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موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Malik (Yahya)
كتاب وقوت الصلاةBook: On the Explanation of Prayer Times
بَابُ وُقُوْتِ الصَّلَاةِChapter on the times of prayer
Hadith 5
اُردوEn
وَحَدَّثَنِي ، عَنْ مَالِك ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ مَوْلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ، كَتَبَ إِلَى عُمَّالِهِ : " إِنَّ أَهَمَّ أَمْرِكُمْ عِنْدِي الصَّلَاةُ ، فَمَنْ حَفِظَهَا وَحَافَظَ عَلَيْهَا ، حَفِظَ دِينَهُ ، وَمَنْ ضَيَّعَهَا فَهُوَ لِمَا سِوَاهَا أَضْيَعُ . ثُمَّ كَتَبَ : أَنْ صَلُّوا الظُّهْرَ ، إِذَا كَانَ الْفَيْءُ ذِرَاعًا إِلَى أَنْ يَكُونَ ظِلُّ أَحَدِكُمْ مِثْلَهُ ، وَالْعَصْرَ وَالشَّمْسُ مُرْتَفِعَةٌ بَيْضَاءُ نَقِيَّةٌ قَدْرَ مَا يَسِيرُ الرَّاكِبُ فَرْسَخَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةً قَبْلَ غُرُوبِ الشَّمْسِ ، وَالْمَغْرِبَ إِذَا غَرَبَتِ الشَّمْسُ ، وَالْعِشَاءَ إِذَا غَابَ الشَّفَقُ إِلَى ثُلُثِ اللَّيْلِ ، فَمَنْ نَامَ فَلَا نَامَتْ عَيْنُهُ ، فَمَنْ نَامَ فَلَا نَامَتْ عَيْنُهُ ، فَمَنْ نَامَ فَلَا نَامَتْ عَيْنُهُ ، وَالصُّبْحَ وَالنُّجُومُ بَادِيَةٌ مُشْتَبِكَةٌ "
Nafi’ narrates from the freed slave (mawla) of Abdullah ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both): Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote to his governors that among all your duties, prayer is the most necessary and important in my view. Whoever learns the rulings and regulations of prayer and offers it at its proper time has safeguarded his religion. Whoever neglects the prayer will neglect other duties even more. Then he wrote: Perform the Zuhr prayer when the sun declines and the shadow is equal to the length of a man’s hand, until the shadow becomes equal to the man himself. And perform the Asr prayer as long as the sun is high and white, such that after the Asr prayer, a man riding a camel could travel six or nine miles before sunset. And perform the Maghrib prayer when the sun sets, and perform the Isha prayer when the twilight disappears, up to one-third of the night. Whoever sleeps before the Isha prayer, may Allah not let his eyes rest, may his eyes not rest, may his eyes not rest. And perform the Fajr prayer while the stars are still clearly visible and shining.
Explanation & Benefits
Hafiz Abu Samee'ah
Benefit:
From this letter of Umar al-Faruq radi Allahu anhu, it is understood that the ruler of the time should continue to train his subordinate officials, especially emphasizing the observance of prayer (salah). Whoever cannot fulfill this divine obligation as it deserves cannot be qualified to properly discharge any religious or worldly, public or collective responsibility.
In this narration as well, the end time for Dhuhr is mentioned as being at the time when the shadow is equal (to the object), and it is also encouraged to perform the Asr prayer early. Regarding the term "shafaq," Ibn Umar radi Allahu anhuma says: «الشَّفَقُ الحُمْرَةُ» By "shafaq" is meant redness. [مصنف عبدالرزاق: 2122، بيهقي: 373/1 - سند صحيح هے]
Umar al-Faruq radi Allahu anhu cursed the one who sleeps before the Isha prayer because the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam «كَانَ يَكْرَهُ التَّوْمَ قَبْلَهَا وَالْحَدِيثَ بَعْدَهَا» "used to dislike sleeping before the Isha prayer and talking after it." [بخاري: 547، مسلم: 647]
Furthermore, the meaning of performing the Fajr prayer while the stars are still visible is that the Fajr prayer should be performed in darkness throughout the entire Islamic state.
From this letter of Umar al-Faruq radi Allahu anhu, it is understood that the ruler of the time should continue to train his subordinate officials, especially emphasizing the observance of prayer (salah). Whoever cannot fulfill this divine obligation as it deserves cannot be qualified to properly discharge any religious or worldly, public or collective responsibility.
In this narration as well, the end time for Dhuhr is mentioned as being at the time when the shadow is equal (to the object), and it is also encouraged to perform the Asr prayer early. Regarding the term "shafaq," Ibn Umar radi Allahu anhuma says: «الشَّفَقُ الحُمْرَةُ» By "shafaq" is meant redness. [مصنف عبدالرزاق: 2122، بيهقي: 373/1 - سند صحيح هے]
Umar al-Faruq radi Allahu anhu cursed the one who sleeps before the Isha prayer because the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam «كَانَ يَكْرَهُ التَّوْمَ قَبْلَهَا وَالْحَدِيثَ بَعْدَهَا» "used to dislike sleeping before the Isha prayer and talking after it." [بخاري: 547، مسلم: 647]
Furthermore, the meaning of performing the Fajr prayer while the stars are still visible is that the Fajr prayer should be performed in darkness throughout the entire Islamic state.
Source: Muwatta Imam Malik by Abu Samia Mahmood Tabassum, Page: 5
