موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب الفرائضBook: On the Explanation of Division of Inheritance
بَابُ مِيرَاثِ الْجَدِّInheritance of the grandfather
Hadith 1479B3
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَمِيرَاثُ الْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأَبِ مَعَ الْجَدِّ، إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُمْ إِخْوَةٌ لِأَبٍ وَأُمٍّ، كَمِيرَاثِ الْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ، سَوَاءٌ ذَكَرُهُمْ كَذَكَرِهِمْ. وَأُنْثَاهُمْ كَأُنْثَاهُمْ. فَإِذَا اجْتَمَعَ الْإِخْوَةُ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ، وَالْإِخْوَةُ لِلْأَبِ، فَإِنَّ الْإِخْوَةَ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ، يُعَادُّونَ الْجَدَّ بِإِخْوَتِهِمْ لِأَبِيهِمْ. فَيَمْنَعُونَهُ بِهِمْ كَثْرَةَ الْمِيرَاثِ بِعَدَدِهِمْ، وَلَا يُعَادُّونَهُ بِالْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأُمِّ. لِأَنَّهُ لَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَ الْجَدِّ غَيْرُهُمْ، لَمْ يَرِثُوا مَعَهُ شَيْئًا. وَكَانَ الْمَالُ كُلُّهُ لِلْجَدِّ. فَمَا حَصَلَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ مِنْ بَعْدِ حَظِّ الْجَدِّ، فَإِنَّهُ يَكُونُ لِلْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ. دُونَ الْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأَبِ. وَلَا يَكُونُ لِلْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأَبِ مَعَهُمْ شَيْءٌ. إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ الْإِخْوَةُ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ امْرَأَةً وَاحِدَةً. فَإِنْ كَانَتِ امْرَأَةً وَاحِدَةً، فَإِنَّهَا تُعَادُّ الْجَدَّ بِإِخْوَتِهَا لِأَبِيهَا. مَا كَانُوا فَمَا حَصَلَ لَهُمْ وَلَهَا مِنْ شَيْءٍ كَانَ لَهَا دُونَهُمْ. مَا بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ أَنْ تَسْتَكْمِلَ فَرِيضَتَهَا. وَفَرِيضَتُهَا النِّصْفُ مِنْ رَأْسِ الْمَالِ كُلِّهِ. فَإِنْ كَانَ فِيمَا يُحَازُ لَهَا وَلِإِخْوَتِهَا لِأَبِيهَا فَضْلٌ عَنْ نِصْفِ رَأْسِ الْمَالِ كُلِّهِ، فَهُوَ لِإِخْوَتِهَا لِأَبِيهَا لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ. فَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْضُلْ شَيْءٌ، فَلَا شَيْءَ لَهُمْ.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If there are paternal half-brothers along with the grandfather, their ruling is the same as that of full brothers. And when there are full brothers and sisters as well as paternal half-brothers and sisters, the paternal half-siblings will only be counted among the brothers to reduce the grandfather’s share, but they will not receive anything. However, in the case where there are maternal siblings along with full brothers and sisters, the maternal siblings will not be counted among the brothers to reduce the grandfather’s share, because maternal brothers and sisters are deprived in the presence of the grandfather. If the grandfather is present and only maternal siblings are there, then the entire estate goes to the grandfather and the maternal siblings are deprived. Now, in the case where there are full brothers and sisters and paternal half-brothers and sisters along with the grandfather, whatever remains after giving the grandfather his share will go entirely to the full brothers and sisters. The paternal half-siblings will not receive anything, except when among the full siblings there is only one sister and the rest are all paternal half-brothers and sisters, then due to the paternal half-brothers and sisters, that full sister will reduce the grandfather’s share, then she will take her full share, that is, half. If anything remains after that, it will be distributed among the paternal half-brothers and sisters as per «﴿لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنثَيَيْنِ﴾», and if nothing remains, then the paternal half-brothers and sisters will not receive anything.
