موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب الفرائضBook: On the Explanation of Division of Inheritance
بَابُ الْعَمَلِ فِيْمَنْ جُهِلَ أَمْرُهُ بِالْقَتْلِ أَوْ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَChapter on Actions Regarding Unknown Cases of Killing or Other Matters
Hadith 1491B2
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : لَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَرِثَ أَحَدٌ أَحَدًا بِالشَّكِّ، وَلَا يَرِثُ أَحَدٌ أَحَدًا إِلَّا بِالْيَقِينِ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ، وَالشُّهَدَاءِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ يَهْلَكُ هُوَ وَمَوْلَاهُ الَّذِي أَعْتَقَهُ أَبُوهُ، فَيَقُولُ بَنُو الرَّجُلِ الْعَرَبِيِّ : قَدْ وَرِثَهُ أَبُونَا. فَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَرِثُوهُ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ وَلَا شَهَادَةٍ. إِنَّهُ مَاتَ قَبْلَهُ. وَإِنَّمَا يَرِثُهُ أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِهِ مِنَ الْأَحْيَاءِ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that no one will inherit from another based on doubt, but rather inheritance will be established through knowledge and certainty. For example, if a person dies and his father's freed slave (mawla) dies, and now his sons say: "Our father was the heir of this mawla," this cannot be accepted until it is proven with knowledge, certainty, or witnesses that the mawla died first. Until then, the living heirs of the mawla will receive his estate.
