موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Malik (Yahya)
كتاب الزكاةBook: On the Explanation of Zakat
بَابُ زَكَاةِ أَمْوَالِ الْيَتَامَى وَالتِّجَارَةِ لَهُمْ فِيهَا
Zakat on orphans' wealth and trading for them
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Hadith 662
حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى ، عَنْ مَالِك ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ، قَالَ : " اتَّجِرُوا فِي أَمْوَالِ الْيَتَامَى لَا تَأْكُلُهَا الزَّكَاةُ "
Imam Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) was informed that Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Trade with the wealth of the orphans so that zakat does not consume it all.
Hadith 663
وَحَدَّثَنِي ، عَنْ وَحَدَّثَنِي ، عَنْ مَالِك ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ : كَانَتْ عَائِشَةُ " تَلِينِي وَأَخًا لِي يَتِيمَيْنِ فِي حَجْرِهَا فَكَانَتْ تُخْرِجُ مِنْ أَمْوَالِنَا الزَّكَاةَ "
It is narrated from Qasim bin Muhammad that Umm al-Mu'mineen Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) used to raise me and my brother; both of us were orphans in her care, so she used to take out zakat from our wealth.
Hadith 664
وَحَدَّثَنِي ، عَنْ وَحَدَّثَنِي ، عَنْ مَالِك ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " كَانَتْ تُعْطِي أَمْوَالَ الْيَتَامَى الَّذِينَ فِي حَجْرِهَا مَنْ يَتَّجِرُ لَهُمْ فِيهَا "
Imam Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) was informed that Umm al-Mu'minin Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) used to give the wealth of orphans to a trader so that he could trade with it.
Hadith 665
قَالَ مَالِك : لَا بَأْسَ بِالتِّجَارَةِ فِي أَمْوَالِ الْيَتَامَى لَهُمْ إِذَا كَانَ الْوَلِيُّ مَأْمُونًا فَلَا أَرَى عَلَيْهِ ضَمَانًا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: There is nothing wrong with trading with the wealth of an orphan when the guardian of the orphan is trustworthy and honest, and he will not be held liable if there is a loss.
مَالِكٌ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ : إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ إِذَا هَلَكَ وَلَمْ يُؤَدِّ زَكَاةَ مَالِهِ، إِنِّي أَرَى أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ ثُلُثِ مَالِهِ، وَلَا يُجَاوَزُ بِهَا الثُّلُثُ وَتُبَدَّأَ عَلَى الْوَصَايَا، وَأَرَاهَا بِمَنْزِلَةِ الدَّيْنِ عَلَيْهِ فَلِذَلِكَ رَأَيْتُ أَنْ تُبَدَّأَ عَلَى الْوَصَايَا، [1/355] قَالَ : وَذَلِكَ إِذَا أَوْصَى بِهَا الْمَيِّتُ، قَالَ : فَإِنْ لَمْ يُوصِ بِذَلِكَ الْمَيِّتُ فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ أَهْلُهُ فَذَلِكَ حَسَنٌ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ أَهْلُهُ، لَمْ يَلْزَمْهُمْ ذَلِكَ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person dies and he has not paid the zakat on his wealth, then zakat should be taken from one third of his wealth, not more than that, and this zakat will take precedence over his bequests, because zakat is like a debt upon him, therefore it will be given precedence over bequests. However, this ruling is when the deceased has made a bequest for the payment of zakat; if he did not make a bequest but his heirs pay it, then it is better, but it is not obligatory upon them.
قَالَ : قَالَ مَالِكٌ : السُّنَّةُ عِنْدَنَا الَّتِي لَا اخْتِلَافَ فِيهَا، أَنَّهُ لَا تَجِبُ عَلَى وَارِثٍ زَكَاةٌ فِي مَالٍ وَرِثَهُ فِي دَيْنٍ، وَلَا عَرْضٍ وَلَا دَارٍ، وَلَا عَبْدٍ وَلَا وَلِيدَةٍ، حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَى ثَمَنِ مَا بَاعَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَوِ اقْتَضَى الْحَوْلُ مِنْ يَوْمَ مَا بَاعَهُ وَقَبَضَهُ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, the agreed-upon Sunnah is that zakat is not obligatory on the heir for the wealth that reaches him by way of inheritance—neither on debt, nor on goods, nor on a house, nor on a slave, nor on a female slave. However, if he sells any item from the inheritance and a year passes over its sale or the receipt of its price, then zakat will become obligatory.
