موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب الطهارةBook: On the Explanation of Purification
بَابُ فِي التَّيَمُّمِ
Chapter on Tayammum (Dry Ablution)
Hadith 119
حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى ، عَنْ مَالِك ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: " خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي بَعْضِ أَسْفَارِهِ ، حَتَّى إِذَا كُنَّا بِالْبَيْدَاءِ أَوْ بِذَاتِ الْجَيْشِ انْقَطَعَ عِقْدٌ لِي ، فَأَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى الْتِمَاسِهِ ، وَأَقَامَ النَّاسُ مَعَهُ وَلَيْسُوا عَلَى مَاءٍ ، وَلَيْسَ مَعَهُمْ مَاءٌ فَأَتَى النَّاسُ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ ، فَقَالُوا: أَلَا تَرَى مَا صَنَعَتْ عَائِشَةُ؟ أَقَامَتْ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَبِالنَّاسِ وَلَيْسُوا عَلَى مَاءٍ وَلَيْسَ مَعَهُمْ مَاءٌ ، قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: فَجَاءَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَاضِعٌ رَأْسَهُ عَلَى فَخِذِي قَدْ نَامَ ، فَقَالَ: حَبَسْتِ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَالنَّاسَ وَلَيْسُوا عَلَى مَاءٍ وَلَيْسَ مَعَهُمْ مَاءٌ ، قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: فَعَاتَبَنِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَقَالَ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنْ يَقُولَ ، وَجَعَلَ يَطْعُنُ بِيَدِهِ فِي خَاصِرَتِي ، فَلَا يَمْنَعُنِي مِنَ التَّحَرُّكِ إِلَّا مَكَانُ رَأْسِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى فَخِذِي ، فَنَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَتَّى أَصْبَحَ عَلَى غَيْرِ مَاءٍ ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى آيَةَ التَّيَمُّمِ فَتَيَمَّمُوا ، فَقَالَ أُسَيْدُ بْنُ حُضَيْرٍ: مَا هِيَ بِأَوَّلِ بَرَكَتِكُمْ يَا آلَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ . قَالَتْ: فَبَعَثْنَا الْبَعِيرَ الَّذِي كُنْتُ عَلَيْهِ ، فَوَجَدْنَا الْعِقْدَ تَحْتَهُ "
It is narrated from Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) that we set out with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) on a journey. When we reached Al-Baida or Dhat al-Jaish, my necklace broke and fell, so the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) stopped to look for it, and the people also stopped with him. There was no water there, nor did the people have any water with them. Then the people came to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) and said, "Do you see what Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) has done? She has made the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and the people stop, and there is no water here, nor do we have any water with us." So Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) came to me, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was resting his head on my thigh and sleeping. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said, "You have held back the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and the people, and there is no water to be found, nor do they have any water." Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) said: Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) became angry with me and began to poke me in my side with his hand. I would have moved, but the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had his blessed head on my thigh, so I could not move. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) continued to sleep until morning came and there was still no water. Then Allah, Glorious and Exalted is He, revealed the verse of tayammum. On that day, Sayyiduna Usayd bin Hudayr (may Allah be pleased with him) said, "O family of Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him)! This is not the first blessing that has come from you. That is, such blessings and comforts have always come to the Muslims through you." Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) said: When we set out to leave, the necklace was found under the camel I was riding.
Hadith 119B1
وَسُئِلَ مَالِك ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَيَمَّمَ لِصَلَاةٍ حَضَرَتْ ثُمَّ حَضَرَتْ صَلَاةٌ أُخْرَى أَيَتَيَمَّمُ لَهَا أَمْ يَكْفِيهِ تَيَمُّمُهُ ذَلِكَ؟ فَقَالَ: بَلْ يَتَيَمَّمُ لِكُلِّ صَلَاةٍ ، لِأَنَّ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَبْتَغِيَ الْمَاءَ لِكُلِّ صَلَاةٍ ، فَمَنِ ابْتَغَى الْمَاءَ فَلَمْ يَجِدْهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَتَيَمَّمُ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, was asked about a person who performed tayammum for one prayer, then the time for another prayer came; should he perform tayammum again or is the previous tayammum sufficient? He replied that he should perform tayammum again.
Hadith 119B2
وَسُئِلَ مَالِك ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَيَمَّمَ أَيَؤُمُّ أَصْحَابَهُ وَهُمْ عَلَى وُضُوءٍ؟ قَالَ: يَؤُمُّهُمْ غَيْرُهُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ وَلَوْ أَمَّهُمْ هُوَ لَمْ أَرَ بِذَلِكَ بَأْسًا .
Yahya said: And Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, was asked about a person who performed tayammum, whether he may lead in prayer those who have performed wudu. So Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If he leads, it is good, and if he does not lead, there is no harm in that either.
Hadith 119B3
قَالَ يَحْيَى: قَالَ مَالِك فِي رَجُلٍ تَيَمَّمَ حِينَ لَمْ يَجِدْ مَاءً ، فَقَامَ وَكَبَّرَ ، وَدَخَلَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَطَلَعَ عَلَيْهِ إِنْسَانٌ مَعَهُ مَاءٌ؟ قَالَ: لَا يَقْطَعُ صَلَاتَهُ بَلْ يُتِمُّهَا بِالتَّيَمُّمِ وَلْيَتَوَضَّأْ لِمَا يُسْتَقْبَلُ مِنَ الصَّلَوَاتِ .
Yahya said: Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person performed tayammum when he did not find water, then he stood for prayer and said the opening takbir, and then a man passed by who had water with him, he should not break his prayer but should complete it with tayammum. After the prayer, if he finds water, he should perform ablution for future prayers.
Hadith 119B4
قَالَ يَحْيَى: قَالَ مَالِك: مَنْ قَامَ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ فَلَمْ يَجِدْ مَاءً ، فَعَمِلَ بِمَا أَمَرَهُ اللَّهُ بِهِ مِنَ التَّيَمُّمِ ، فَقَدْ أَطَاعَ اللَّهَ وَلَيْسَ الَّذِي وَجَدَ الْمَاءَ بِأَطْهَرَ مِنْهُ ، وَلَا أَتَمَّ صَلَاةً لِأَنَّهُمَا أُمِرَا جَمِيعًا فَكُلٌّ عَمِلَ بِمَا أَمَرَهُ اللَّهُ بِهِ ، وَإِنَّمَا الْعَمَلُ بِمَا أَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِهِ مِنَ الْوُضُوءِ لِمَنْ وَجَدَ الْمَاءَ ، وَالتَّيَمُّمِ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدِ الْمَاءَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ .
Yahya said: Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Whoever stands for prayer and does not find water, so he performs tayammum, then he has obeyed Allah, the Glorious and Exalted. Now, whoever finds water is not superior to him in purification or in the merit of prayer, because both acted according to the command of Allah, the Glorious and Exalted, and Allah's command is that whoever finds water before starting the prayer should perform ablution, and whoever does not find it should perform tayammum.
Hadith 119B5
وَقَالَ مَالِك فِي الرَّجُلِ الْجُنُبِ إِنَّهُ يَتَيَمَّمُ ، وَيَقْرَأُ حِزْبَهُ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ ، وَيَتَنَفَّلُ مَا لَمْ يَجِدْ مَاءً: وَإِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ فِي الْمَكَانِ الَّذِي يَجُوزُ لَهُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ فِيهِ بِالتَّيَمُّمِ
Yahya said: Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person is in a state of janabah, he should perform tayammum, and recite as much of the Qur'an as is his usual practice, and perform voluntary prayers until he finds water, as long as he is in a place where it is permissible for him to pray with tayammum.
