موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب الفرائضBook: On the Explanation of Division of Inheritance
بَابُ مِيرَاثِ وِلَايَةِ الْعَصَبَةِChapter on Inheritance of Guardianship by Agnates
Hadith 1486Q2
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَكُلُّ شَيْءٍ سُئِلْتَ عَنْهُ مِنْ مِيرَاثِ الْعَصَبَةِ فَإِنَّهُ عَلَى نَحْوِ هَذَا : انْسُبِ الْمُتَوَفَّى وَمَنْ يُنَازِعُ فِي وِلَايَتِهِ مِنْ عَصَبَتِهِ. فَإِنْ وَجَدْتَ أَحَدًا مِنْهُمْ يَلْقَى الْمُتَوَفَّى إِلَى أَبٍ لَا يَلْقَاهُ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ إِلَى أَبٍ دُونَهُ. فَاجْعَلْ مِيرَاثَهُ لِلَّذِي يَلْقَاهُ إِلَى الْأَبِ الْأَدْنَى، دُونَ مَنْ يَلْقَاهُ إِلَى فَوْقِ ذَلِكَ. فَإِنْ وَجَدْتَهُمْ كُلَّهُمْ يَلْقَوْنَهُ إِلَى أَبٍ وَاحِدٍ يَجْمَعُهُمْ جَمِيعًا، فَانْظُرْ أَقْعَدَهُمْ فِي النَّسَبِ. فَإِنْ كَانَ ابْنَ أَبٍ فَقَطْ، فَاجْعَلِ الْمِيرَاثَ لَهُ دُونَ الْأَطْرَافِ. وَإِنْ كَانَ ابْنَ أَبٍ وَأُمٍّ. وَإِنْ وَجَدْتَهُمْ مُسْتَوِينَ، يَنْتَسِبُونَ مِنْ عَدَدِ الْآبَاءِ إِلَى عَدَدٍ وَاحِدٍ. حَتَّى يَلْقَوْا نَسَبَ الْمُتَوَفَّى جَمِيعًا، وَكَانُوا كُلُّهُمْ جَمِيعًا بَنِي أَبٍ، أَوْ بَنِي أَبٍ وَأُمٍّ. فَاجْعَلِ الْمِيرَاثَ بَيْنَهُمْ سَوَاءً. وَإِنْ كَانَ وَالِدُ بَعْضِهِمْ أَخَا وَالِدِ الْمُتَوَفَّى لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ. وَكَانَ مَنْ سِوَاهُ مِنْهُمْ إِنَّمَا هُوَ أَخُو أَبِي الْمُتَوَفَّى لِأَبِيهِ فَقَطْ، فَإِنَّ الْمِيرَاثَ لِبَنِي أَخِي الْمُتَوَفَّى لِأَبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ، دُونَ بَنِي الْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ. وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ اللّٰهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى قَالَ : ﴿وَأُولُو الْأَرْحَامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلَى بِبَعْضٍ فِي كِتَابِ اللّٰهِ، إِنَّ اللّٰهَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ﴾. ¤
Imam Malik said: The rule regarding this is that all the male agnates present should be related to the deceased, that is, what is their relation to the deceased(1). Whoever among them meets the deceased through such a father in whom no one else meets the deceased through a closer father, then only he will inherit, not those who meet through a more distant father(2). If several of them are joined to the deceased through the same father, then it will be seen whose relationship is closer; even if the closer one is a half-brother, he will inherit, and even if the more distant one is a full brother, he will not inherit(3). And if all are equal in relationship and all are full brothers, or all are half-brothers, then they will share equally in the inheritance. If among them, some of their fathers are full brothers of the deceased’s father and some of their fathers are half-brothers of the deceased’s father, then the inheritance will go to the children of the full brother, not to the children of the half-brother, because Allah, the Glorious and Exalted, says: “Those who are related by blood are closer to one another in the Book of Allah. Allah knows best.”
