موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب الأقضيةBook: On the Explanation of Judges
بَابُ الْقَضَاءِ بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِRuling by oath along with a witness
Hadith 1421B2
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَإِنَّمَا يَكُونُ ذَلِكَ فِي الْأَمْوَالِ خَاصَّةً. وَلَا يَقَعُ ذَلِكَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الْحُدُودِ. وَلَا فِي نِكَاحٍ وَلَا فِي طَلَاقٍ، وَلَا فِي عَتَاقَةٍ وَلَا فِي سَرِقَةٍ، وَلَا فِي فِرْيَةٍ. فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ : فَإِنَّ الْعَتَاقَةَ مِنَ الْأَمْوَالِ، فَقَدْ أَخْطَأَ. لَيْسَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى مَا قَالَ. وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى مَا قَالَ، لَحَلَفَ الْعَبْدُ مَعَ شَاهِدِهِ، إِذَا جَاءَ بِشَاهِدٍ أَنَّ سَيِّدَهُ أَعْتَقَهُ. وَأَنَّ الْعَبْدَ إِذَا جَاءَ بِشَاهِدٍ عَلَى مَالٍ مِنَ الْأَمْوَالِ ادَّعَاهُ، حَلَفَ مَعَ شَاهِدِهِ وَاسْتَحَقَّ حَقَّهُ كَمَا يَحْلِفُ الْحُرُّ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فَالسُّنَّةُ عِنْدَنَا أَنَّ الْعَبْدَ إِذَا جَاءَ بِشَاهِدٍ عَلَى عَتَاقَتِهِ اسْتُحْلِفَ سَيِّدُهُ مَا أَعْتَقَهُ وَبَطَلَ ذَلِكَ عَنْهُ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that judgment based on one oath and one witness will only be in claims regarding wealth, and it is not permissible to judge based on one witness and one oath in matters of hudud (prescribed punishments), marriage, divorce, emancipation, theft, or slander. And whoever included emancipation among claims regarding wealth has made a mistake, because if that were the case, then when a slave brings one witness to the effect that his master has set him free, it would be necessary to take an oath from the slave and set him free, whereas this is not the case. Rather, when a slave brings one witness regarding his freedom, an oath will be taken from his master; if the master swears, then freedom will not be established.
