موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Malik (Yahya)
كتاب الجهادBook: On the Explanation of Jihad
بَابُ جَامِعِ النَّفْلِ فِي الْغَزْوِComprehensive rulings on voluntary spoils in battle
Hadith 974
قَالَ مَالِك، فِي الْأَجِيرِ فِي الْغَزْوِ : إِنَّهُ إِنْ كَانَ شَهِدَ الْقِتَالَ، وَكَانَ مَعَ النَّاسِ عِنْدَ الْقِتَالِ، وَكَانَ حُرًّا فَلَهُ سَهْمُهُ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ فَلَا سَهْمَ لَهُ ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: A person who works for wages in jihad, if he participates in the fighting with the mujahideen and is free, then he will receive a share from the spoils of war, and if he does not do so, then he will not receive a share.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : سَمِعْتُ مَالِكًا يَقُولُ : وَأَرَى أَنْ لَا يُقْسَمَ، إِلَّا لِمَنْ شَهِدَ الْقِتَالَ مِنَ الْأَحْرَارِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: And in my opinion, the share will be given only to the one who participates in the battle and is free.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِيمَنْ وُجِدَ مِنَ الْعَدُوِّ عَلَى سَاحِلِ الْبَحْرِ بِأَرْضِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَزَعَمُوا أَنَّهُمْ تُجَّارٌ وَأَنَّ الْبَحْرَ لَفِظَهُمْ. وَلَا يَعْرِفُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ تَصْدِيقَ ذَلِكَ إِلَّا أَنَّ مَرَاكِبَهُمْ تَكَسَّرَتْ، أَوْ عَطِشُوا فَنَزَلُوا بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ : أَرَى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ لِلْإِمَامِ. يَرَى فِيهِمْ رَأْيَهُ. وَلَا أَرَى لِمَنْ أَخَذَهُمْ فِيهِمْ خُمُسًا.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If disbelievers are found on the shore of the sea in the land of the Muslims and they say, "We were merchants, the sea cast us here," but the Muslims do not verify this matter, although it is suspected that their ship broke or they disembarked due to thirst without the permission of the Muslims, then the Imam has discretion regarding them, and those who captured them will not receive a fifth (khums).
قَالَ مَالِكٍ : لَا أَرَى بَأْسًا أَنْ يَأْكُلَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ إِذَا دَخَلُوا أَرْضَ الْعَدُوِّ مِنْ طَعَامِهِمْ، مَا وَجَدُوا مِنْ ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقَعَ فِي الْمَقَاسِمِ. ¤ قَالَ مَالِكٍ : وَأَنَا أَرَى الْإِبِلَ وَالْبَقَرَ وَالْغَنَمَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الطَّعَامِ. يَأْكُلُ مِنْهُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ إِذَا دَخَلُوا أَرْضَ الْعَدُوِّ. كَمَا يَأْكُلُونَ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: When Muslims enter the land of the disbelievers and find food items there, it is permissible to eat before distribution.
قَالَ مَالِكٍ : وَلَوْ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ لَا يُؤْكَلُ حَتَّى يَحْضُرَ النَّاسُ الْمَقَاسِمَ، وَيُقْسَمَ بَيْنَهُمْ، أَضَرَّ ذَلِكَ بِالْجُيُوشِ. فَلَا أَرَى بَأْسًا بِمَا أُكِلَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ، عَلَى وَجْهِ الْمَعْرُوفِ. وَلَا أَرَى أَنْ يَدَّخِرَ أَحَدٌ مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا يَرْجِعُ بِهِ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Camels, cattle, and goats are also edible things; it is permissible to eat them before distribution.
وَسُئِلَ مالكٌ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُصِيبُ الطَّعَامَ فِي أَرْضِ الْعَدُوِّ، فَيَأْكُلُ مِنْهُ وَيَتَزَوَّدُ، فَيَفْضُلُ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ، أَيَصْلُحُ لَهُ أَنْ يَحْبِسَهُ فَيَأْكُلَهُ فِي أَهْلِهِ، أَوْ يَبِيعَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْدَمَ بِلَادَهُ فَيَنْتَفِعَ بِثَمَنهِ؟
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If these things are not eaten and are brought for distribution, then it would cause hardship to the army; in this case, eating them is permissible, but only as much as necessary according to custom, and it is not permissible for anyone to keep any of these things aside and take them to his home.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : إِنْ بَاعَهُ وَهُوَ فِي الْغَزْوِ، فَإِنِّي أَرَى أَنْ يَجْعَلَ ثَمَنَهُ فِي غَنَائِمِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ. وَإِنْ بَلَغَ بِهِ بَلَدَهُ، فَلَا أَرَى بَأْسًا أَنْ يَأْكُلَهُ وَيَنْتَفِعَ بِهِ، إِذَا كَانَ يَسِيرًا تَافِهًا.
Imam Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) was asked: If a person finds food in the land of the disbelievers, eats from it, and some remains, is it permissible for him to bring it to his home or to sell it on the way and take its price? Imam Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) replied: If he sells it in the state of jihad, then he should include its price in the spoils of war, and if he returns to his city, then in that case it is permissible to benefit from its food or its price when the thing is small and insignificant.
وَحَدَّثَنِي، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيَّبِ ، يَقُولُ : " كَانَ النَّاسُ فِي الْغَزْوِ إِذَا اقْتَسَمُوا غَنَائِمَهُمْ، يَعْدِلُونَ الْبَعِيرَ بِعَشْرِ شِيَاهٍ " .
It is narrated from Yahya bin Saeed that he heard from Hazrat Saeed bin Musayyib, who said: When people distributed spoils in jihad, they considered one camel equal to ten goats.
