Toggle above to switch between keyword search and direct hadith lookup
موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Malik (Yahya)
كتاب العقولBook: On the Explanation of Blood Money
بَابُ جَامِعِ الْعَقْلِComprehensive Chapter on Compensation
Hadith 1531
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ ، وَأَبِي سَلَمَةَ ابْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " جَرْحُ الْعَجْمَاءِ جُبَارٌ، وَالْبِئْرُ جُبَارٌ، وَالْمَعْدِنُ جُبَارٌ، وَفِي الرِّكَازِ الْخُمُسُ " .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If an animal harms someone, there is no compensation for it; if someone falls into a well and dies, there is no compensation for it; if a laborer dies while digging a mine, there is no compensation for it; and one-fifth will be taken from the (disbelievers') buried treasure."
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : الْقَائِدُ وَالسَّائِقُ وَالرَّاكِبُ كُلُّهُمْ ضَامِنُونَ لِمَا أَصَابَتِ الدَّابَّةُ، إِلَّا أَنْ تَرْمَحَ الدَّابَّةُ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يُفْعَلَ بِهَا شَيْءٌ تَرْمَحُ لَهُ. وَقَدْ قَضَى عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ فِي الَّذِي أَجْرَى فَرَسَهُ بِالْعَقْلِ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that the person who is pulling the animal from the front, or driving it from behind, or the one who is riding it, will pay compensation if the animal harms someone. But if it kicks someone on its own, then there is no compensation. Sayyiduna Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, ordered the payment of blood money by the person who trampled someone by running his horse.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فَالْقَائِدُ وَالرَّاكِبُ وَالسَّائِقُ أَحْرَى أَنْ يَغْرَمُوا مِنَ الَّذِي أَجْرَى فَرَسَهُ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that when the one who makes (the animal) run is liable, then the one who pulls, drives, or rides (it) will certainly be liable.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَالْأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا فِي الَّذِي يَحْفِرُ الْبِئْرَ عَلَى الطَّرِيقِ، أَوْ يَرْبِطُ الدَّابَّةَ، أَوْ يَصْنَعُ أَشْبَاهَ هَذَا عَلَى طَرِيقِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، أَنَّ مَا صَنَعَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا لَا يَجُوزُ لَهُ أَنْ يَصْنَعَهُ عَلَى طَرِيقِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَهُوَ ضَامِنٌ لِمَا أُصِيبَ فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ جَرْحٍ، أَوْ غَيْرِهِ فَمَا كَانَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ عَقْلُهُ دُونَ ثُلُثِ الدِّيَةِ فَهُوَ فِي مَالِهِ خَاصَّةً، وَمَا بَلَغَ الثُّلُثَ فَصَاعِدًا، فَهُوَ عَلَى الْعَاقِلَةِ، وَمَا صَنَعَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا يَجُوزُ لَهُ أَنْ يَصْنَعَهُ عَلَى طَرِيقِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَلَا ضَمَانَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهِ، وَلَا غُرْمَ وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْبِئْرُ يَحْفِرُهَا الرَّجُلُ لِلْمَطَرِ وَالدَّابَّةُ يَنْزِلُ عَنْهَا الرَّجُلُ لِلْحَاجَةِ فَيَقِفُهَا عَلَى الطَّرِيقِ، فَلَيْسَ عَلَى أَحَدٍ فِي هَذَا غُرْمٌ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, this ruling is agreed upon that whoever digs a well in the road, or ties an animal, or does any similar act, it is not permissible to do so on the road, and if someone is harmed because of it, then he will be liable; he will pay from his wealth up to one-third of the blood money, and if it exceeds one-third, it will be taken from his 'aqilah. And if he does an act that is permissible, then there will be no liability upon him, such as digging a pit for rainwater, or dismounting from his animal for some work and making it stand on the road.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي الرَّجُلِ يَنْزِلُ فِي الْبِئْرِ، فَيُدْرِكُهُ رَجُلٌ آخَرُ فِي أَثَرِهِ، فَيَجْبِذُ الْأَسْفَلُ الْأَعْلَى، فَيَخِرَّانِ فِي الْبِئْرِ فَيَهْلِكَانِ جَمِيعًا أَنَّ عَلَى عَاقِلَةِ الَّذِي جَبَذَهُ الدِّيَةَ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person goes down into a well, then another person goes down, and now the one below pulls the one above, and both fall and die, then the blood money will be obligatory on the 'aqilah of the one who pulled.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي الصَّبِيِّ يَأْمُرُهُ الرَّجُلُ يَنْزِلُ فِي الْبِئْرِ أَوْ يَرْقَى فِي النَّخْلَةِ، فَيَهْلِكُ فِي ذَلِكَ أَنَّ الَّذِي أَمَرَهُ ضَامِنٌ لِمَا أَصَابَهُ مِنْ هَلَاكٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person orders a child to descend into a well, or to climb a tree, and that boy is killed, then that person will be liable for his blood money or for the loss.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : الْأَمْرُ الَّذِي لَا اخْتِلَافَ فِيهِ عِنْدَنَا أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ عَقْلٌ يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يَعْقِلُوهُ مَعَ الْعَاقِلَةِ فِيمَا تَعْقِلُهُ الْعَاقِلَةُ مِنَ الدِّيَاتِ، وَإِنَّمَا يَجِبُ الْعَقْلُ عَلَى مَنْ بَلَغَ الْحُلُمَ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, the ruling is that women and children are not included in the 'Aqilah; rather, the blood money will be taken from adult men.