موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب القسامةBook: On the Explanation of Qasamah (Oath in Murder Cases)
بَابُ تَبْدِئَةِ أَهْلِ الدَّمِ فِي الْقَسَامَةِChapter on giving precedence to the family of the victim in qasamah (oath procedure)
Hadith 1539B3
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فَإِنْ حَلَفَ الْمُدَّعُونَ اسْتَحَقُّوا دَمَ صَاحِبِهِمْ، وَقَتَلُوا مَنْ حَلَفُوا عَلَيْهِ، وَلَا يُقْتَلُ فِي الْقَسَامَةِ إِلَّا وَاحِدٌ، لَا يُقْتَلُ فِيهَا اثْنَانِ، يَحْلِفُ مِنْ وُلَاةِ الدَّمِ خَمْسُونَ رَجُلًا خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا، فَإِنْ قَلَّ عَدَدُهُمْ أَوْ نَكَلَ بَعْضُهُمْ، رُدَّتِ الْأَيْمَانُ عَلَيْهِمْ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَنْكُلَ أَحَدٌ مِنْ وُلَاةِ الْمَقْتُولِ، وُلَاةِ الدَّمِ الَّذِينَ يَجُوزُ لَهُمُ الْعَفْوُ عَنْهُ، فَإِنْ نَكَلَ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أُولَئِكَ، فَلَا سَبِيلَ إِلَى الدَّمِ إِذَا نَكَلَ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَإِنَّمَا تُرَدُّ الْأَيْمَانُ عَلَى مَنْ بَقِيَ مِنْهُمْ إِذَا نَكَلَ أَحَدٌ مِمَّنْ لَا يَجُوزُ لَهُ عَفْوٌ، فَإِنْ نَكَلَ أَحَدٌ مِنْ وُلَاةِ الدَّمِ الَّذِينَ يَجُوزُ لَهُمُ الْعَفْوُ عَنِ الدَّمِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ وَاحِدًا، فَإِنَّ الْأَيْمَانَ لَا تُرَدُّ عَلَى مَنْ بَقِيَ مِنْ وُلَاةِ الدَّمِ، إِذَا نَكَلَ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ عَنِ الْأَيْمَانِ، وَلَكِنِ الْأَيْمَانُ إِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ تُرَدُّ عَلَى الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِمْ، فَيَحْلِفُ مِنْهُمْ خَمْسُونَ رَجُلًا خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَبْلُغُوا خَمْسِينَ رَجُلًا رُدَّتِ الْأَيْمَانُ عَلَى مَنْ حَلَفَ مِنْهُمْ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يُوجَدْ أَحَدٌ يَحْلِفُ إِلَّا الَّذِي ادُّعِيَ عَلَيْهِ حَلَفَ هُوَ خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا وَبَرِئَ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that there is no difference of opinion in this Sunnah that the oath should first be taken from those who claim the blood, whether it is intentional murder or accidental killing, and the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, ordered the Banu Harith, whose relative was killed in Khaybar, to take the oath first.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if the claimants take the oath, they will have the right to the blood; they can kill the person upon whom they have sworn, but only one person, not two or more. So first, fifty oaths will be taken from the claimants; if they are fifty people, each one will take one oath, and if they are less than fifty or some of them refuse to take the oath, then repeated oaths will be taken to complete fifty oaths. However, if among the heirs of the murdered person, those who have the right to pardon, any one of them refuses to take the oath, then Qisas (retaliation) will not be obligatory. But if among those who do not have the right to pardon, someone refuses to take the oath, then oaths will be taken from the remaining people. And among those who have the right to pardon, if even one refuses to take the oath, then the remaining heirs will also not be given the oath. Rather, in this case, the defendants will be given the oath; among them, fifty people will be given fifty oaths, and if they are less than fifty, then repeated oaths will be taken to complete fifty. If there is only one defendant, then fifty oaths will be taken from him; when he takes fifty oaths, he will be acquitted.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if the claimants take the oath, they will have the right to the blood; they can kill the person upon whom they have sworn, but only one person, not two or more. So first, fifty oaths will be taken from the claimants; if they are fifty people, each one will take one oath, and if they are less than fifty or some of them refuse to take the oath, then repeated oaths will be taken to complete fifty oaths. However, if among the heirs of the murdered person, those who have the right to pardon, any one of them refuses to take the oath, then Qisas (retaliation) will not be obligatory. But if among those who do not have the right to pardon, someone refuses to take the oath, then oaths will be taken from the remaining people. And among those who have the right to pardon, if even one refuses to take the oath, then the remaining heirs will also not be given the oath. Rather, in this case, the defendants will be given the oath; among them, fifty people will be given fifty oaths, and if they are less than fifty, then repeated oaths will be taken to complete fifty. If there is only one defendant, then fifty oaths will be taken from him; when he takes fifty oaths, he will be acquitted.
