of the same kind; their zakat should be taken together. However, if there are more cows and fewer buffaloes, and one head is obligatory on the owner, then a cow should be taken. If there are more buffaloes, then a buffalo should be taken. If both are equal, then there is a choice to take from whichever one wishes. And if both cows and buffaloes are each in the amount of nisab, then zakat should be taken from both.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : مَنْ أَفَادَ مَاشِيَةً مِنْ إِبِلٍ أَوْ بَقَرٍ أَوْ غَنَمٍ فَلَا صَدَقَةَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهَا حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَوْلُ مِنْ يَوْمَ أَفَادَهَا ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ قَبْلَهَا نِصَابُ مَاشِيَةٍ ، وَالنِّصَابُ مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ إِمَّا خَمْسُ ذَوْدٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ ، وَإِمَّا ثَلَاثُونَ بَقَرَةً ، وَإِمَّا أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً ، فَإِذَا كَانَ لِلرَّجُلِ خَمْسُ ذَوْدٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ أَوْ ثَلَاثُونَ بَقَرَةً أَوْ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً ، ثُمَّ أَفَادَ إِلَيْهَا إِبِلًا أَوْ بَقَرًا أَوْ غَنَمًا بِاشْتِرَاءٍ أَوْ هِبَةٍ أَوْ مِيرَاثٍ ، فَإِنَّهُ يُصَدِّقُهَا مَعَ مَاشِيَتِهِ حِينَ يُصَدِّقُهَا ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَحُلْ عَلَى الْفَائِدَةِ الْحَوْلُ وَإِنْ كَانَ مَا أَفَادَ مِنَ الْمَاشِيَةِ إِلَى مَاشِيَتِهِ ، قَدْ صُدِّقَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَهَا بِيَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ أَوْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَرِثَهَا بِيَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ ، فَإِنَّهُ يُصَدِّقُهَا مَعَ مَاشِيَتِهِ حِينَ يُصَدِّقُ مَاشِيَتَهُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Whoever acquires animals—camels, cows, or goats—there is no zakat on them until a year has passed from the day he acquired those animals. However, if he already possesses animals equal to the nisab, such as five camels, thirty cows, or forty goats, and then acquires more camels or goats, whether by purchase, gift, or inheritance, he should give zakat for them along with his previous animals, even if a year has not passed over these latter animals. But if he acquires these animals after having already given zakat for the previous ones, then he does not give zakat for them now; rather, in the coming year, when he gives zakat for the earlier animals, he will also give zakat for these along with them.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : وَإِنَّمَا مَثَلُ ذَلِكَ مَثَلُ الْوَرِقِ يُزَكِّيهَا الرَّجُلُ ثُمَّ يَشْتَرِي بِهَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ آخَرَ عَرْضًا ، وَقَدْ وَجَبَتْ عَلَيْهِ فِي عَرْضِهِ ذَلِكَ إِذَا بَاعَهُ الصَّدَقَةُ فَيُخْرِجُ الرَّجُلُ الْآخَرُ صَدَقَتَهَا هَذَا الْيَوْمَ ، وَيَكُونُ الْآخَرُ قَدْ صَدَّقَهَا مِنَ الْغَدِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Its example is like that of silver; a person gave its zakat and bought some goods in exchange for it. Now, was zakat also obligatory on the one who sold the goods? He then gave zakat on that silver, so the buyer gave zakat today and the seller gave zakat tomorrow.
قَالَ مَالِك : فِي رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ لَهُ غَنَمٌ لَا تَجِبُ فِيهَا الصَّدَقَةُ ، فَاشْتَرَى إِلَيْهَا غَنَمًا كَثِيرَةً تَجِبُ فِي دُونِهَا الصَّدَقَةُ أَوْ وَرِثَهَا ، أَنَّهُ لَا تَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْغَنَمِ كُلِّهَا الصَّدَقَةُ حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَوْلُ مِنْ يَوْمَ أَفَادَهَا بِاشْتِرَاءٍ أَوْ مِيرَاثٍ ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ كُلَّ مَا كَانَ عِنْدَ الرَّجُلِ مِنْ مَاشِيَةٍ لَا تَجِبُ فِيهَا الصَّدَقَةُ مِنْ إِبِلٍ أَوْ بَقَرٍ أَوْ غَنَمٍ ، فَلَيْسَ يُعَدُّ ذَلِكَ نِصَابَ مَالٍ حَتَّى يَكُونَ فِي كُلِّ صِنْفٍ مِنْهَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ ، فَذَلِكَ النِّصَابُ الَّذِي يُصَدِّقُ مَعَهُ مَا أَفَادَ إِلَيْهِ صَاحِبُهُ مِنْ قَلِيلٍ أَوْ كَثِيرٍ مِنَ الْمَاشِيَةِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person has less than the nisab of goats, then he buys more goats or inherits some, so that they become more than the nisab, then zakat will not be obligatory upon him until a year has passed from the date of purchase or inheritance. The reason for this is that when a person has such a number of animals—camels, cows, or goats—in which there is no zakat, then this will not be counted as nisab until the number of each type of animal reaches the nisab. If the amount reaches the nisab, then whatever animals of that type are added to it, zakat will have to be given on them along with that nisab, whether these animals are few or many.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : وَهَذَا أَحَبُّ مَا سَمِعْتُ إِلَيَّ فِي هَذَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
قَالَ مَالِك فِي الْفَرِيضَةِ تَجِبُ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ فَلَا تُوجَدُ عِنْدَهُ : أَنَّهَا إِنْ كَانَتِ ابْنَةَ مَخَاضٍ فَلَمْ تُوجَدْ ، أُخِذَ مَكَانَهَا ابْنُ لَبُونٍ ذَكَرٌ ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ بِنْتَ لَبُونٍ أَوْ حِقَّةً أَوْ جَذَعَةً وَلَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ ، كَانَ عَلَى رَبِّ الْإِبِلِ أَنْ يَبْتَاعَهَا لَهُ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَهُ بِهَا ، وَلَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُ قِيمَتَهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If the type of animal that is obligatory upon someone for Zakat is not available from his possession, for example, if a one-year-old she-camel is obligatory and it is not available, then a two-year-old camel should be taken. And if a two-year-old, three-year-old, or four-year-old she-camel is obligatory and it is not available, then he should buy and give it. And in my view, giving the price is not preferable.
وَقَالَ مَالِك فِي الْإِبِلِ النَّوَاضِحِ وَالْبَقَرِ السَّوَانِي وَبَقَرِ الْحَرْثِ : إِنِّي أَرَى أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ إِذَا وَجَبَتْ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Camels that draw water, or oxen that pull the yoke or plough the field—if they reach the amount of nisab, then zakat is obligatory on them.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي الْخَلِيطَيْنِ إِذَا كَانَ الرَّاعِي وَاحِدًا ، وَالْفَحْلُ وَاحِدًا ، وَالْمُرَاحُ وَاحِدًا ، وَالدَّلْوُ وَاحِدًا : فَالرَّجُلَانِ خَلِيطَانِ. وَإِنْ عَرَفَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَالَهُ مِنْ مَالِ صَاحِبِهِ. قَالَ : وَالَّذِي لَا يَعْرِفُ مَالَهُ مِنْ مَالِ صَاحِبِهِ لَيْسَ بِخَلِيطٍ. إِنَّمَا هُوَ شَرِيكٌ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَلَا تَجِبُ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَى الْخَلِيطَيْنِ حَتَّى يَكُونَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If two men are partners in animals in such a way that there is one shepherd, one male animal, one place for the animals to stay, and one bucket for watering, then those two men will be called "khalitan" (mixed partners), if each of them recognizes his own property. And whoever cannot distinguish his property from the property of the other, they will be called "sharikan" (partners).
وَتَفْسِيرُ ذَلِكَ ، أَنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ لِأَحَدِ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً فَصَاعِدًا ، وَلِلْآخَرِ أَقَلُّ مِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً، كَانَتِ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَى الَّذِي لَهُ الْأَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً. وَلَمْ تَكُنْ عَلَى الَّذِي لَهُ أَقَلُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ، صَدَقَةٌ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Zakat is not obligatory on partners until each one’s wealth reaches the amount of nisab. Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The explanation of this issue is that, for example, if one partner has forty goats or more and the other partner has less than forty, then zakat is obligatory on the one who has forty or more, and zakat is not obligatory on the one who has less than forty.
