موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب القسامةBook: On the Explanation of Qasamah (Oath in Murder Cases)
بَابُ تَبْدِئَةِ أَهْلِ الدَّمِ فِي الْقَسَامَةِChapter on giving precedence to the family of the victim in qasamah (oath procedure)
Hadith 1539B4
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَإِنَّمَا فُرِقَ بَيْنَ الْقَسَامَةِ فِي الدَّمِ وَالْأَيْمَانِ فِي الْحُقُوقِ، أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ إِذَا دَايَنَ الرَّجُلَ اسْتَثْبَتَ عَلَيْهِ فِي حَقِّهِ، وَأَنَّ الرَّجُلَ إِذَا أَرَادَ قَتْلَ الرَّجُلِ لَمْ يَقْتُلْهُ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ، وَإِنَّمَا يَلْتَمِسُ الْخَلْوَةَ، قَالَ : فَلَوْ لَمْ تَكُنِ الْقَسَامَةُ إِلَّا فِيمَا تَثْبُتُ فِيهِ الْبَيِّنَةُ، وَلَوْ عُمِلَ فِيهَا كَمَا يُعْمَلُ فِي الْحُقُوقِ هَلَكَتِ الدِّمَاءُ، وَاجْتَرَأَ النَّاسُ عَلَيْهَا إِذَا عَرَفُوا الْقَضَاءَ فِيهَا، وَلَكِنْ إِنَّمَا جُعِلَتِ الْقَسَامَةُ إِلَى وُلَاةِ الْمَقْتُولِ، يُبَدَّءُونَ بِهَا فِيهَا، لِيَكُفَّ النَّاسُ عَنِ الدَّمِ، وَلِيَحْذَرَ الْقَاتِلُ أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ فِي مِثْلِ ذَلِكَ بِقَوْلِ الْمَقْتُولِ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if the claimant takes an oath, he will have the right to the blood, and he can kill the person upon whom he swore, but only one person, not two or more. First, fifty oaths will be taken from the claimants; if there are fifty people, each will take one oath. If there are fewer than fifty, or if some of them refuse to take the oath, then repeated oaths will be taken to complete fifty oaths. However, if among the heirs of the murdered person, those who have the right to pardon, any one of them refuses to take the oath, then retaliation (qisas) will not be obligatory. But if among those who do not have the right to pardon, someone refuses to take the oath, then oaths will be taken from the remaining people. And if among those who have the right to pardon, even one refuses to take the oath, then the remaining heirs will also not be given the oath. Rather, in this case, the defendants will be given the oath; among them, fifty people will be given fifty oaths. If there are fewer than fifty, then repeated oaths will be taken to complete fifty. If there is only one defendant, fifty oaths will be taken from him; when he takes fifty oaths, he will be acquitted.
