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موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Malik (Yahya)
كتاب الزكاةBook: On the Explanation of Zakat
بَابُ جِزْيَةِ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ وَالْمَجُوسِChapter on Jizya from People of the Book and Magians
Hadith 692
اُردوEn
قَالَ مَالِك : مَضَتِ السُّنَّةُ أَنْ لَا جِزْيَةَ عَلَى نِسَاءِ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ وَلَا عَلَى صِبْيَانِهِمْ ، وَأَنَّ الْجِزْيَةَ لَا تُؤْخَذُ إِلَّا مِنَ الرِّجَالِ الَّذِينَ قَدْ بَلَغُوا الْحُلُمَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The established practice is that jizyah is not to be taken from the women and children of the People of the Book, but rather it is to be taken from the adult men.
وَلَيْسَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ وَلَا عَلَى الْمَجُوسِ فِي نَخِيلِهِمْ وَلَا كُرُومِهِمْ وَلَا زُرُوعِهِمْ وَلَا مَوَاشِيهِمْ صَدَقَةٌ ، لِأَنَّ الصَّدَقَةَ إِنَّمَا وُضِعَتْ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ تَطْهِيرًا لَهُمْ وَرَدًّا عَلَى فُقَرَائِهِمْ ، وَوُضِعَتِ الْجِزْيَةُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ صَغَارًا لَهُمْ فَهُمْ مَا كَانُوا بِبَلَدِهِمُ الَّذِينَ صَالَحُوا عَلَيْهِ ، لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِمْ شَيْءٌ سِوَى الْجِزْيَةِ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ إِلَّا أَنْ يَتَّجِرُوا فِي بِلَادِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ، وَيَخْتَلِفُوا فِيهَا فَيُؤْخَذُ مِنْهُمُ الْعُشْرُ فِيمَا يُدِيرُونَ مِنَ التِّجَارَاتِ ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُمْ إِنَّمَا وُضِعَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الْجِزْيَةُ وَصَالَحُوا عَلَيْهَا عَلَى أَنْ يُقَرُّوا بِبِلَادِهِمْ وَيُقَاتَلُ عَنْهُمْ عَدُوُّهُمْ ، فَمَنْ خَرَجَ مِنْهُمْ مِنْ بِلَادِهِ إِلَى غَيْرِهَا يَتْجُرُ إِلَيْهَا فَعَلَيْهِ الْعُشْرُ مَنْ تَجَرَ مِنْهُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ مِصْرَ إِلَى الشَّامِ ، وَمِنْ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ إِلَى الْعِرَاقِ ، وَمِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ أَوْ الْيَمَنِ أَوْ مَا أَشْبَهَ هَذَا مِنَ الْبِلَادِ فَعَلَيْهِ الْعُشْرُ ، وَلَا صَدَقَةَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ وَلَا الْمَجُوسِ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ وَلَا مِنْ مَوَاشِيهِمْ وَلَا ثِمَارِهِمْ وَلَا زُرُوعِهِمْ ، مَضَتْ بِذَلِكَ السُّنَّةُ وَيُقَرُّونَ عَلَى دِينِهِمْ ، وَيَكُونُونَ عَلَى مَا كَانُوا عَلَيْهِ وَإِنِ اخْتَلَفُوا فِي الْعَامِ الْوَاحِدِ مِرَارًا فِي بِلَادِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ، فَعَلَيْهِمْ كُلَّمَا اخْتَلَفُوا الْعُشْرُ لِأَنَّ ذَلِكَ لَيْسَ مِمَّا صَالَحُوا عَلَيْهِ وَلَا مِمَّا شُرِطَ لَهُمْ ، وَهَذَا الَّذِي أَدْرَكْتُ عَلَيْهِ أَهْلَ الْعِلْمِ بِبَلَدِنَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Zakat will not be taken from the date palm trees, grapevines, agriculture, or livestock of the dhimmis and Magians, because zakat has been prescribed upon the Muslims to purify their wealth and to be given to their poor, and jizya has been prescribed upon the People of the Book to humble them. So as long as they remain in the town where peace has been made with them, nothing will be taken from them except the jizya, from the wealth they carry about for trade. The reason for this is that jizya was prescribed upon them and peace was made on the condition that they remain in their city and be protected from their enemies. So if any of them leaves their country and goes elsewhere for trade, then a tenth will be taken from them—for example, if the people of Egypt go to Syria, or the people of Syria to Iraq, or the people of Iraq to Madinah or Yemen, then a tenth will be taken from them. There is no zakat on the livestock, fruits, or agriculture of the People of the Book and the Magians. This is the established Sunnah, and the disbelievers will be left upon their own religion and creed, and their religion will not be interfered with. And if these disbelievers bring trade goods into Dar al-Islam several times a year, then whenever they come, a tenth will be taken from them, because peace was not made with them on the condition that no levy would be taken from their trade goods. I have found the scholars of my city upon this practice.
وَحَدَّثَنِي ، عَنْ مَالِك ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ كَتَبَ إِلَى عُمَّالِهِ " أَنْ يَضَعُوا الْجِزْيَةَ عَمَّنْ أَسْلَمَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجِزْيَةِ حِينَ يُسْلِمُونَ "
It reached Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, that Umar bin Abdul Aziz, may Allah have mercy on him, wrote to his governors: Those among the people liable to jizyah who become Muslim, exempt them from jizyah.
