موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب القسامةBook: On the Explanation of Qasamah (Oath in Murder Cases)
بَابُ تَبْدِئَةِ أَهْلِ الدَّمِ فِي الْقَسَامَةِChapter on giving precedence to the family of the victim in qasamah (oath procedure)
Hadith 1539B1
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : الْأَمْرُ الْمُجْتَمَعُ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَنَا، وَالَّذِي سَمِعْتُ مِمَّنْ أَرْضَى فِي الْقَسَامَةِ، وَالَّذِي اجْتَمَعَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْأَئِمَّةُ فِي الْقَدِيمِ وَالْحَدِيثِ، أَنْ يَبْدَأَ بِالْأَيْمَانِ الْمُدَّعُونَ فِي الْقَسَامَةِ فَيَحْلِفُونَ، وَأَنَّ الْقَسَامَةَ لَا تَجِبُ إِلَّا بِأَحَدِ أَمْرَيْنِ، إِمَّا أَنْ يَقُولَ الْمَقْتُولُ : دَمِي عِنْدَ فُلَانٍ، أَوْ يَأْتِيَ وُلَاةُ الدَّمِ بِلَوْثٍ مِنْ بَيِّنَةٍ، وَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ قَاطِعَةً عَلَى الَّذِي يُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ الدَّمُ، فَهَذَا يُوجِبُ الْقَسَامَةَ لِلْمُدَّعِينَ الدَّمَ عَلَى مَنِ ادَّعَوْهُ عَلَيْهِ، وَلَا تَجِبُ الْقَسَامَةُ عِنْدَنَا إِلَّا بِأَحَدِ هَذَيْنِ الْوَجْهَيْنِ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, this ruling is agreed upon, and I have heard it from many good scholars, and the earlier and later scholars have agreed upon it, that in Qasamah, the oath will first be taken from the claimants; they will take the oath (if they do not take the oath, then the oath will be taken from the defendants, and if they take the oath, they will be acquitted), and Qasamah becomes necessary due to one of two matters: either the murdered person himself says, "So-and-so killed me" (and there are no witnesses), or the heirs of the murdered person express suspicion against someone and the testimony is not complete, then for these two reasons Qasamah becomes necessary for them.