فَإِنْ كَانَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ جُمِعَا فِي الصَّدَقَةِ. وَوَجَبَتِ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَيْهِمَا جَمِيعًا. فَإِنْ كَانَ لِأَحَدِهِمَا أَلْفُ شَاةٍ ، أَوْ أَقَلُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، مِمَّا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ. وَلِلْآخَرِ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً أَوْ أَكْثَرُ ، فَهُمَا خَلِيطَانِ يَتَرَادَّانِ الْفَضْلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بِالسَّوِيَّةِ. عَلَى قَدْرِ عَدَدِ أَمْوَالِهِمَا ، عَلَى الْأَلْفِ بِحِصَّتِهَا ، وَعَلَى الْأَرْبَعِينَ بِحِصَّتِهَا.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If each partner's goats reach the nisab, then zakat will be taken from both collectively. And if one partner has a thousand goats or less, and the other has forty goats or more, then both are considered partners; any excess will be adjusted between them according to their respective shares. The share of zakat will be according to the thousand goats, and the share will be according to the forty goats.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : الْخَلِيطَانِ فِي الْإِبِلِ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ فِي الْغَنَمِ. يَجْتَمِعَانِ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ جَمِيعًا ، إِذَا كَانَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ. وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : ” لَيْسَ فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسِ ذَوْدٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ صَدَقَةٌ.“ وقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ : فِي سَائِمَةِ الْغَنَمِ إِذَا بَلَغَتْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً ، شَاةٌ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَهَذَا أَحَبُّ مَا سَمِعْتُ إِلَيَّ فِي ذَلِكَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The ruling of mixed camels is like the ruling of mixed goats; zakat will be taken collectively from both. When each has camels equal to the nisab, because the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "There is no zakat in less than five camels." And Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said that when the grazing goats reach forty, then one goat (is due as zakat).
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ ، وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ خَشْيَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ. أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يَعْنِي بِذَلِكَ أَصْحَابَ الْمَوَاشِي
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: And Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said that separate properties should not be combined, nor should combined properties be separated, out of fear of zakat. This ruling is for the owners of livestock.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَتَفْسِيرُ قَوْلِهِ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ : أَنْ يَكُونَ النَّفَرُ الثَّلَاثَةُ الَّذِينَ يَكُونُ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً ، قَدْ وَجَبَتْ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ فِي غَنَمِهِ الصَّدَقَةُ ، فَإِذَا أَظَلَّهُمُ الْمُصَدِّقُ جَمَعُوهَا ، لِئَلَّا يَكُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهَا إِلَّا شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ. فَنُهُوا عَنْ ذَلِكَ ¤ وَتَفْسِيرُ قَوْلِهِ : وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ أَنَّ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ يَكُونُ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِائَةُ شَاةٍ وَشَاةٌ ، فَيَكُونُ عَلَيْهِمَا فِيهَا ثَلَاثُ شِيَاةٍ. فَإِذَا أَظَلَّهُمَا الْمُصَدِّقُ ، فَرَّقَا غَنَمَهُمَا ، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا إِلَّا شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ. فَنُهِيَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ. فَقِيلَ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ ، وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ. خَشْيَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ. ¤ قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فَهَذَا الَّذِي سَمِعْتُ فِي ذَلِكَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The explanation of this statement is that, for example, three men each had forty sheep, so one sheep was obligatory on each of them. When the zakat collector came, those three combined their sheep so that only one sheep would have to be given; this act is prohibited. And, for example, if each of the partners has one hundred and one sheep, then together they have two hundred and two sheep, and three sheep become obligatory from them. When the zakat collector came, both of them separated their sheep so that only one sheep would be obligatory on each; this act is also prohibited. Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: And this is what I have heard regarding this matter.
قَالَ مَالِك : وَلَوْ كَانَتْ لِرَجُلٍ إِبِلٌ أَوْ بَقَرٌ أَوْ غَنَمٌ تَجِبُ فِي كُلِّ صِنْفٍ مِنْهَا الصَّدَقَةُ ، ثُمَّ أَفَادَ إِلَيْهَا بَعِيرًا أَوْ بَقَرَةً أَوْ شَاةً صَدَّقَهَا مَعَ مَاشِيَتِهِ حِينَ يُصَدِّقُهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person possesses camels, cows, or goats according to the prescribed nisab, and then acquires new income, he must pay zakat on the new income together with the nisab that he already possesses.
Hadith 673
حَدَّثَنِي حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى ، عَنْ مَالِك ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ الْمَكِّيِّ ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ الْيَمَانِيِّ ، أَنَّ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ أَخَذَ مِنْ ثَلَاثِينَ بَقَرَةً تَبِيعًا وَمِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ بَقَرَةً مُسِنَّةً ، وَأُتِيَ بِمَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ فَأَبَى أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا ، وَقَالَ : " لَمْ أَسْمَعْ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِيهِ شَيْئًا حَتَّى أَلْقَاهُ فَأَسْأَلَهُ " ، فَتُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْدُمَ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ
It is narrated from Tawus Yamani that Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) took one-year-old cow from thirty cows, and one two-year-old cow from forty cows, and took nothing from less than that, and said: I have not heard anything from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) regarding this matter, so I will ask him. But the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away before Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) could come.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : أَحْسَنُ مَا سَمِعْتُ فِيمَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ غَنَمٌ عَلَى رَاعِيَيْنِ مُفْتَرِقَيْنِ ، أَوْ عَلَى رِعَاءٍ مُفْتَرِقِينَ فِي بُلْدَانٍ شَتَّى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ يُجْمَعُ كُلُّهُ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ ، فَيُؤَدِّي مِنْهُ صَدَقَتَهُ ، وَمِثْلُ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ لَهُ الذَّهَبُ أَوِ الْوَرِقُ مُتَفَرِّقَةً فِي أَيْدِي نَاسٍ شَتَّى ، إِنَّهُ يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَجْمَعَهَا فَيُخْرِجَ مِنْهَا مَا وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ زَكَاتِهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person’s goats are with two or more shepherds in different cities, he should combine all of them and give zakat collectively. Similarly, if a person’s gold and silver are with different people, he should combine all of them and give zakat collectively.
وَقَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك فِي الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ الضَّأْنُ وَالْمَعْزُ : أَنَّهَا تُجْمَعُ عَلَيْهِ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ فَإِنْ كَانَ فِيهَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ صُدِّقَتْ ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا هِيَ غَنَمٌ كُلُّهَا وَفِي كِتَابِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ وَفِي سَائِمَةِ الْغَنَمِ إِذَا بَلَغَتْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً شَاةٌ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person has both sheep and goats, then all will be counted together; if it reaches the required nisab, zakat will be obligatory, because sheep are included in the count of goats. And it is mentioned in the book of Sayyiduna Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him: For grazing goats, one goat is due for every forty.
قَالَ مَالِك : فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الضَّأْنُ هِيَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْمَعْزِ وَلَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَى رَبِّهَا إِلَّا شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ ، أَخَذَ الْمُصَدِّقُ تِلْكَ الشَّاةَ الَّتِي وَجَبَتْ عَلَى رَبِّ الْمَالِ مِنَ الضَّأْنِ ، وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْمَعْزُ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الضَّأْنِ أُخِذَ مِنْهَا ، فَإِنِ اسْتَوَى الضَّأْنُ وَالْمَعْزُ أَخَذَ الشَّاةَ مِنْ أَيَّتِهِمَا شَاءَ
So if the sheep are more and the goats are fewer, and one head of zakat is obligatory on the owner, then a sheep should be taken. And if the goats are more and the sheep are fewer, then a goat should be taken. If the sheep and goats are equal, then the zakat collector has the choice to take whichever one head he wishes from them.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : وَكَذَلِكَ الْإِبِلُ الْعِرَابُ وَالْبُخْتُ يُجْمَعَانِ عَلَى رَبِّهِمَا فِي الصَّدَقَةِ ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا هِيَ إِبِلٌ كُلُّهَا فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْعِرَابُ هِيَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْبُخْتِ ، وَلَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَى رَبِّهَا إِلَّا بَعِيرٌ وَاحِدٌ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنَ الْعِرَابِ صَدَقَتَهَا ، فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْبُخْتُ أَكْثَرَ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْهَا فَإِنِ اسْتَوَتْ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْ أَيَّتِهِمَا شَاءَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Similarly, zakat will be taken by combining both the Arabian and Bactrian camels, because both types of camels are included in the category of camels. If there are more Arabian camels and a muhaar (a young she-camel) is obligatory on the owner, then an Arabian camel will be taken. If there are more Bactrian camels, then a Bactrian camel will be taken. If both are equal in number, then there is a choice to take from whichever type is preferred.
