موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب الفرائضBook: On the Explanation of Division of Inheritance
بَابُ مَنْ لَا مِيرَاثَ لَهُChapter on Those Who Have No Inheritance
Hadith 1486Q5
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَإِنَّهُ لَا تَرِثُ امْرَأَةٌ، هِيَ أَبْعَدُ نَسَبًا مِنَ الْمُتَوَفَّى، مِمَّنْ سُمِّيَ فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ، بِرَحِمِهَا شَيْئًا. وَإِنَّهُ لَا يَرِثُ أَحَدٌ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ شَيْئًا. إِلَّا حَيْثُ سُمِّينَ. وَإِنَّمَا ذَكَرَ اللّٰهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى فِي كِتَابِهِ. مِيرَاثَ الْأُمِّ مِنْ وَلَدِهَا، وَمِيرَاثَ الْبَنَاتِ مِنْ أَبِيهِنَّ، وَمِيرَاثَ الزَّوْجَةِ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا، وَمِيرَاثَ الْأَخَوَاتِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ، وَمِيرَاثَ الْأَخَوَاتِ لِلْأَبِ، وَمِيرَاثَ الْأَخَوَاتِ لِلْأُمِّ، وَوَرِثَتِ الْجَدَّةُ بِالَّذِي جَاءَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِيهَا، وَالْمَرْأَةُ تَرِثُ مَنْ أَعْتَقَتْ هِيَ نَفْسُهَا. لِأَنَّ اللّٰهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى قَالَ فِي كِتَابِهِ : ﴿فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَمَوَالِيكُمْ﴾ [الأحزاب: 5].
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that a woman who is from a distant relation among these women will not inherit, and among women, no one is an heir except those whom Allah, Glorious and Exalted is He, has mentioned in His Book; she is the mother, the daughter, the wife, the full sister, the half-sister (from the father’s side), and the half-sister (from the mother’s side). The inheritance of the maternal grandmother is established from the hadith. Similarly, a woman will inherit from her slave whom she sets free.
