موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Malik (Yahya)
كتاب الرهونBook: On the Explanation of Pledges (Mortgages)
بَابُ جَوَازِ وَصِيَّةِ الصَّغِيرِ وَالضَّعِيفِ وَالْمُصَابِ وَالسَّفِيهِPermissibility of the Will of a Minor, Weak, Insane, or Foolish Person
Hadith 1470
قَالَ يَحْيَى : سَمِعْتُ مَالِكًا، يَقُولُ : الْأَمْرُ الْمُجْتَمَعُ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَنَا، أَنَّ الضَّعِيفَ فِي عَقْلِهِ وَالسَّفِيهَ وَالْمُصَابَ الَّذِي يُفِيقُ، أَحْيَانًا تَجُوزُ وَصَايَاهُمْ إِذَا كَانَ مَعَهُمْ مِنْ عُقُولِهِمْ مَا يَعْرِفُونَ مَا يُوصُونَ بِهِ، فَأَمَّا مَنْ لَيْسَ مَعَهُ مِنْ عَقْلِهِ مَا يَعْرِفُ بِذَلِكَ مَا يُوصِي بِهِ وَكَانَ مَغْلُوبًا عَلَى عَقْلِهِ، فَلَا وَصِيَّةَ لَهُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, this ruling is agreed upon that the will (wasiyyah) of a weak-minded, foolish, or insane person who sometimes regains sanity is valid, when he has enough understanding to comprehend the will he is making. If he does not have even this much understanding, then his will is not valid.
وَحَدَّثَنِي وَحَدَّثَنِي مَالِك، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ حَزْمٍ، أَنَّ " غُلَامًا مِنْ غَسَّانَ حَضَرَتْهُ الْوَفَاةُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، وَوَارِثُهُ بِالشَّامِ، فَذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ : إِنَّ فُلَانًا يَمُوتُ، أَفَيُوصِي ؟ قَالَ : " فَلْيُوصِ " . ¤ قَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ : قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ : وَكَانَ الْغُلَامُ ابْنَ عَشْرِ سِنِينَ أَوِ اثْنَتَيْ عَشَرَةَ سَنَةً . قَالَ : فَأَوْصَى بِبِئْرِ جُشَمٍ، فَبَاعَهَا أَهْلُهَا بِثَلَاثِينَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ . ¤
It is narrated from Abu Bakr bin Hazm that a boy from Ghassan was about to die in Medina, and his heirs were in Syria. This was mentioned to Sayyiduna Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, and he was asked: Should he make a will? Sayyiduna Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, said: He should make a will. Yahya bin Saeed said: The boy was either ten or twelve years old, and he left behind (property called) Bi’r Jashm, and he made a will for it. People sold it for thirty thousand dirhams.