قَالَ مَالِك : وَكَذَلِكَ الْبَقَرُ وَالْجَوَامِيسُ تُجْمَعُ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ عَلَى رَبِّهَا ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا هِيَ بَقَرٌ كُلُّهَا فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْبَقَرُ هِيَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْجَوَامِيسِ وَلَا تَجِبُ عَلَى رَبِّهَا إِلَّا بَقَرَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنَ الْبَقَرِ صَدَقَتَهُمَا ، وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْجَوَامِيسُ أَكْثَرَ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْهَا فَإِنِ اسْتَوَتْ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْ أَيَّتِهِمَا شَاءَ ، فَإِذَا وَجَبَتْ فِي ذَلِكَ الصَّدَقَةُ صُدِّقَ الصِّنْفَانِ جَمِيعًا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In the same way, cows and buffaloes are both of the same kind; their zakat should be taken together. However, if there are more cows and fewer buffaloes, and one head is obligatory on the owner, then a cow should be taken. If there are more buffaloes, then a buffalo should be taken. If both are equal, then there is a choice to take from whichever one wishes. And if both cows and buffaloes are each in the amount of nisab, then zakat should be taken from both.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : مَنْ أَفَادَ مَاشِيَةً مِنْ إِبِلٍ أَوْ بَقَرٍ أَوْ غَنَمٍ فَلَا صَدَقَةَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهَا حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَوْلُ مِنْ يَوْمَ أَفَادَهَا ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ قَبْلَهَا نِصَابُ مَاشِيَةٍ ، وَالنِّصَابُ مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ إِمَّا خَمْسُ ذَوْدٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ ، وَإِمَّا ثَلَاثُونَ بَقَرَةً ، وَإِمَّا أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً ، فَإِذَا كَانَ لِلرَّجُلِ خَمْسُ ذَوْدٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ أَوْ ثَلَاثُونَ بَقَرَةً أَوْ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً ، ثُمَّ أَفَادَ إِلَيْهَا إِبِلًا أَوْ بَقَرًا أَوْ غَنَمًا بِاشْتِرَاءٍ أَوْ هِبَةٍ أَوْ مِيرَاثٍ ، فَإِنَّهُ يُصَدِّقُهَا مَعَ مَاشِيَتِهِ حِينَ يُصَدِّقُهَا ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَحُلْ عَلَى الْفَائِدَةِ الْحَوْلُ وَإِنْ كَانَ مَا أَفَادَ مِنَ الْمَاشِيَةِ إِلَى مَاشِيَتِهِ ، قَدْ صُدِّقَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَهَا بِيَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ أَوْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَرِثَهَا بِيَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ ، فَإِنَّهُ يُصَدِّقُهَا مَعَ مَاشِيَتِهِ حِينَ يُصَدِّقُ مَاشِيَتَهُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Whoever acquires animals—camels, cows, or goats—there is no zakat on them until a year has passed from the day he acquired those animals. However, if he already possesses animals equal to the nisab, such as five camels, thirty cows, or forty goats, and then acquires more camels or goats, whether by purchase, gift, or inheritance, he should give zakat for them along with his previous animals, even if a year has not passed over these latter animals. But if he acquires these animals after having already given zakat for the previous ones, then he does not give zakat for them now; rather, in the coming year, when he gives zakat for the earlier animals, he will also give zakat for these along with them.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : وَإِنَّمَا مَثَلُ ذَلِكَ مَثَلُ الْوَرِقِ يُزَكِّيهَا الرَّجُلُ ثُمَّ يَشْتَرِي بِهَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ آخَرَ عَرْضًا ، وَقَدْ وَجَبَتْ عَلَيْهِ فِي عَرْضِهِ ذَلِكَ إِذَا بَاعَهُ الصَّدَقَةُ فَيُخْرِجُ الرَّجُلُ الْآخَرُ صَدَقَتَهَا هَذَا الْيَوْمَ ، وَيَكُونُ الْآخَرُ قَدْ صَدَّقَهَا مِنَ الْغَدِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Its example is like that of silver; a person gave its zakat and bought some goods in exchange for it. Now, was zakat also obligatory on the one who sold the goods? He then gave zakat on that silver, so the buyer gave zakat today and the seller gave zakat tomorrow.
قَالَ مَالِك : فِي رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ لَهُ غَنَمٌ لَا تَجِبُ فِيهَا الصَّدَقَةُ ، فَاشْتَرَى إِلَيْهَا غَنَمًا كَثِيرَةً تَجِبُ فِي دُونِهَا الصَّدَقَةُ أَوْ وَرِثَهَا ، أَنَّهُ لَا تَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْغَنَمِ كُلِّهَا الصَّدَقَةُ حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَوْلُ مِنْ يَوْمَ أَفَادَهَا بِاشْتِرَاءٍ أَوْ مِيرَاثٍ ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ كُلَّ مَا كَانَ عِنْدَ الرَّجُلِ مِنْ مَاشِيَةٍ لَا تَجِبُ فِيهَا الصَّدَقَةُ مِنْ إِبِلٍ أَوْ بَقَرٍ أَوْ غَنَمٍ ، فَلَيْسَ يُعَدُّ ذَلِكَ نِصَابَ مَالٍ حَتَّى يَكُونَ فِي كُلِّ صِنْفٍ مِنْهَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ ، فَذَلِكَ النِّصَابُ الَّذِي يُصَدِّقُ مَعَهُ مَا أَفَادَ إِلَيْهِ صَاحِبُهُ مِنْ قَلِيلٍ أَوْ كَثِيرٍ مِنَ الْمَاشِيَةِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person has less than the nisab of goats, then he buys more goats or inherits some, so that they become more than the nisab, then zakat will not be obligatory upon him until a year has passed from the date of purchase or inheritance. The reason for this is that when a person has such a number of animals—camels, cows, or goats—in which there is no zakat, then this will not be counted as nisab until the number of each type of animal reaches the nisab. If the amount reaches the nisab, then whatever animals of that type are added to it, zakat will have to be given on them along with that nisab, whether these animals are few or many.
قَالَ مَالِك : وَلَوْ كَانَتْ لِرَجُلٍ إِبِلٌ أَوْ بَقَرٌ أَوْ غَنَمٌ تَجِبُ فِي كُلِّ صِنْفٍ مِنْهَا الصَّدَقَةُ ، ثُمَّ أَفَادَ إِلَيْهَا بَعِيرًا أَوْ بَقَرَةً أَوْ شَاةً صَدَّقَهَا مَعَ مَاشِيَتِهِ حِينَ يُصَدِّقُهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person possesses camels, cows, or goats according to the prescribed nisab, and then acquires new income, he must pay zakat on the new income together with the nisab that he already possesses.
قَالَ مَالِك فِي الْفَرِيضَةِ تَجِبُ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ فَلَا تُوجَدُ عِنْدَهُ : أَنَّهَا إِنْ كَانَتِ ابْنَةَ مَخَاضٍ فَلَمْ تُوجَدْ ، أُخِذَ مَكَانَهَا ابْنُ لَبُونٍ ذَكَرٌ ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ بِنْتَ لَبُونٍ أَوْ حِقَّةً أَوْ جَذَعَةً وَلَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ ، كَانَ عَلَى رَبِّ الْإِبِلِ أَنْ يَبْتَاعَهَا لَهُ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَهُ بِهَا ، وَلَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُ قِيمَتَهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If the type of animal that is obligatory upon someone for Zakat is not available from his possession, for example, if a one-year-old she-camel is obligatory and it is not available, then a two-year-old camel should be taken. And if a two-year-old, three-year-old, or four-year-old she-camel is obligatory and it is not available, then he should buy and give it. And in my view, giving the price is not preferable.
