موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب الزكاةBook: On the Explanation of Zakat
بَابُ الزَّكَاةِ فِي الْعَيْنِ مِنَ الذَّهَبِ وَالْوَرِقِChapter on zakat on gold and silver coins
Hadith 657
وَحَدَّثَنِي ، عَنْ وَحَدَّثَنِي ، عَنْ مَالِك ، عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ : " أَوَّلُ مَنْ أَخَذَ مِنَ الْأَعْطِيَةِ الزَّكَاةَ مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ "
Ibn Shihab said that the first to deduct zakat from salaries was Sayyiduna Muawiyah (may Allah be pleased with him).
قَالَ مَالِك : السُّنَّةُ الَّتِي لَا اخْتِلَافَ فِيهَا عِنْدَنَا أَنَّ الزَّكَاةَ تَجِبُ فِي عِشْرِينَ دِينَارًا عَيْنًا كَمَا تَجِبُ فِي مِائَتَيْ دِرْهَمٍ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, the agreed-upon Sunnah is that just as zakat becomes obligatory on two hundred dirhams, it likewise becomes obligatory on twenty dinars of gold.
قَالَ مَالِك : لَيْسَ فِي عِشْرِينَ دِينَارًا نَاقِصَةً بَيِّنَةَ النُّقْصَانِ زَكَاةٌ ، فَإِنْ زَادَتْ حَتَّى تَبْلُغَ بِزِيَادَتِهَا عِشْرِينَ دِينَارًا وَازِنَةً فَفِيهَا الزَّكَاةُ ، وَلَيْسَ فِيمَا دُونَ عِشْرِينَ دِينَارًا عَيْنًا الزَّكَاةُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If twenty dinars are so light in weight that their value does not reach the full twenty dinars, then there is no zakat on them. If they are more than twenty and their value is equal to the full twenty dinars, then zakat is obligatory on them. And there is no zakat on less than twenty dinars.
وَلَيْسَ فِي مِائَتَيْ دِرْهَمٍ نَاقِصَةً بَيِّنَةَ النُّقْصَانِ زَكَاةٌ ، فَإِنْ زَادَتْ حَتَّى تَبْلُغَ بِزِيَادَتِهَا مِائَتَيْ دِرْهَمٍ وَافِيَةً فَفِيهَا الزَّكَاةُ ، فَإِنْ كَانَتْ تَجُوزُ بِجَوَازِ الْوَازِنَةِ رَأَيْتُ فِيهَا الزَّكَاةَ دَنَانِيرَ كَانَتْ أَوْ دَرَاهِمَ
Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Similarly, if two hundred dirhams are less in weight so that their value does not reach the full two hundred dirhams, then there is no zakat on them. However, if they are more than two hundred and equal to the full two hundred dirhams, then zakat is obligatory. But if these dinars and dirhams, which are light in weight, are equivalent to full dinars and dirhams, then zakat is obligatory on them.
قَالَ مَالِك فِي رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ عِنْدَهُ سِتُّونَ وَمِائَةُ دِرْهَمٍ وَازِنَةً وَصَرْفُ الدَّرَاهِمِ بِبَلَدِهِ ثَمَانِيَةُ دَرَاهِمَ بِدِينَارٍ : أَنَّهَا لَا تَجِبُ فِيهَا الزَّكَاةُ ، وَإِنَّمَا تَجِبُ الزَّكَاةُ فِي عِشْرِينَ دِينَارًا عَيْنًا أَوْ مِائَتَيْ دِرْهَمٍ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person has exactly one hundred and sixty dirhams, and in his city eight dirhams equal one dinar, then zakat will not be obligatory, because zakat becomes obligatory when he possesses twenty dinars or two hundred dirhams.
قَالَ مَالِك فِي رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ لَهُ خَمْسَةُ دَنَانِيرَ مِنْ فَائِدَةٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهَا فَتَجَرَ فِيهَا ، فَلَمْ يَأْتِ الْحَوْلُ حَتَّى بَلَغَتْ مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الزَّكَاةُ : أَنَّهُ يُزَكِّيهَا وَإِنْ لَمْ تَتِمَّ إِلَّا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَحُولَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَوْلُ بِيَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ أَوْ بَعْدَ مَا يَحُولُ عَلَيْهَا الْحَوْلُ بِيَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ ، ثُمَّ لَا زَكَاةَ فِيهَا حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَوْلُ مِنْ يَوْمَ زُكِّيَتْ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: A man had five dinars, so he traded with them, and before the year ended, they reached the amount on which zakat becomes obligatory, then he must pay zakat, even if those dinars reached that amount one day before or one day after the end of the year. After that, zakat will not be due on them until another year has passed.
