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موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Malik (Yahya)
كتاب الرهونBook: On the Explanation of Pledges (Mortgages)
بَابُ الِاعْتِصَارِ فِي الصَّدَقَةِWithholding in Charity
Hadith 1455
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنِي حَدَّثَنِي مَالِك، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ ، عَنْ أَبِي غَطَفَانَ بْنِ طَرِيفٍ الْمُرِّيِّ ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ، قَالَ : " مَنْ وَهَبَ هِبَةً لِصِلَةِ رَحِمٍ، أَوْ عَلَى وَجْهِ صَدَقَةٍ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَرْجِعُ فِيهَا، وَمَنْ وَهَبَ هِبَةً يَرَى أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا أَرَادَ بِهَا الثَّوَابَ، فَهُوَ عَلَى هِبَتِهِ يَرْجِعُ فِيهَا إِذَا لَمْ يُرْضَ مِنْهَا " .
It is narrated from Abu Ghatfan bin Tarif that Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Whoever gives a gift to a relative for the sake of maintaining family ties, or as charity for the sake of reward, then he cannot take it back. And whoever gives a gift in exchange for something, then he can take it back if he becomes displeased.
قَالَ يَحْيَى : سَمِعْتُ مَالِكًا، يَقُولُ : الْأَمْرُ الْمُجْتَمَعُ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَنَا أَنَّ الْهِبَةَ إِذَا تَغَيَّرَتْ عِنْدَ الْمَوْهُوبِ لَهُ لِلثَّوَابِ بِزِيَادَةٍ أَوْ نُقْصَانٍ، فَإِنَّ عَلَى الْمَوْهُوبِ لَهُ أَنْ يُعْطِيَ صَاحِبَهَا قِيمَتَهَا يَوْمَ قَبَضَهَا
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, this ruling is agreed upon that when there is some difference in the gifted item due to increase or decrease, and the gift is such that it was given in exchange for something, then the recipient of the gift will have to pay its price according to the day it was taken into possession.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : الْأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا الَّذِي لَا اخْتِلَافَ فِيهِ، أَنَّ كُلَّ مَنْ تَصَدَّقَ عَلَى ابْنِهِ بِصَدَقَةٍ قَبَضَهَا الِابْنُ. أَوْ كَانَ فِي حَجْرِ أَبِيهِ فَأَشْهَدَ لَهُ عَلَى صَدَقَتِهِ. فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَعْتَصِرَ شَيْئًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ. لِأَنَّهُ لَا يَرْجِعُ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, there is no difference of opinion in this matter: if a father gives something to his son as charity, and the son takes possession of it, or if the son is of a young age, in the father's lap, and the father makes witnesses over the charity, then it is not permissible for the father to take it back, because it is not permissible to take back anything given as charity.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : أَوْ يُعْطِي الرَّجُلُ ابْنَهُ أَوِ ابْنَتَهُ. فَتَنْكِحُ الْمَرْأَةُ الرَّجُلَ. وَإِنَّمَا تَنْكِحُهُ لِغِنَاهُ. وَلِلْمَالِ الَّذِي أَعْطَاهُ أَبُوهُ. فَيُرِيدُ أَنْ يَعْتَصِرَ ذَلِكَ الْأَبُ. أَوْ يَتَزَوَّجُ الرَّجُلُ الْمَرْأَةَ قَدْ نَحَلَهَا أَبُوهَا النُّحْلَ. إِنَّمَا يَتَزَوَّجُهَا وَيَرْفَعُ فِي صِدَاقِهَا لِغِنَاهَا وَمَالِهَا. وَمَا أَعْطَاهَا أَبُوهَا. ثُمَّ يَقُولُ الْأَبُ : أَنَا أَعْتَصِرُ ذَلِكَ. فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَعْتَصِرَ مِنِ ابْنِهِ وَلَا مِنِ ابْنَتِهِ شَيْئًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ. إِذَا كَانَ عَلَى مَا وَصَفْتُ لَكَ.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person gives a gift to his son and a woman marries that son because he has become wealthy by receiving the property as a gift, or if a person gives a gift to his daughter, and then a man marries her with the thought of that property, then now the father cannot take back (the gift).
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : الْأَمْرُ الْمُجْتَمَعُ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَنَا فِيمَنْ نَحَلَ وَلَدَهُ نُحْلًا، أَوْ أَعْطَاهُ عَطَاءً لَيْسَ بِصَدَقَةٍ. إِنَّ لَهُ أَنْ يَعْتَصِرَ ذَلِكَ. مَا لَمْ يَسْتَحْدِثِ الْوَلَدُ دَيْنًا يُدَايِنُهُ النَّاسُ بِهِ. وَيَأْمَنُونَهُ عَلَيْهِ. مِنْ أَجْلِ ذَلِكَ الْعَطَاءِ الَّذِي أَعْطَاهُ أَبُوهُ. فَلَيْسَ لِأَبِيهِ أَنْ يَعْتَصِرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا، بَعْدَ أَنْ تَكُونَ عَلَيْهِ الدُّيُونُ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, this ruling is based on consensus, that if a person gives something to his son out of love, and not as charity, then he can take it back, as long as the son has not started dealing based on the ownership of that property, and people have not started lending him money relying on that property. But when this happens, then he cannot take it back.