وَقَالَ مَالِك فِي الْإِبِلِ النَّوَاضِحِ وَالْبَقَرِ السَّوَانِي وَبَقَرِ الْحَرْثِ : إِنِّي أَرَى أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ إِذَا وَجَبَتْ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Camels that draw water, or oxen that pull the yoke or plough the field—if they reach the amount of nisab, then zakat is obligatory on them.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي الْخَلِيطَيْنِ إِذَا كَانَ الرَّاعِي وَاحِدًا ، وَالْفَحْلُ وَاحِدًا ، وَالْمُرَاحُ وَاحِدًا ، وَالدَّلْوُ وَاحِدًا : فَالرَّجُلَانِ خَلِيطَانِ. وَإِنْ عَرَفَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَالَهُ مِنْ مَالِ صَاحِبِهِ. قَالَ : وَالَّذِي لَا يَعْرِفُ مَالَهُ مِنْ مَالِ صَاحِبِهِ لَيْسَ بِخَلِيطٍ. إِنَّمَا هُوَ شَرِيكٌ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَلَا تَجِبُ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَى الْخَلِيطَيْنِ حَتَّى يَكُونَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If two men are partners in animals in such a way that there is one shepherd, one male animal, one place for the animals to stay, and one bucket for watering, then those two men will be called "khalitan" (mixed partners), if each of them recognizes his own property. And whoever cannot distinguish his property from the property of the other, they will be called "sharikan" (partners).
وَتَفْسِيرُ ذَلِكَ ، أَنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ لِأَحَدِ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً فَصَاعِدًا ، وَلِلْآخَرِ أَقَلُّ مِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً، كَانَتِ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَى الَّذِي لَهُ الْأَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً. وَلَمْ تَكُنْ عَلَى الَّذِي لَهُ أَقَلُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ، صَدَقَةٌ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Zakat is not obligatory on partners until each one’s wealth reaches the amount of nisab. Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The explanation of this issue is that, for example, if one partner has forty goats or more and the other partner has less than forty, then zakat is obligatory on the one who has forty or more, and zakat is not obligatory on the one who has less than forty.
فَإِنْ كَانَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ جُمِعَا فِي الصَّدَقَةِ. وَوَجَبَتِ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَيْهِمَا جَمِيعًا. فَإِنْ كَانَ لِأَحَدِهِمَا أَلْفُ شَاةٍ ، أَوْ أَقَلُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، مِمَّا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ. وَلِلْآخَرِ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً أَوْ أَكْثَرُ ، فَهُمَا خَلِيطَانِ يَتَرَادَّانِ الْفَضْلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بِالسَّوِيَّةِ. عَلَى قَدْرِ عَدَدِ أَمْوَالِهِمَا ، عَلَى الْأَلْفِ بِحِصَّتِهَا ، وَعَلَى الْأَرْبَعِينَ بِحِصَّتِهَا.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If each partner's goats reach the nisab, then zakat will be taken from both collectively. And if one partner has a thousand goats or less, and the other has forty goats or more, then both are considered partners; any excess will be adjusted between them according to their respective shares. The share of zakat will be according to the thousand goats, and the share will be according to the forty goats.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : الْخَلِيطَانِ فِي الْإِبِلِ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ فِي الْغَنَمِ. يَجْتَمِعَانِ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ جَمِيعًا ، إِذَا كَانَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ. وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : ” لَيْسَ فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسِ ذَوْدٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ صَدَقَةٌ.“ وقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ : فِي سَائِمَةِ الْغَنَمِ إِذَا بَلَغَتْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً ، شَاةٌ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَهَذَا أَحَبُّ مَا سَمِعْتُ إِلَيَّ فِي ذَلِكَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The ruling of mixed camels is like the ruling of mixed goats; zakat will be taken collectively from both. When each has camels equal to the nisab, because the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "There is no zakat in less than five camels." And Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said that when the grazing goats reach forty, then one goat (is due as zakat).
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ ، وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ خَشْيَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ. أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يَعْنِي بِذَلِكَ أَصْحَابَ الْمَوَاشِي
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: And Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said that separate properties should not be combined, nor should combined properties be separated, out of fear of zakat. This ruling is for the owners of livestock.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَتَفْسِيرُ قَوْلِهِ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ : أَنْ يَكُونَ النَّفَرُ الثَّلَاثَةُ الَّذِينَ يَكُونُ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً ، قَدْ وَجَبَتْ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ فِي غَنَمِهِ الصَّدَقَةُ ، فَإِذَا أَظَلَّهُمُ الْمُصَدِّقُ جَمَعُوهَا ، لِئَلَّا يَكُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهَا إِلَّا شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ. فَنُهُوا عَنْ ذَلِكَ ¤ وَتَفْسِيرُ قَوْلِهِ : وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ أَنَّ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ يَكُونُ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِائَةُ شَاةٍ وَشَاةٌ ، فَيَكُونُ عَلَيْهِمَا فِيهَا ثَلَاثُ شِيَاةٍ. فَإِذَا أَظَلَّهُمَا الْمُصَدِّقُ ، فَرَّقَا غَنَمَهُمَا ، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا إِلَّا شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ. فَنُهِيَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ. فَقِيلَ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ ، وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ. خَشْيَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ. ¤ قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فَهَذَا الَّذِي سَمِعْتُ فِي ذَلِكَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The explanation of this statement is that, for example, three men each had forty sheep, so one sheep was obligatory on each of them. When the zakat collector came, those three combined their sheep so that only one sheep would have to be given; this act is prohibited. And, for example, if each of the partners has one hundred and one sheep, then together they have two hundred and two sheep, and three sheep become obligatory from them. When the zakat collector came, both of them separated their sheep so that only one sheep would be obligatory on each; this act is also prohibited. Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: And this is what I have heard regarding this matter.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : وَهَذَا أَحَبُّ مَا سَمِعْتُ إِلَيَّ فِي هَذَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
Hadith 673
حَدَّثَنِي حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى ، عَنْ مَالِك ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ الْمَكِّيِّ ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ الْيَمَانِيِّ ، أَنَّ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ أَخَذَ مِنْ ثَلَاثِينَ بَقَرَةً تَبِيعًا وَمِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ بَقَرَةً مُسِنَّةً ، وَأُتِيَ بِمَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ فَأَبَى أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا ، وَقَالَ : " لَمْ أَسْمَعْ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِيهِ شَيْئًا حَتَّى أَلْقَاهُ فَأَسْأَلَهُ " ، فَتُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْدُمَ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ
It is narrated from Tawus Yamani that Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) took one-year-old cow from thirty cows, and one two-year-old cow from forty cows, and took nothing from less than that, and said: I have not heard anything from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) regarding this matter, so I will ask him. But the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away before Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) could come.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : أَحْسَنُ مَا سَمِعْتُ فِيمَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ غَنَمٌ عَلَى رَاعِيَيْنِ مُفْتَرِقَيْنِ ، أَوْ عَلَى رِعَاءٍ مُفْتَرِقِينَ فِي بُلْدَانٍ شَتَّى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ يُجْمَعُ كُلُّهُ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ ، فَيُؤَدِّي مِنْهُ صَدَقَتَهُ ، وَمِثْلُ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ لَهُ الذَّهَبُ أَوِ الْوَرِقُ مُتَفَرِّقَةً فِي أَيْدِي نَاسٍ شَتَّى ، إِنَّهُ يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَجْمَعَهَا فَيُخْرِجَ مِنْهَا مَا وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ زَكَاتِهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person’s goats are with two or more shepherds in different cities, he should combine all of them and give zakat collectively. Similarly, if a person’s gold and silver are with different people, he should combine all of them and give zakat collectively.
وَقَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك فِي الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ الضَّأْنُ وَالْمَعْزُ : أَنَّهَا تُجْمَعُ عَلَيْهِ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ فَإِنْ كَانَ فِيهَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ صُدِّقَتْ ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا هِيَ غَنَمٌ كُلُّهَا وَفِي كِتَابِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ وَفِي سَائِمَةِ الْغَنَمِ إِذَا بَلَغَتْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً شَاةٌ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person has both sheep and goats, then all will be counted together; if it reaches the required nisab, zakat will be obligatory, because sheep are included in the count of goats. And it is mentioned in the book of Sayyiduna Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him: For grazing goats, one goat is due for every forty.
