موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب الزكاةBook: On the Explanation of Zakat
بَابُ الزَّكَاةِ فِي الدَّيْنِZakat on debts
Hadith 668B1
قَالَ مَالِك : الْأَمْرُ الَّذِي لَا اخْتِلَافَ فِيهِ عِنْدَنَا فِي الدَّيْنِ ، أَنَّ صَاحِبَهُ لَا يُزَكِّيهِ حَتَّى يَقْبِضَهُ ، وَإِنْ أَقَامَ عِنْدَ الَّذِي هُوَ عَلَيْهِ سِنِينَ ذَوَاتِ عَدَدٍ ، ثُمَّ قَبَضَهُ صَاحِبُهُ لَمْ تَجِبْ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا زَكَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ ، فَإِنْ قَبَضَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا لَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الزَّكَاةُ ، فَإِنَّهُ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ سِوَى الَّذِي قُبِضَ تَجِبُ فِيهِ الزَّكَاةُ ، فَإِنَّهُ يُزَكَّى مَعَ مَا قَبَضَ مِنْ دَيْنِهِ ذَلِكَ ، قَالَ : وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ نَاضٌّ غَيْرُ الَّذِي اقْتَضَى مِنْ دَيْنِهِ ، وَكَانَ الَّذِي اقْتَضَى مِنْ دَيْنِهِ لَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الزَّكَاةُ فَلَا زَكَاةَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهِ ، وَلَكِنْ لِيَحْفَظْ عَدَدَ مَا اقْتَضَى فَإِنِ اقْتَضَى بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ عَدَدَ مَا تَتِمُّ بِهِ الزَّكَاةُ مَعَ مَا قَبَضَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ فَعَلَيْهِ فِيهِ الزَّكَاةُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, there is no difference of opinion regarding this ruling that zakat is not obligatory on a loan until it is received. So if the loan remains with the debtor for several years and then is received, zakat for only one year will be obligatory. If the amount of the loan received is less than the nisab, then zakat will not be obligatory on it, except in the case where that person has other wealth as well, so he should combine it and pay zakat on the total. If he does not have any other cash wealth but still has other loans due from debtors, then zakat will not yet be obligatory, but he should keep in mind the amount that has been received. After that, if so much is received that the nisab is completed, then zakat will become obligatory at that time. If he has spent the wealth that was received earlier, even then zakat will be obligatory.