وَقَالَ مَالِك فِي رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ لَهُ عَشَرَةُ دَنَانِيرَ ، فَتَجَرَ فِيهَا فَحَالَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَوْلُ وَقَدْ بَلَغَتْ عِشْرِينَ دِينَارًا : أَنَّهُ يُزَكِّيهَا مَكَانَهَا وَلَا يَنْتَظِرُ بِهَا أَنْ يَحُولَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَوْلُ مِنْ يَوْمَ بَلَغَتْ مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الزَّكَاةُ ، لِأَنَّ الْحَوْلَ قَدْ حَالَ عَلَيْهَا وَهِيَ عِنْدَهُ عِشْرُونَ ثُمَّ لَا زَكَاةَ فِيهَا حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَوْلُ مِنْ يَوْمَ زُكِّيَتْ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: A person had ten dinars, from which he traded, and by the end of the year they reached twenty dinars, then zakat will be obligatory on it. It will not be that he waits for a year to pass from when it reached twenty dinars. Because when the year passed, he had twenty dinars, then zakat will not be due on it again until another year passes.
قَالَ مَالِك : الْأَمْرُ الْمُجْتَمَعُ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَنَا فِي إِجَارَةِ الْعَبِيدِ وَخَرَاجِهِمْ وَكِرَاءِ الْمَسَاكِينِ وَكِتَابَةِ الْمُكَاتَبِ ، أَنَّهُ لَا تَجِبُ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الزَّكَاةُ قَلَّ ذَلِكَ أَوْ كَثُرَ حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَوْلُ مِنْ يَوْمِ يَقْبِضُهُ صَاحِبُهُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, it is a matter of consensus that zakat is not obligatory on the wages and rent of slaves, nor on the compensation of a mukatab for his contract of manumission, whether it is little or much, until these things come into the possession of the owner and a year passes over them.
وَقَالَ مَالِك فِي الذَّهَبِ وَالْوَرِقِ : يَكُونُ بَيْنَ الشُّرَكَاءِ إِنَّ مَنْ بَلَغَتْ حِصَّتُهُ مِنْهُمْ عِشْرِينَ دِينَارًا عَيْنًا أَوْ مِائَتَيْ دِرْهَمٍ ، فَعَلَيْهِ فِيهَا الزَّكَاةُ وَمَنْ نَقَصَتْ حِصَّتُهُ عَمَّا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الزَّكَاةُ فَلَا زَكَاةَ عَلَيْهِ ، وَإِنْ بَلَغَتْ حِصَصُهُمْ جَمِيعًا مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الزَّكَاةُ ، وَكَانَ بَعْضُهُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ أَفْضَلَ نَصِيبًا مِنْ بَعْضٍ ، أُخِذَ مِنْ كُلِّ إِنْسَانٍ مِنْهُمْ بِقَدْرِ حِصَّتِهِ إِذَا كَانَ فِي حِصَّةِ كُلِّ إِنْسَانٍ مِنْهُمْ مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ الزَّكَاةُ ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " لَيْسَ فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسِ أَوَاقٍ مِنَ الْوَرِقِ صَدَقَةٌ "
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If there are several partners in gold and silver, then whoever's share reaches twenty dinars or two hundred dirhams, zakat will be obligatory on him, and whoever's share is less than this, zakat will not be obligatory on him. And if all the shares reach the nisab, but some have more and some have less, then zakat will be taken from each according to his share, provided that each one's share reaches the nisab, because the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "There is no zakat on silver less than five awqiyah."
قَالَ مَالِك : وَهَذَا أَحَبُّ مَا سَمِعْتُ إِلَيَّ فِي ذَلِكَ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This statement is very pleasing to me.
قَالَ مَالِك : وَإِذَا كَانَتْ لِرَجُلٍ ذَهَبٌ أَوْ وَرِقٌ مُتَفَرِّقَةٌ بِأَيْدِي أُنَاسٍ شَتَّى ، فَإِنَّهُ يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يُحْصِيَهَا جَمِيعًا ، ثُمَّ يُخْرِجَ مَا وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ زَكَاتِهَا كُلِّهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person's silver and gold are with different people, he should gather all of it and pay its zakat.
قَالَ مَالِك : وَمَنْ أَفَادَ ذَهَبًا أَوْ وَرِقًا إِنَّهُ لَا زَكَاةَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهَا ، حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَوْلُ مِنْ يَوْمَ أَفَادَهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Whoever acquires gold or silver, there is no zakat upon it until a year has passed from the day he acquired it.