قَالَ مَالِك : فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الضَّأْنُ هِيَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْمَعْزِ وَلَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَى رَبِّهَا إِلَّا شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ ، أَخَذَ الْمُصَدِّقُ تِلْكَ الشَّاةَ الَّتِي وَجَبَتْ عَلَى رَبِّ الْمَالِ مِنَ الضَّأْنِ ، وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْمَعْزُ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الضَّأْنِ أُخِذَ مِنْهَا ، فَإِنِ اسْتَوَى الضَّأْنُ وَالْمَعْزُ أَخَذَ الشَّاةَ مِنْ أَيَّتِهِمَا شَاءَ
So if the sheep are more and the goats are fewer, and one head of zakat is obligatory on the owner, then a sheep should be taken. And if the goats are more and the sheep are fewer, then a goat should be taken. If the sheep and goats are equal, then the zakat collector has the choice to take whichever one head he wishes from them.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : وَكَذَلِكَ الْإِبِلُ الْعِرَابُ وَالْبُخْتُ يُجْمَعَانِ عَلَى رَبِّهِمَا فِي الصَّدَقَةِ ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا هِيَ إِبِلٌ كُلُّهَا فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْعِرَابُ هِيَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْبُخْتِ ، وَلَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَى رَبِّهَا إِلَّا بَعِيرٌ وَاحِدٌ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنَ الْعِرَابِ صَدَقَتَهَا ، فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْبُخْتُ أَكْثَرَ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْهَا فَإِنِ اسْتَوَتْ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْ أَيَّتِهِمَا شَاءَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Similarly, zakat will be taken by combining both the Arabian and Bactrian camels, because both types of camels are included in the category of camels. If there are more Arabian camels and a muhaar (a young she-camel) is obligatory on the owner, then an Arabian camel will be taken. If there are more Bactrian camels, then a Bactrian camel will be taken. If both are equal in number, then there is a choice to take from whichever type is preferred.
قَالَ مَالِك : وَكَذَلِكَ الْبَقَرُ وَالْجَوَامِيسُ تُجْمَعُ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ عَلَى رَبِّهَا ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا هِيَ بَقَرٌ كُلُّهَا فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْبَقَرُ هِيَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْجَوَامِيسِ وَلَا تَجِبُ عَلَى رَبِّهَا إِلَّا بَقَرَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنَ الْبَقَرِ صَدَقَتَهُمَا ، وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْجَوَامِيسُ أَكْثَرَ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْهَا فَإِنِ اسْتَوَتْ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْ أَيَّتِهِمَا شَاءَ ، فَإِذَا وَجَبَتْ فِي ذَلِكَ الصَّدَقَةُ صُدِّقَ الصِّنْفَانِ جَمِيعًا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In the same way, cows and buffaloes are both of the same kind; their zakat should be taken together. However, if there are more cows and fewer buffaloes, and one head is obligatory on the owner, then a cow should be taken. If there are more buffaloes, then a buffalo should be taken. If both are equal, then there is a choice to take from whichever one wishes. And if both cows and buffaloes are each in the amount of nisab, then zakat should be taken from both.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : مَنْ أَفَادَ مَاشِيَةً مِنْ إِبِلٍ أَوْ بَقَرٍ أَوْ غَنَمٍ فَلَا صَدَقَةَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهَا حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَوْلُ مِنْ يَوْمَ أَفَادَهَا ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ قَبْلَهَا نِصَابُ مَاشِيَةٍ ، وَالنِّصَابُ مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ إِمَّا خَمْسُ ذَوْدٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ ، وَإِمَّا ثَلَاثُونَ بَقَرَةً ، وَإِمَّا أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً ، فَإِذَا كَانَ لِلرَّجُلِ خَمْسُ ذَوْدٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ أَوْ ثَلَاثُونَ بَقَرَةً أَوْ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً ، ثُمَّ أَفَادَ إِلَيْهَا إِبِلًا أَوْ بَقَرًا أَوْ غَنَمًا بِاشْتِرَاءٍ أَوْ هِبَةٍ أَوْ مِيرَاثٍ ، فَإِنَّهُ يُصَدِّقُهَا مَعَ مَاشِيَتِهِ حِينَ يُصَدِّقُهَا ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَحُلْ عَلَى الْفَائِدَةِ الْحَوْلُ وَإِنْ كَانَ مَا أَفَادَ مِنَ الْمَاشِيَةِ إِلَى مَاشِيَتِهِ ، قَدْ صُدِّقَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَهَا بِيَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ أَوْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَرِثَهَا بِيَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ ، فَإِنَّهُ يُصَدِّقُهَا مَعَ مَاشِيَتِهِ حِينَ يُصَدِّقُ مَاشِيَتَهُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Whoever acquires animals—camels, cows, or goats—there is no zakat on them until a year has passed from the day he acquired those animals. However, if he already possesses animals equal to the nisab, such as five camels, thirty cows, or forty goats, and then acquires more camels or goats, whether by purchase, gift, or inheritance, he should give zakat for them along with his previous animals, even if a year has not passed over these latter animals. But if he acquires these animals after having already given zakat for the previous ones, then he does not give zakat for them now; rather, in the coming year, when he gives zakat for the earlier animals, he will also give zakat for these along with them.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : وَإِنَّمَا مَثَلُ ذَلِكَ مَثَلُ الْوَرِقِ يُزَكِّيهَا الرَّجُلُ ثُمَّ يَشْتَرِي بِهَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ آخَرَ عَرْضًا ، وَقَدْ وَجَبَتْ عَلَيْهِ فِي عَرْضِهِ ذَلِكَ إِذَا بَاعَهُ الصَّدَقَةُ فَيُخْرِجُ الرَّجُلُ الْآخَرُ صَدَقَتَهَا هَذَا الْيَوْمَ ، وَيَكُونُ الْآخَرُ قَدْ صَدَّقَهَا مِنَ الْغَدِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Its example is like that of silver; a person gave its zakat and bought some goods in exchange for it. Now, was zakat also obligatory on the one who sold the goods? He then gave zakat on that silver, so the buyer gave zakat today and the seller gave zakat tomorrow.
قَالَ مَالِك : فِي رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ لَهُ غَنَمٌ لَا تَجِبُ فِيهَا الصَّدَقَةُ ، فَاشْتَرَى إِلَيْهَا غَنَمًا كَثِيرَةً تَجِبُ فِي دُونِهَا الصَّدَقَةُ أَوْ وَرِثَهَا ، أَنَّهُ لَا تَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْغَنَمِ كُلِّهَا الصَّدَقَةُ حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَوْلُ مِنْ يَوْمَ أَفَادَهَا بِاشْتِرَاءٍ أَوْ مِيرَاثٍ ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ كُلَّ مَا كَانَ عِنْدَ الرَّجُلِ مِنْ مَاشِيَةٍ لَا تَجِبُ فِيهَا الصَّدَقَةُ مِنْ إِبِلٍ أَوْ بَقَرٍ أَوْ غَنَمٍ ، فَلَيْسَ يُعَدُّ ذَلِكَ نِصَابَ مَالٍ حَتَّى يَكُونَ فِي كُلِّ صِنْفٍ مِنْهَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ ، فَذَلِكَ النِّصَابُ الَّذِي يُصَدِّقُ مَعَهُ مَا أَفَادَ إِلَيْهِ صَاحِبُهُ مِنْ قَلِيلٍ أَوْ كَثِيرٍ مِنَ الْمَاشِيَةِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person has less than the nisab of goats, then he buys more goats or inherits some, so that they become more than the nisab, then zakat will not be obligatory upon him until a year has passed from the date of purchase or inheritance. The reason for this is that when a person has such a number of animals—camels, cows, or goats—in which there is no zakat, then this will not be counted as nisab until the number of each type of animal reaches the nisab. If the amount reaches the nisab, then whatever animals of that type are added to it, zakat will have to be given on them along with that nisab, whether these animals are few or many.
