موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب المساقاةBook: On the Explanation of Musaqat (Sharecropping)
بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي الْمُسَاقَاةِChapter on what is reported regarding musaqat (sharecropping)
Hadith 1402B1
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : إِذَا سَاقَى الرَّجُلُ النَّخْلَ، وَفِيهَا الْبَيَاضُ، فَمَا ازْدَرَعَ الرَّجُلُ الدَّاخِلُ فِي الْبَيَاضِ فَهُوَ لَهُ، قَالَ : وَإِنِ اشْتَرَطَ صَاحِبُ الْأَرْضِ أَنَّهُ يَزْرَعُ فِي الْبَيَاضِ لِنَفْسِهِ، فَذَلِكَ لَا يَصْلُحُ، لِأَنَّ الرَّجُلَ الدَّاخِلَ فِي الْمَالِ، يَسْقِي لِرَبِّ الْأَرْضِ، فَذَلِكَ زِيَادَةٌ ازْدَادَهَا عَلَيْهِ، قَالَ : وَإِنِ اشْتَرَطَ الزَّرْعَ بَيْنَهُمَا، فَلَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ، إِذَا كَانَتِ الْمَئُونَةُ كُلُّهَا عَلَى الدَّاخِلِ فِي الْمَالِ : الْبَذْرُ وَالسَّقْيُ وَالْعِلَاجُ كُلُّهُ، فَإِنِ اشْتَرَطَ الدَّاخِلُ فِي الْمَالِ عَلَى رَبِّ الْمَالِ، أَنَّ الْبَذْرَ عَلَيْكَ، كَانَ ذَلِكَ غَيْرَ جَائِزٍ، لِأَنَّهُ قَدِ اشْتَرَطَ عَلَى رَبِّ الْمَالِ زِيَادَةً ازْدَادَهَا عَلَيْهِ، وَإِنَّمَا تَكُونُ الْمُسَاقَاةُ عَلَى أَنَّ عَلَى الدَّاخِلِ فِي الْمَالِ : الْمَئُونَةَ كُلَّهَا، وَالنَّفَقَةَ، وَلَا يَكُونُ عَلَى رَبِّ الْمَالِ مِنْهَا شَيْءٌ، فَهَذَا وَجْهُ الْمُسَاقَاةِ الْمَعْرُوفُ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that when a person takes a date orchard as musaqat and there is vacant land in that orchard, then whatever that person sows in the vacant land will belong to him. If the owner of the land puts a condition that he will sow in the vacant land, then it is not correct, because the worker will also have to water that crop, and this is an addition to the contract. However, if the cultivation is shared between both, then there is no objection, provided that the labor, seeds, and preparation of the land are the responsibility of the worker, and the other person only owns the land. If the worker puts a condition to the owner of the land that you provide the seeds, then this is not correct. Rather, musaqat is only valid in such a way that all the labor and so on is the responsibility of the worker.