- قَالَ : قَالَ مَالِكٌ : السُّنَّةُ عِنْدَنَا أَنَّهُ لَا تَجِبُ عَلَى وَارِثٍ فِي مَالٍ وَرِثَهُ الزَّكَاةُ، حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَوْلُ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, the ruling is that zakat is not obligatory on the heir for the wealth that has reached him through inheritance until a year has passed over it.
وَحَدَّثَنِي ، عَنْ مَالِك ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ ، " أَنَّهُ اشْتَرَى لِبَنِي أَخِيهِ يَتَامَى فِي حِجْرِهِ مَالًا فَبِيعَ ذَلِكَ الْمَالُ بَعْدُ بِمَالٍ كَثِيرٍ "
It is narrated from Yahya bin Saeed that he bought some property for the orphan boys of his brother, then that property was sold at a high price.
Hadith 665
وَحَدَّثَنِي ، عَنْ مَالِك ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ ، " أَنَّهُ اشْتَرَى لِبَنِي أَخِيهِ يَتَامَى فِي حِجْرِهِ مَالًا فَبِيعَ ذَلِكَ الْمَالُ بَعْدُ بِمَالٍ كَثِيرٍ "
It is narrated from Yahya bin Saeed that he bought some property for the orphan boys of his brother, then that property was sold at a high price.
مَالِكٌ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ : إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ إِذَا هَلَكَ وَلَمْ يُؤَدِّ زَكَاةَ مَالِهِ، إِنِّي أَرَى أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ ثُلُثِ مَالِهِ، وَلَا يُجَاوَزُ بِهَا الثُّلُثُ وَتُبَدَّأَ عَلَى الْوَصَايَا، وَأَرَاهَا بِمَنْزِلَةِ الدَّيْنِ عَلَيْهِ فَلِذَلِكَ رَأَيْتُ أَنْ تُبَدَّأَ عَلَى الْوَصَايَا، [1/355] قَالَ : وَذَلِكَ إِذَا أَوْصَى بِهَا الْمَيِّتُ، قَالَ : فَإِنْ لَمْ يُوصِ بِذَلِكَ الْمَيِّتُ فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ أَهْلُهُ فَذَلِكَ حَسَنٌ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ أَهْلُهُ، لَمْ يَلْزَمْهُمْ ذَلِكَ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person dies and he has not paid the zakat on his wealth, then zakat should be taken from one third of his wealth, not more than that, and this zakat will take precedence over his bequests, because zakat is like a debt upon him, therefore it will be given precedence over bequests. However, this ruling is when the deceased has made a bequest for the payment of zakat; if he did not make a bequest but his heirs pay it, then it is better, but it is not obligatory upon them.
قَالَ : قَالَ مَالِكٌ : السُّنَّةُ عِنْدَنَا الَّتِي لَا اخْتِلَافَ فِيهَا، أَنَّهُ لَا تَجِبُ عَلَى وَارِثٍ زَكَاةٌ فِي مَالٍ وَرِثَهُ فِي دَيْنٍ، وَلَا عَرْضٍ وَلَا دَارٍ، وَلَا عَبْدٍ وَلَا وَلِيدَةٍ، حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَى ثَمَنِ مَا بَاعَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَوِ اقْتَضَى الْحَوْلُ مِنْ يَوْمَ مَا بَاعَهُ وَقَبَضَهُ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, the agreed-upon Sunnah is that zakat is not obligatory on the heir for the wealth that reaches him by way of inheritance—neither on debt, nor on goods, nor on a house, nor on a slave, nor on a female slave. However, if he sells any item from the inheritance and a year passes over its sale or the receipt of its price, then zakat will become obligatory.
- قَالَ : قَالَ مَالِكٌ : السُّنَّةُ عِنْدَنَا أَنَّهُ لَا تَجِبُ عَلَى وَارِثٍ فِي مَالٍ وَرِثَهُ الزَّكَاةُ، حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَوْلُ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, the ruling is that zakat is not obligatory on the heir for the wealth that has reached him through inheritance until a year has passed over it.
قَالَ مَالِك : لَا بَأْسَ بِالتِّجَارَةِ فِي أَمْوَالِ الْيَتَامَى لَهُمْ إِذَا كَانَ الْوَلِيُّ مَأْمُونًا فَلَا أَرَى عَلَيْهِ ضَمَانًا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: There is nothing wrong with trading with the wealth of an orphan when the guardian of the orphan is trustworthy and honest, and he will not be held liable if there is a loss.