قَالَ مَالِك : وَلَوْ كَانَتْ لِرَجُلٍ إِبِلٌ أَوْ بَقَرٌ أَوْ غَنَمٌ تَجِبُ فِي كُلِّ صِنْفٍ مِنْهَا الصَّدَقَةُ ، ثُمَّ أَفَادَ إِلَيْهَا بَعِيرًا أَوْ بَقَرَةً أَوْ شَاةً صَدَّقَهَا مَعَ مَاشِيَتِهِ حِينَ يُصَدِّقُهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person possesses camels, cows, or goats according to the prescribed nisab, and then acquires new income, he must pay zakat on the new income together with the nisab that he already possesses.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : وَهَذَا أَحَبُّ مَا سَمِعْتُ إِلَيَّ فِي هَذَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
وَقَالَ مَالِك فِي الْإِبِلِ النَّوَاضِحِ وَالْبَقَرِ السَّوَانِي وَبَقَرِ الْحَرْثِ : إِنِّي أَرَى أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ إِذَا وَجَبَتْ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Camels that draw water, or oxen that pull the yoke or plough the field—if they reach the amount of nisab, then zakat is obligatory on them.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي الْخَلِيطَيْنِ إِذَا كَانَ الرَّاعِي وَاحِدًا ، وَالْفَحْلُ وَاحِدًا ، وَالْمُرَاحُ وَاحِدًا ، وَالدَّلْوُ وَاحِدًا : فَالرَّجُلَانِ خَلِيطَانِ. وَإِنْ عَرَفَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَالَهُ مِنْ مَالِ صَاحِبِهِ. قَالَ : وَالَّذِي لَا يَعْرِفُ مَالَهُ مِنْ مَالِ صَاحِبِهِ لَيْسَ بِخَلِيطٍ. إِنَّمَا هُوَ شَرِيكٌ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَلَا تَجِبُ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَى الْخَلِيطَيْنِ حَتَّى يَكُونَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If two men are partners in animals in such a way that there is one shepherd, one male animal, one place for the animals to stay, and one bucket for watering, then those two men will be called "khalitan" (mixed partners), if each of them recognizes his own property. And whoever cannot distinguish his property from the property of the other, they will be called "sharikan" (partners).
وَتَفْسِيرُ ذَلِكَ ، أَنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ لِأَحَدِ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً فَصَاعِدًا ، وَلِلْآخَرِ أَقَلُّ مِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً، كَانَتِ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَى الَّذِي لَهُ الْأَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً. وَلَمْ تَكُنْ عَلَى الَّذِي لَهُ أَقَلُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ، صَدَقَةٌ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Zakat is not obligatory on partners until each one’s wealth reaches the amount of nisab. Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The explanation of this issue is that, for example, if one partner has forty goats or more and the other partner has less than forty, then zakat is obligatory on the one who has forty or more, and zakat is not obligatory on the one who has less than forty.
فَإِنْ كَانَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ جُمِعَا فِي الصَّدَقَةِ. وَوَجَبَتِ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَيْهِمَا جَمِيعًا. فَإِنْ كَانَ لِأَحَدِهِمَا أَلْفُ شَاةٍ ، أَوْ أَقَلُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، مِمَّا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ. وَلِلْآخَرِ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً أَوْ أَكْثَرُ ، فَهُمَا خَلِيطَانِ يَتَرَادَّانِ الْفَضْلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بِالسَّوِيَّةِ. عَلَى قَدْرِ عَدَدِ أَمْوَالِهِمَا ، عَلَى الْأَلْفِ بِحِصَّتِهَا ، وَعَلَى الْأَرْبَعِينَ بِحِصَّتِهَا.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If each partner's goats reach the nisab, then zakat will be taken from both collectively. And if one partner has a thousand goats or less, and the other has forty goats or more, then both are considered partners; any excess will be adjusted between them according to their respective shares. The share of zakat will be according to the thousand goats, and the share will be according to the forty goats.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : الْخَلِيطَانِ فِي الْإِبِلِ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ فِي الْغَنَمِ. يَجْتَمِعَانِ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ جَمِيعًا ، إِذَا كَانَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ. وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : ” لَيْسَ فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسِ ذَوْدٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ صَدَقَةٌ.“ وقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ : فِي سَائِمَةِ الْغَنَمِ إِذَا بَلَغَتْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً ، شَاةٌ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَهَذَا أَحَبُّ مَا سَمِعْتُ إِلَيَّ فِي ذَلِكَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The ruling of mixed camels is like the ruling of mixed goats; zakat will be taken collectively from both. When each has camels equal to the nisab, because the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "There is no zakat in less than five camels." And Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said that when the grazing goats reach forty, then one goat (is due as zakat).
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ ، وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ خَشْيَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ. أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يَعْنِي بِذَلِكَ أَصْحَابَ الْمَوَاشِي
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: And Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said that separate properties should not be combined, nor should combined properties be separated, out of fear of zakat. This ruling is for the owners of livestock.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَتَفْسِيرُ قَوْلِهِ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ : أَنْ يَكُونَ النَّفَرُ الثَّلَاثَةُ الَّذِينَ يَكُونُ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً ، قَدْ وَجَبَتْ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ فِي غَنَمِهِ الصَّدَقَةُ ، فَإِذَا أَظَلَّهُمُ الْمُصَدِّقُ جَمَعُوهَا ، لِئَلَّا يَكُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهَا إِلَّا شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ. فَنُهُوا عَنْ ذَلِكَ ¤ وَتَفْسِيرُ قَوْلِهِ : وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ أَنَّ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ يَكُونُ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِائَةُ شَاةٍ وَشَاةٌ ، فَيَكُونُ عَلَيْهِمَا فِيهَا ثَلَاثُ شِيَاةٍ. فَإِذَا أَظَلَّهُمَا الْمُصَدِّقُ ، فَرَّقَا غَنَمَهُمَا ، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا إِلَّا شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ. فَنُهِيَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ. فَقِيلَ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ ، وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ. خَشْيَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ. ¤ قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فَهَذَا الَّذِي سَمِعْتُ فِي ذَلِكَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The explanation of this statement is that, for example, three men each had forty sheep, so one sheep was obligatory on each of them. When the zakat collector came, those three combined their sheep so that only one sheep would have to be given; this act is prohibited. And, for example, if each of the partners has one hundred and one sheep, then together they have two hundred and two sheep, and three sheep become obligatory from them. When the zakat collector came, both of them separated their sheep so that only one sheep would be obligatory on each; this act is also prohibited. Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: And this is what I have heard regarding this matter.
قَالَ مَالِك فِي الْفَرِيضَةِ تَجِبُ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ فَلَا تُوجَدُ عِنْدَهُ : أَنَّهَا إِنْ كَانَتِ ابْنَةَ مَخَاضٍ فَلَمْ تُوجَدْ ، أُخِذَ مَكَانَهَا ابْنُ لَبُونٍ ذَكَرٌ ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ بِنْتَ لَبُونٍ أَوْ حِقَّةً أَوْ جَذَعَةً وَلَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ ، كَانَ عَلَى رَبِّ الْإِبِلِ أَنْ يَبْتَاعَهَا لَهُ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَهُ بِهَا ، وَلَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُ قِيمَتَهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If the type of animal that is obligatory upon someone for Zakat is not available from his possession, for example, if a one-year-old she-camel is obligatory and it is not available, then a two-year-old camel should be taken. And if a two-year-old, three-year-old, or four-year-old she-camel is obligatory and it is not available, then he should buy and give it. And in my view, giving the price is not preferable.
Hadith 673
حَدَّثَنِي حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى ، عَنْ مَالِك ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ الْمَكِّيِّ ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ الْيَمَانِيِّ ، أَنَّ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ أَخَذَ مِنْ ثَلَاثِينَ بَقَرَةً تَبِيعًا وَمِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ بَقَرَةً مُسِنَّةً ، وَأُتِيَ بِمَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ فَأَبَى أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا ، وَقَالَ : " لَمْ أَسْمَعْ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِيهِ شَيْئًا حَتَّى أَلْقَاهُ فَأَسْأَلَهُ " ، فَتُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْدُمَ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ
It is narrated from Tawus Yamani that Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) took one-year-old cow from thirty cows, and one two-year-old cow from forty cows, and took nothing from less than that, and said: I have not heard anything from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) regarding this matter, so I will ask him. But the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away before Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) could come.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : أَحْسَنُ مَا سَمِعْتُ فِيمَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ غَنَمٌ عَلَى رَاعِيَيْنِ مُفْتَرِقَيْنِ ، أَوْ عَلَى رِعَاءٍ مُفْتَرِقِينَ فِي بُلْدَانٍ شَتَّى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ يُجْمَعُ كُلُّهُ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ ، فَيُؤَدِّي مِنْهُ صَدَقَتَهُ ، وَمِثْلُ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ لَهُ الذَّهَبُ أَوِ الْوَرِقُ مُتَفَرِّقَةً فِي أَيْدِي نَاسٍ شَتَّى ، إِنَّهُ يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَجْمَعَهَا فَيُخْرِجَ مِنْهَا مَا وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ زَكَاتِهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person’s goats are with two or more shepherds in different cities, he should combine all of them and give zakat collectively. Similarly, if a person’s gold and silver are with different people, he should combine all of them and give zakat collectively.
وَقَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك فِي الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ الضَّأْنُ وَالْمَعْزُ : أَنَّهَا تُجْمَعُ عَلَيْهِ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ فَإِنْ كَانَ فِيهَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ صُدِّقَتْ ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا هِيَ غَنَمٌ كُلُّهَا وَفِي كِتَابِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ وَفِي سَائِمَةِ الْغَنَمِ إِذَا بَلَغَتْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً شَاةٌ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person has both sheep and goats, then all will be counted together; if it reaches the required nisab, zakat will be obligatory, because sheep are included in the count of goats. And it is mentioned in the book of Sayyiduna Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him: For grazing goats, one goat is due for every forty.
قَالَ مَالِك : فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الضَّأْنُ هِيَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْمَعْزِ وَلَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَى رَبِّهَا إِلَّا شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ ، أَخَذَ الْمُصَدِّقُ تِلْكَ الشَّاةَ الَّتِي وَجَبَتْ عَلَى رَبِّ الْمَالِ مِنَ الضَّأْنِ ، وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْمَعْزُ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الضَّأْنِ أُخِذَ مِنْهَا ، فَإِنِ اسْتَوَى الضَّأْنُ وَالْمَعْزُ أَخَذَ الشَّاةَ مِنْ أَيَّتِهِمَا شَاءَ
So if the sheep are more and the goats are fewer, and one head of zakat is obligatory on the owner, then a sheep should be taken. And if the goats are more and the sheep are fewer, then a goat should be taken. If the sheep and goats are equal, then the zakat collector has the choice to take whichever one head he wishes from them.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : وَكَذَلِكَ الْإِبِلُ الْعِرَابُ وَالْبُخْتُ يُجْمَعَانِ عَلَى رَبِّهِمَا فِي الصَّدَقَةِ ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا هِيَ إِبِلٌ كُلُّهَا فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْعِرَابُ هِيَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْبُخْتِ ، وَلَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَى رَبِّهَا إِلَّا بَعِيرٌ وَاحِدٌ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنَ الْعِرَابِ صَدَقَتَهَا ، فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْبُخْتُ أَكْثَرَ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْهَا فَإِنِ اسْتَوَتْ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْ أَيَّتِهِمَا شَاءَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Similarly, zakat will be taken by combining both the Arabian and Bactrian camels, because both types of camels are included in the category of camels. If there are more Arabian camels and a muhaar (a young she-camel) is obligatory on the owner, then an Arabian camel will be taken. If there are more Bactrian camels, then a Bactrian camel will be taken. If both are equal in number, then there is a choice to take from whichever type is preferred.
قَالَ مَالِك : وَكَذَلِكَ الْبَقَرُ وَالْجَوَامِيسُ تُجْمَعُ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ عَلَى رَبِّهَا ، وَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا هِيَ بَقَرٌ كُلُّهَا فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْبَقَرُ هِيَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْجَوَامِيسِ وَلَا تَجِبُ عَلَى رَبِّهَا إِلَّا بَقَرَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنَ الْبَقَرِ صَدَقَتَهُمَا ، وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْجَوَامِيسُ أَكْثَرَ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْهَا فَإِنِ اسْتَوَتْ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنْ أَيَّتِهِمَا شَاءَ ، فَإِذَا وَجَبَتْ فِي ذَلِكَ الصَّدَقَةُ صُدِّقَ الصِّنْفَانِ جَمِيعًا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In the same way, cows and buffaloes are both of the same kind; their zakat should be taken together. However, if there are more cows and fewer buffaloes, and one head is obligatory on the owner, then a cow should be taken. If there are more buffaloes, then a buffalo should be taken. If both are equal, then there is a choice to take from whichever one wishes. And if both cows and buffaloes are each in the amount of nisab, then zakat should be taken from both.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : مَنْ أَفَادَ مَاشِيَةً مِنْ إِبِلٍ أَوْ بَقَرٍ أَوْ غَنَمٍ فَلَا صَدَقَةَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهَا حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَوْلُ مِنْ يَوْمَ أَفَادَهَا ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ قَبْلَهَا نِصَابُ مَاشِيَةٍ ، وَالنِّصَابُ مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ إِمَّا خَمْسُ ذَوْدٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ ، وَإِمَّا ثَلَاثُونَ بَقَرَةً ، وَإِمَّا أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً ، فَإِذَا كَانَ لِلرَّجُلِ خَمْسُ ذَوْدٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ أَوْ ثَلَاثُونَ بَقَرَةً أَوْ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً ، ثُمَّ أَفَادَ إِلَيْهَا إِبِلًا أَوْ بَقَرًا أَوْ غَنَمًا بِاشْتِرَاءٍ أَوْ هِبَةٍ أَوْ مِيرَاثٍ ، فَإِنَّهُ يُصَدِّقُهَا مَعَ مَاشِيَتِهِ حِينَ يُصَدِّقُهَا ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَحُلْ عَلَى الْفَائِدَةِ الْحَوْلُ وَإِنْ كَانَ مَا أَفَادَ مِنَ الْمَاشِيَةِ إِلَى مَاشِيَتِهِ ، قَدْ صُدِّقَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَهَا بِيَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ أَوْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَرِثَهَا بِيَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ ، فَإِنَّهُ يُصَدِّقُهَا مَعَ مَاشِيَتِهِ حِينَ يُصَدِّقُ مَاشِيَتَهُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Whoever acquires animals—camels, cows, or goats—there is no zakat on them until a year has passed from the day he acquired those animals. However, if he already possesses animals equal to the nisab, such as five camels, thirty cows, or forty goats, and then acquires more camels or goats, whether by purchase, gift, or inheritance, he should give zakat for them along with his previous animals, even if a year has not passed over these latter animals. But if he acquires these animals after having already given zakat for the previous ones, then he does not give zakat for them now; rather, in the coming year, when he gives zakat for the earlier animals, he will also give zakat for these along with them.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : وَإِنَّمَا مَثَلُ ذَلِكَ مَثَلُ الْوَرِقِ يُزَكِّيهَا الرَّجُلُ ثُمَّ يَشْتَرِي بِهَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ آخَرَ عَرْضًا ، وَقَدْ وَجَبَتْ عَلَيْهِ فِي عَرْضِهِ ذَلِكَ إِذَا بَاعَهُ الصَّدَقَةُ فَيُخْرِجُ الرَّجُلُ الْآخَرُ صَدَقَتَهَا هَذَا الْيَوْمَ ، وَيَكُونُ الْآخَرُ قَدْ صَدَّقَهَا مِنَ الْغَدِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Its example is like that of silver; a person gave its zakat and bought some goods in exchange for it. Now, was zakat also obligatory on the one who sold the goods? He then gave zakat on that silver, so the buyer gave zakat today and the seller gave zakat tomorrow.
قَالَ مَالِك : فِي رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ لَهُ غَنَمٌ لَا تَجِبُ فِيهَا الصَّدَقَةُ ، فَاشْتَرَى إِلَيْهَا غَنَمًا كَثِيرَةً تَجِبُ فِي دُونِهَا الصَّدَقَةُ أَوْ وَرِثَهَا ، أَنَّهُ لَا تَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْغَنَمِ كُلِّهَا الصَّدَقَةُ حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَوْلُ مِنْ يَوْمَ أَفَادَهَا بِاشْتِرَاءٍ أَوْ مِيرَاثٍ ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ كُلَّ مَا كَانَ عِنْدَ الرَّجُلِ مِنْ مَاشِيَةٍ لَا تَجِبُ فِيهَا الصَّدَقَةُ مِنْ إِبِلٍ أَوْ بَقَرٍ أَوْ غَنَمٍ ، فَلَيْسَ يُعَدُّ ذَلِكَ نِصَابَ مَالٍ حَتَّى يَكُونَ فِي كُلِّ صِنْفٍ مِنْهَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ ، فَذَلِكَ النِّصَابُ الَّذِي يُصَدِّقُ مَعَهُ مَا أَفَادَ إِلَيْهِ صَاحِبُهُ مِنْ قَلِيلٍ أَوْ كَثِيرٍ مِنَ الْمَاشِيَةِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person has less than the nisab of goats, then he buys more goats or inherits some, so that they become more than the nisab, then zakat will not be obligatory upon him until a year has passed from the date of purchase or inheritance. The reason for this is that when a person has such a number of animals—camels, cows, or goats—in which there is no zakat, then this will not be counted as nisab until the number of each type of animal reaches the nisab. If the amount reaches the nisab, then whatever animals of that type are added to it, zakat will have to be given on them along with that nisab, whether these animals are few or many.
