موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب المساقاةBook: On the Explanation of Musaqat (Sharecropping)
بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي الْمُسَاقَاةِChapter on what is reported regarding musaqat (sharecropping)
Hadith 1402B10
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : لَا تَصْلُحُ الْمُسَاقَاةُ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الْأُصُولِ مِمَّا تَحِلُّ فِيهِ الْمُسَاقَاةُ، إِذَا كَانَ فِيهِ ثَمَرٌ قَدْ طَابَ وَبَدَا صَلَاحُهُ وَحَلَّ بَيْعُهُ. وَإِنَّمَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُسَاقَى مِنَ الْعَامِ الْمُقْبِلِ. وَإِنَّمَا مُسَاقَاةُ مَا حَلَّ بَيْعُهُ مِنَ الثِّمَارِ إِجَارَةٌ. لِأَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا سَاقَى صَاحِبَ الْأَصْلِ ثَمَرًا قَدْ بَدَا صَلَاحُهُ، عَلَى أَنْ يَكْفِيَهُ إِيَّاهُ وَيَجُذَّهُ لَهُ. بِمَنْزِلَةِ الدَّنَانِيرِ وَالدَّرَاهِمِ يُعْطِيهِ إِيَّاهَا، وَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ بِالْمُسَاقَاةِ، إِنَّمَا الْمُسَاقَاةُ مَا بَيْنَ أَنْ يَجُذَّ النَّخْلَ إِلَى أَنْ يَطِيبَ الثَّمَرُ وَيَحِلَّ بَيْعُهُ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَمَنْ سَاقَى ثَمَرًا فِي أَصْلٍ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَبْدُوَ صَلَاحُهُ، وَيَحِلَّ بَيْعُهُ، فَتِلْكَ الْمُسَاقَاةُ بِعَيْنِهَا جَائِزَةٌ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that it is not permissible to give barren land as musaqat (sharecropping), but it is permissible to give it on rent. And if a person gives his barren land to someone so that he may cultivate it, and fixes a third or a fourth of the produce as rent for the land, then this is not permissible, because there is deception in it; it is not known whether the crop will grow or not, whether the yield will be less or more. Rather, its example is like a person hiring someone as a servant to accompany him on a journey, then saying, "Take a tenth of whatever profit I earn on this journey." This is not permissible.
