موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب الصيامBook: On the Explanation of Fasting
بَابُ صِيَامِ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ
Chapter on Fasting on the Day of Ashura
Hadith 611
حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى ، عَنْ مَالِك ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ : " كَانَ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ يَوْمًا تَصُومُهُ قُرَيْشٌ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ ، وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَصُومُهُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْمَدِينَةَ صَامَهُ ، وَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ فَلَمَّا فُرِضَ رَمَضَانُ كَانَ هُوَ الْفَرِيضَةَ ، وَتُرِكَ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ فَمَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهُ "
It is narrated from Umm al-Mu'minin Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), she said: In the days of ignorance, people used to fast on the day of Ashura, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) also used to fast on this day during the time of ignorance. Then when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came to Madinah, he fasted on this day and ordered the people to fast on this day as well. Then when Ramadan was made obligatory, only the fasts of Ramadan remained obligatory, and the fast of Ashura was abandoned, so whoever wishes may fast on this day and whoever wishes may leave it.
Hadith 612
وَحَدَّثَنِي ، عَنْ مَالِك ، عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ عَامَ حَجَّ وَهُوَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ ، يَقُولُ : يَا أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ أَيْنَ عُلَمَاؤُكُمْ ؟ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ لِهَذَا الْيَوْمِ : " هَذَا يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ وَلَمْ يُكْتَبْ عَلَيْكُمْ صِيَامُهُ ، وَأَنَا صَائِمٌ فَمَنْ شَاءَ فَلْيَصُمْ ، وَمَنْ شَاءَ فَلْيُفْطِرْ "
It is narrated from Humaid bin Abdur Rahman bin Awf that he heard from Sayyiduna Muawiyah bin Abi Sufyan, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said, the year he performed Hajj and he was on the pulpit: O people of Madinah! Where are your scholars? I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, say about this day: "This is the day of Ashura, fasting on this day is not obligatory upon you, and I am fasting. So whoever wishes may fast, and whoever wishes may not fast."
Hadith 613
وَحَدَّثَنِي ، عَنْ وَحَدَّثَنِي ، عَنْ مَالِك ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ " أَرْسَلَ إِلَى الْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ أَنَّ غَدًا يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ فَصُمْ ، وَأْمُرْ أَهْلَكَ أَنْ يَصُومُوا "
Imam Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) was informed that Sayyiduna Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) sent a message to Harith ibn Hisham saying: "Tomorrow is the day of Ashura, so fast and order your family to fast as well."