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَالْأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا فِيمَا أُصِيبَ مِنَ الْبَهَائِمِ أَنَّ عَلَى مَنْ أَصَابَ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا قَدْرَ مَا نَقَصَ مِنْ ثَمَنِهَا. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Whoever causes harm to someone’s animal, then compensation equivalent to the decrease in its value due to that harm will be obligatory.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِ الْقَتْلُ فَيُصِيبُ حَدًّا مِنَ الْحُدُودِ أَنَّهُ لَا يُؤْخَذُ بِهِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْقَتْلَ يَأْتِي عَلَى ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ إِلَّا الْفِرْيَةَ، فَإِنَّهَا تَثْبُتُ عَلَى مَنْ قِيلَتْ لَهُ يُقَالُ لَهُ : مَا لَكَ لَمْ تَجْلِدْ مَنِ افْتَرَى عَلَيْكَ، فَأَرَى أَنْ يُجْلَدَ الْمَقْتُولُ الْحَدَّ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يُقْتَلَ، ثُمَّ يُقْتَلَ، وَلَا أَرَى أَنْ يُقَادَ مِنْهُ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الْجِرَاحِ إِلَّا الْقَتْلَ لِأَنَّ الْقَتْلَ يَأْتِي عَلَى ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person becomes liable to be killed in retaliation (qisas), and then he commits an act that necessitates a hadd punishment (for example, he commits adultery for which flogging or stoning is required, or he steals for which cutting of the hand is required), then he should not be punished with any hadd; only the killing is sufficient, except in the case of the hadd of qadhf (false accusation of adultery), in which case he should be flogged and then killed. If he has wounded someone, it is not necessary to take retaliation for the wound; killing is sufficient.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : الْأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا أَنَّ الْقَتِيلَ إِذَا وُجِدَ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَانَيْ قَوْمٍ فِي قَرْيَةٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهَا لَمْ يُؤْخَذْ بِهِ أَقْرَبُ النَّاسِ إِلَيْهِ دَارًا، وَلَا مَكَانًا، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ قَدْ يُقْتَلُ الْقَتِيلُ، ثُمَّ يُلْقَى عَلَى بَابِ قَوْمٍ لِيُلَطَّخُوا بِهِ فَلَيْسَ يُؤَاخَذُ أَحَدٌ بِمِثْلِ ذَلِكَ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, the ruling is that if a dead body is found in a village or elsewhere, or at someone's door, it is not necessary that those who are nearby should be apprehended, because it often happens that people kill someone and place the body at someone's door so that person may be caught.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي جَمَاعَةٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ، اقْتَتَلُوا فَانْكَشَفُوا، وَبَيْنَهُمْ قَتِيلٌ أَوْ جَرِيحٌ، لَا يُدْرَى مَنْ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ بِهِ، إِنَّ أَحْسَنَ مَا سُمِعَ فِي ذَلِكَ، أَنَّ عَلَيْهِ الْعَقْلَ، وَأَنَّ عَقْلَهُ عَلَى الْقَوْمِ الَّذِينَ نَازَعُوهُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ الْجَرِيحُ أَوِ الْقَتِيلُ مِنْ غَيْرِ الْفَرِيقَيْنِ فَعَقْلُهُ عَلَى الْفَرِيقَيْنِ جَمِيعًا.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if several people fight together, and after they separate, a person among them is found killed or wounded, but during the commotion it is not known who killed or wounded him, then the blood money (diyah) will be obligatory upon the tribe of the other party (i.e., the one who does not have the slain person). And if that person does not belong to either party, then the blood money will be obligatory upon both parties.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي عَقْلِ الْمَوَالِي، تُلْزَمُهُ الْعَاقِلَةُ إِنْ شَاءُوا، وَإِنْ أَبَوْا كَانُوا أَهْلَ دِيوَانٍ، أَوْ مُقْطَعِينَ، وَقَدْ تَعَاقَلَ النَّاسُ فِي زَمَنِ رَسُولِ اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَفِي زَمَانِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَكُونَ دِيوَانٌ، وَإِنَّمَا كَانَ الدِّيوَانُ فِي زَمَانِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، فَلَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَعْقِلَ عَنْهُ غَيْرُ قَوْمِهِ وَمَوَالِيهِ، لِأَنَّ الْوَلَاءَ لَا يَنْتَقِلُ، وَلِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : ” الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ.“ قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَالْوَلَاءُ نَسَبٌ ثَابِتٌ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that the blood money (diyah) of a freed slave (mawla) will be upon his 'aqilah (male relatives responsible for blood money), even if they are not currently employed in the government register, as was the case during the time of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and during the time of our master Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with him. This is because the register was established during the time of our master Umar, may Allah be pleased with him. Therefore, the blood money of each person will be paid by his mawali (clients) and his people, because the right of wala’ (clientship) also belongs to them. And the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "Wala’ belongs to the one who sets free."
