موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب الصيامBook: On the Explanation of Fasting
بَابُ قَضَاءِ التَّطَوُّعِ
Chapter on Making Up Voluntary Fasts
Hadith 626
حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى ، عَنْ مَالِك ، عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ ، وَحَفْصَةَ زَوْجَيِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَصْبَحَتَا صَائِمَتَيْنِ مُتَطَوِّعَتَيْنِ فَأُهْدِيَ لَهُمَا طَعَامٌ ، فَأَفْطَرَتَا عَلَيْهِ فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ : فَقَالَتْ حَفْصَةُ وَبَدَرَتْنِي بِالْكَلَامِ وَكَانَتْ بِنْتَ أَبِيهَا : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، إِنِّي أَصْبَحْتُ أَنَا وَعَائِشَةُ صَائِمَتَيْنِ مُتَطَوِّعَتَيْنِ فَأُهْدِيَ إِلَيْنَا طَعَامٌ فَأَفْطَرْنَا عَلَيْهِ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " اقْضِيَا مَكَانَهُ يَوْمًا آخَرَ "
It is narrated from Ibn Shihab that Umm al-Mu'mineen Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) and Umm al-Mu'mineen Sayyida Hafsa (may Allah be pleased with her) woke up in the morning having intended to keep a voluntary fast, then food was presented to them so they broke their fast. Meanwhile, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) arrived. Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) says that Sayyida Hafsa (may Allah be pleased with her) began to speak. She did not let me speak, after all, she was her father's daughter. O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! I and Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) woke up in the morning having intended a voluntary fast, then food was presented to us, so we broke our fast. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "In compensation for this, keep a fast in its place."
Hadith 626B1
قَالَ يَحْيَى : سَمِعْتُ مَالِكًا , يَقُولُ : مَنْ أَكَلَ أَوْ شَرِبَ سَاهِيًا أَوْ نَاسِيًا فِي صِيَامِ تَطَوُّعٍ ، فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ قَضَاءٌ ، وَلْيُتِمَّ يَوْمَهُ الَّذِي أَكَلَ فِيهِ أَوْ شَرِبَ وَهُوَ مُتَطَوِّعٌ ، وَلَا يُفْطِرْهُ وَلَيْسَ عَلَى مَنْ أَصَابَهُ أَمْرٌ يَقْطَعُ صِيَامَهُ وَهُوَ مُتَطَوِّعٌ قَضَاءٌ ، إِذَا كَانَ إِنَّمَا أَفْطَرَ مِنْ عُذْرٍ غَيْرَ مُتَعَمِّدٍ لِلْفِطْرِ ، وَلَا أَرَى عَلَيْهِ قَضَاءَ صَلَاةِ نَافِلَةٍ إِذَا هُوَ قَطَعَهَا مِنْ حَدَثٍ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ حَبْسَهُ مِمَّا يَحْتَاجُ فِيهِ إِلَى الْوُضُوءِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person, while observing a voluntary fast, eats or drinks out of forgetfulness, then there is no making up (qada) required for him, and he should complete that fast, because his fast is not invalidated. And if, during a voluntary fast, something involuntary occurs that breaks the fast (for example, menstruation begins or illness occurs), then making up (qada) is not obligatory, when he has broken the fast due to an excuse and not intentionally. Similarly, if someone starts a voluntary prayer and then breaks it due to an involuntary event (such as losing ablution), then there is no making up (qada) required for him.
Hadith 626B2
قَالَ مَالِك : وَلَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَدْخُلَ الرَّجُلُ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الْأَعْمَالِ الصَّالِحَةِ ، الصَّلَاةِ وَالصِّيَامِ وَالْحَجِّ وَمَا أَشْبَهَ هَذَا مِنَ الْأَعْمَالِ الصَّالِحَةِ الَّتِي يَتَطَوَّعُ بِهَا النَّاسُ ، فَيَقْطَعَهُ حَتَّى يُتِمَّهُ عَلَى سُنَّتِهِ ، إِذَا كَبَّرَ لَمْ يَنْصَرِفْ حَتَّى يُصَلِّيَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ ، وَإِذَا صَامَ لَمْ يُفْطِرْ حَتَّى يُتِمَّ صَوْمَ يَوْمِهِ ، وَإِذَا أَهَلَّ لَمْ يَرْجِعْ حَتَّى يُتِمَّ حَجَّهُ ، وَإِذَا دَخَلَ فِي الطَّوَافِ لَمْ يَقْطَعْهُ حَتَّى يُتِمَّ سُبُوعَهُ ، وَلَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَتْرُكَ شَيْئًا مِنْ هَذَا إِذَا دَخَلَ فِيهِ حَتَّى يَقْضِيَهُ ، إِلَّا مِنْ أَمْرٍ يَعْرِضُ لَهُ مِمَّا يَعْرِضُ لِلنَّاسِ مِنَ الْأَسْقَامِ الَّتِي يُعْذَرُونَ بِهَا ، وَالْأُمُورِ الَّتِي يُعْذَرُونَ بِهَا وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى يَقُولُ فِي كِتَابِهِ : وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ سورة البقرة آية 187 فَعَلَيْهِ إِتْمَامُ الصِّيَامِ كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ وَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى : وَأَتِمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ سورة البقرة آية 196 ، فَلَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَهَلَّ بِالْحَجِّ تَطَوُّعًا ، وَقَدْ قَضَى الْفَرِيضَةَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ أَنْ يَتْرُكَ الْحَجَّ بَعْدَ أَنْ دَخَلَ فِيهِ ، وَيَرْجِعَ حَلَالًا مِنَ الطَّرِيقِ وَكُلُّ أَحَدٍ دَخَلَ فِي نَافِلَةٍ فَعَلَيْهِ إِتْمَامُهَا إِذَا دَخَلَ فِيهَا ، كَمَا يُتِمُّ الْفَرِيضَةَ وَهَذَا أَحْسَنُ مَا سَمِعْتُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Whoever begins a good deed, such as prayer or fasting or Hajj or any other similar act which people perform as a voluntary act, then breaks it, he should complete it. So when he says the opening takbir, he should pray two rak‘ahs; and when he begins a fast, he should complete it; and when he says “Labbayk” for Hajj, he should complete the Hajj; and when he begins tawaf, he should complete seven circuits. In the same way, whatever act he begins, he should not leave it until he completes it, unless some excuse arises which compels people, because Allah, Glorious and Exalted is He, says in His Book: “Eat and drink until the white thread becomes distinct to you from the black thread, i.e., until dawn, then complete the fast till night.” Thus, completing the fast is obligatory. As Allah Almighty has said: “Complete the Hajj and ‘Umrah for Allah.” So if someone has entered into ihram for a voluntary Hajj and has already performed the obligatory Hajj, he should not abandon it once he has begun, and he should not remove the ihram and return along the way. Similarly, whoever begins a voluntary act of worship, it is obligatory for him to complete it just as it is to complete an obligatory act. And this explanation is very pleasing to me among the things I have heard.