قَالَ مَالِك : وَلَوْ كَانَتْ لِرَجُلٍ إِبِلٌ أَوْ بَقَرٌ أَوْ غَنَمٌ تَجِبُ فِي كُلِّ صِنْفٍ مِنْهَا الصَّدَقَةُ ، ثُمَّ أَفَادَ إِلَيْهَا بَعِيرًا أَوْ بَقَرَةً أَوْ شَاةً صَدَّقَهَا مَعَ مَاشِيَتِهِ حِينَ يُصَدِّقُهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person possesses camels, cows, or goats according to the prescribed nisab, and then acquires new income, he must pay zakat on the new income together with the nisab that he already possesses.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : قَالَ مَالِك : وَهَذَا أَحَبُّ مَا سَمِعْتُ إِلَيَّ فِي هَذَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
قَالَ مَالِك فِي الْفَرِيضَةِ تَجِبُ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ فَلَا تُوجَدُ عِنْدَهُ : أَنَّهَا إِنْ كَانَتِ ابْنَةَ مَخَاضٍ فَلَمْ تُوجَدْ ، أُخِذَ مَكَانَهَا ابْنُ لَبُونٍ ذَكَرٌ ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ بِنْتَ لَبُونٍ أَوْ حِقَّةً أَوْ جَذَعَةً وَلَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ ، كَانَ عَلَى رَبِّ الْإِبِلِ أَنْ يَبْتَاعَهَا لَهُ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَهُ بِهَا ، وَلَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُ قِيمَتَهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If the type of animal that is obligatory upon someone for Zakat is not available from his possession, for example, if a one-year-old she-camel is obligatory and it is not available, then a two-year-old camel should be taken. And if a two-year-old, three-year-old, or four-year-old she-camel is obligatory and it is not available, then he should buy and give it. And in my view, giving the price is not preferable.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي الْخَلِيطَيْنِ إِذَا كَانَ الرَّاعِي وَاحِدًا ، وَالْفَحْلُ وَاحِدًا ، وَالْمُرَاحُ وَاحِدًا ، وَالدَّلْوُ وَاحِدًا : فَالرَّجُلَانِ خَلِيطَانِ. وَإِنْ عَرَفَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَالَهُ مِنْ مَالِ صَاحِبِهِ. قَالَ : وَالَّذِي لَا يَعْرِفُ مَالَهُ مِنْ مَالِ صَاحِبِهِ لَيْسَ بِخَلِيطٍ. إِنَّمَا هُوَ شَرِيكٌ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَلَا تَجِبُ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَى الْخَلِيطَيْنِ حَتَّى يَكُونَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If two men are partners in animals in such a way that there is one shepherd, one male animal, one place for the animals to stay, and one bucket for watering, then those two men will be called "khalitan" (mixed partners), if each of them recognizes his own property. And whoever cannot distinguish his property from the property of the other, they will be called "sharikan" (partners).
وَتَفْسِيرُ ذَلِكَ ، أَنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ لِأَحَدِ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً فَصَاعِدًا ، وَلِلْآخَرِ أَقَلُّ مِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً، كَانَتِ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَى الَّذِي لَهُ الْأَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً. وَلَمْ تَكُنْ عَلَى الَّذِي لَهُ أَقَلُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ، صَدَقَةٌ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Zakat is not obligatory on partners until each one’s wealth reaches the amount of nisab. Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The explanation of this issue is that, for example, if one partner has forty goats or more and the other partner has less than forty, then zakat is obligatory on the one who has forty or more, and zakat is not obligatory on the one who has less than forty.
فَإِنْ كَانَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ جُمِعَا فِي الصَّدَقَةِ. وَوَجَبَتِ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَيْهِمَا جَمِيعًا. فَإِنْ كَانَ لِأَحَدِهِمَا أَلْفُ شَاةٍ ، أَوْ أَقَلُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، مِمَّا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ. وَلِلْآخَرِ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً أَوْ أَكْثَرُ ، فَهُمَا خَلِيطَانِ يَتَرَادَّانِ الْفَضْلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بِالسَّوِيَّةِ. عَلَى قَدْرِ عَدَدِ أَمْوَالِهِمَا ، عَلَى الْأَلْفِ بِحِصَّتِهَا ، وَعَلَى الْأَرْبَعِينَ بِحِصَّتِهَا.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If each partner's goats reach the nisab, then zakat will be taken from both collectively. And if one partner has a thousand goats or less, and the other has forty goats or more, then both are considered partners; any excess will be adjusted between them according to their respective shares. The share of zakat will be according to the thousand goats, and the share will be according to the forty goats.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : الْخَلِيطَانِ فِي الْإِبِلِ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ فِي الْغَنَمِ. يَجْتَمِعَانِ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ جَمِيعًا ، إِذَا كَانَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ. وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : ” لَيْسَ فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسِ ذَوْدٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ صَدَقَةٌ.“ وقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ : فِي سَائِمَةِ الْغَنَمِ إِذَا بَلَغَتْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً ، شَاةٌ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَهَذَا أَحَبُّ مَا سَمِعْتُ إِلَيَّ فِي ذَلِكَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The ruling of mixed camels is like the ruling of mixed goats; zakat will be taken collectively from both. When each has camels equal to the nisab, because the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "There is no zakat in less than five camels." And Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said that when the grazing goats reach forty, then one goat (is due as zakat).
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ ، وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ خَشْيَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ. أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يَعْنِي بِذَلِكَ أَصْحَابَ الْمَوَاشِي
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: And Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said that separate properties should not be combined, nor should combined properties be separated, out of fear of zakat. This ruling is for the owners of livestock.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَتَفْسِيرُ قَوْلِهِ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ : أَنْ يَكُونَ النَّفَرُ الثَّلَاثَةُ الَّذِينَ يَكُونُ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ أَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً ، قَدْ وَجَبَتْ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ فِي غَنَمِهِ الصَّدَقَةُ ، فَإِذَا أَظَلَّهُمُ الْمُصَدِّقُ جَمَعُوهَا ، لِئَلَّا يَكُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهَا إِلَّا شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ. فَنُهُوا عَنْ ذَلِكَ ¤ وَتَفْسِيرُ قَوْلِهِ : وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ أَنَّ الْخَلِيطَيْنِ يَكُونُ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِائَةُ شَاةٍ وَشَاةٌ ، فَيَكُونُ عَلَيْهِمَا فِيهَا ثَلَاثُ شِيَاةٍ. فَإِذَا أَظَلَّهُمَا الْمُصَدِّقُ ، فَرَّقَا غَنَمَهُمَا ، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا إِلَّا شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ. فَنُهِيَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ. فَقِيلَ : لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ ، وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ. خَشْيَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ. ¤ قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فَهَذَا الَّذِي سَمِعْتُ فِي ذَلِكَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The explanation of this statement is that, for example, three men each had forty sheep, so one sheep was obligatory on each of them. When the zakat collector came, those three combined their sheep so that only one sheep would have to be given; this act is prohibited. And, for example, if each of the partners has one hundred and one sheep, then together they have two hundred and two sheep, and three sheep become obligatory from them. When the zakat collector came, both of them separated their sheep so that only one sheep would be obligatory on each; this act is also prohibited. Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: And this is what I have heard regarding this matter.
وَقَالَ مَالِك فِي الْإِبِلِ النَّوَاضِحِ وَالْبَقَرِ السَّوَانِي وَبَقَرِ الْحَرْثِ : إِنِّي أَرَى أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ إِذَا وَجَبَتْ فِيهِ الصَّدَقَةُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Camels that draw water, or oxen that pull the yoke or plough the field—if they reach the amount of nisab, then zakat is obligatory on them.
