موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب الرهونBook: On the Explanation of Pledges (Mortgages)
بَابُ الْقَضَاءِ فِيمَنِ ارْتَدَّ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِRuling on apostasy from Islam
Hadith 1429
حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِك، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ ، أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالَ : " مَنْ غَيَّرَ دِينَهُ فَاضْرِبُوا عُنُقَهُ " . وَمَعْنَى قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فِيمَا نُرَى وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ مَنْ غَيَّرَ دِينَهُ فَاضْرِبُوا عُنُقَهُ : أَنَّهُ مَنْ خَرَجَ مِنَ الْإِسْلَامِ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ مِثْلُ الزَّنَادِقَةِ وَأَشْبَاهِهِمْ، فَإِنَّ أُولَئِكَ إِذَا ظُهِرَ عَلَيْهِمْ قُتِلُوا وَلَمْ يُسْتَتَابُوا، لِأَنَّهُ لَا تُعْرَفُ تَوْبَتُهُمْ، وَأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يُسِرُّونَ الْكُفْرَ وَيُعْلِنُونَ الْإِسْلَامَ، فَلَا أَرَى أَنْ يُسْتَتَابَ هَؤُلَاءِ وَلَا يُقْبَلُ مِنْهُمْ قَوْلُهُمْ، وَأَمَّا مَنْ خَرَجَ مِنَ الْإِسْلَامِ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ وَأَظْهَرَ ذَلِكَ، فَإِنَّهُ يُسْتَتَابُ، فَإِنْ تَابَ وَإِلَّا قُتِلَ، وَذَلِكَ لَوْ أَنَّ قَوْمًا كَانُوا عَلَى ذَلِكَ، رَأَيْتُ أَنْ يُدْعَوْا إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ وَيُسْتَتَابُوا، فَإِنْ تَابُوا قُبِلَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُمْ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَتُوبُوا قُتِلُوا، وَلَمْ يَعْنِ بِذَلِكَ فِيمَا نُرَى وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، مَنْ خَرَجَ مِنَ الْيَهُودِيَّةِ إِلَى النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ وَلَا مِنَ النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ إِلَى الْيَهُودِيَّةِ، وَلَا مَنْ يُغَيِّرُ دِينَهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْأَدْيَانِ كُلِّهَا إِلَّا الْإِسْلَامَ، فَمَنْ خَرَجَ مِنَ الْإِسْلَامِ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ وَأَظْهَرَ ذَلِكَ، فَذَلِكَ الَّذِي عُنِيَ بِهِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ
It is narrated from Hazrat Zaid bin Aslam that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "Whoever changes his religion (i.e., leaves the religion of Islam and adopts another religion), then kill him."
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that regarding the statement of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him: "Whoever changes his religion, kill him," in our view, it means: those Muslims who go outside of Islam, such as the Zanadiqah or those like them, then when the Muslims gain dominance over them, they should kill them. It is not even necessary to first ask them to repent, because their repentance cannot be considered valid; they harbor disbelief in their hearts and outwardly claim to be Muslims. However, if a Muslim (due to some doubt) openly leaves the religion of Islam, then he should be asked to repent (and the doubt he has should be removed). If he repents, that is better; otherwise, he should be killed. And if a disbeliever leaves one religion of disbelief and adopts another religion of disbelief, for example, he was a Jew and then becomes a Christian, then he should not be killed. Rather, this punishment is only for the one who leaves the religion of Islam and adopts another religion.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that regarding the statement of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him: "Whoever changes his religion, kill him," in our view, it means: those Muslims who go outside of Islam, such as the Zanadiqah or those like them, then when the Muslims gain dominance over them, they should kill them. It is not even necessary to first ask them to repent, because their repentance cannot be considered valid; they harbor disbelief in their hearts and outwardly claim to be Muslims. However, if a Muslim (due to some doubt) openly leaves the religion of Islam, then he should be asked to repent (and the doubt he has should be removed). If he repents, that is better; otherwise, he should be killed. And if a disbeliever leaves one religion of disbelief and adopts another religion of disbelief, for example, he was a Jew and then becomes a Christian, then he should not be killed. Rather, this punishment is only for the one who leaves the religion of Islam and adopts another religion.
