موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب القراضBook: On the Explanation of Qirad (Profit-Sharing)
بَابُ التَّعَدِّي فِي الْقِرَاضِTransgression in Qirad (investment partnership)
Hadith 1401Q20
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي رَجُلٍ دَفَعَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ مَالًا قِرَاضًا. فَعَمِلَ فِيهِ فَرَبِحَ، ثُمَّ اشْتَرَى مِنْ رِبْحِ الْمَالِ أَوْ مِنْ جُمْلَتِهِ جَارِيَةً. فَوَطِئَهَا. فَحَمَلَتْ مِنْهُ. ثُمَّ نَقَصَ الْمَالُ، قَالَ مَالِكٌ : إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ، أُخِذَتْ قِيمَةُ الْجَارِيَةِ مِنْ مَالِهِ. فَيُجْبَرُ بِهِ الْمَالُ. فَإِنْ كَانَ فَضْلٌ بَعْدَ وَفَاءِ الْمَالِ. فَهُوَ بَيْنَهُمَا عَلَى الْقِرَاضِ الْأَوَّلِ. وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَفَاءٌ، بِيعَتِ الْجَارِيَةُ حَتَّى يُجْبَرَ الْمَالُ مِنْ ثَمَنِهَا. ¤ قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي رَجُلٍ دَفَعَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ مَالًا قِرَاضًا فَتَعَدَّى، فَاشْتَرَى بِهِ سِلْعَةً، وَزَادَ فِي ثَمَنِهَا مِنْ عِنْدِهِ، قَالَ مَالِكٌ : صَاحِبُ الْمَالِ بِالْخِيَارِ. إِنْ بِيعَتِ السِّلْعَةُ بِرِبْحٍ أَوْ وَضِيعَةٍ، أَوْ لَمْ تُبَعْ. إِنْ شَاءَ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ السِّلْعَةَ، أَخَذَهَا وَقَضَاهُ مَا أَسْلَفَهُ فِيهَا. وَإِنْ أَبَى كَانَ الْمُقَارَضُ شَرِيكًا لَهُ بِحِصَّتِهِ مِنَ الثَّمَنِ فِي النَّمَاءِ وَالنُّقْصَانِ. بِحِسَابِ مَا زَادَ الْعَامِلُ فِيهَا مِنْ عِنْدِهِ. ¤ قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي رَجُلٍ أَخَذَ مِنْ رَجُلٍ مَالًا قِرَاضًا. ثُمَّ دَفَعَهُ إِلَى رَجُلٍ آخَرَ. فَعَمِلَ فِيهِ قِرَاضًا بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ صَاحِبِهِ : إِنَّهُ ضَامِنٌ لِلْمَالِ. إِنْ نَقَصَ فَعَلَيْهِ النُّقْصَانُ. وَإِنْ رَبِحَ فَلِصَاحِبِ الْمَالِ شَرْطُهُ مِنَ الرِّبْحِ. ثُمَّ يَكُونُ لِلَّذِي عَمِلَ شَرْطُهُ، بِمَا بَقِيَ مِنَ الْمَالِ. ¤ قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي رَجُلٍ تَعَدَّى فَتَسَلَّفَ مِمَّا بِيَدَيْهِ مِنَ الْقِرَاضِ مَالًا. فَابْتَاعَ بِهِ سِلْعَةً لِنَفْسِهِ، قَالَ مَالِكٌ : إِنْ رَبِحَ فَالرِّبْحُ عَلَى شَرْطِهِمَا فِي الْقِرَاضِ، وَإِنْ نَقَصَ فَهُوَ ضَامِنٌ لِلنُّقْصَانِ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : فِي رَجُلٍ دَفَعَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ مَالًا قِرَاضًا فَاسْتَسْلَفَ مِنْهُ الْمَدْفُوعُ إِلَيْهِ الْمَالُ مَالًا وَاشْتَرَى بِهِ سِلْعَةً لِنَفْسِهِ إِنَّ صَاحِبَ الْمَالِ بِالْخِيَارِ إِنْ شَاءَ شَرِكَهُ فِي السِّلْعَةِ عَلَى قِرَاضِهَا وَإِنْ شَاءَ خَلَّى بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهَا وَأَخَذَ مِنْهُ رَأْسَ الْمَالِ كُلَّهُ وَكَذَلِكَ يُفْعَلُ بِكُلِّ مَنْ تَعَدَّى.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if the mudarib (working partner) trades and earns a profit, then purchases a slave girl from the principal or profit and has intercourse with her, and she becomes pregnant, and then there is a loss in the capital, the loss will be covered from the mudarib’s personal wealth by taking the value of the slave girl; whatever remains will be divided between the mudarib and the owner of the capital according to the agreed condition. If even then the loss is not covered, the slave girl will be sold to cover the loss.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if the mudarib commits the fault of unnecessarily increasing the price while purchasing goods, the owner of the capital has the option to either keep those goods and pay only what the mudarib paid in excess of the principal, or to become a partner with the mudarib in that wealth.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if the mudarib gives the mudarabah capital to someone else as mudarabah without the permission of the owner of the capital, he will be held liable for the wealth. If there is a loss, the mudarib will pay from his own wealth. If there is a profit, the owner of the capital will take his principal and profit according to the agreed condition, and whatever remains after that will be shared between the mudarib and the mudarib’s mudarib.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if the mudarib purchases goods for himself by giving the mudarabah capital as a loan, the owner of the capital has the option to either become a partner in that wealth or to leave that wealth and take back his principal from the mudarib. Similarly, if the mudarib commits a fault, the owner of the capital has the right to take back his wealth.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if the mudarib commits the fault of unnecessarily increasing the price while purchasing goods, the owner of the capital has the option to either keep those goods and pay only what the mudarib paid in excess of the principal, or to become a partner with the mudarib in that wealth.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if the mudarib gives the mudarabah capital to someone else as mudarabah without the permission of the owner of the capital, he will be held liable for the wealth. If there is a loss, the mudarib will pay from his own wealth. If there is a profit, the owner of the capital will take his principal and profit according to the agreed condition, and whatever remains after that will be shared between the mudarib and the mudarib’s mudarib.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if the mudarib purchases goods for himself by giving the mudarabah capital as a loan, the owner of the capital has the option to either become a partner in that wealth or to leave that wealth and take back his principal from the mudarib. Similarly, if the mudarib commits a fault, the owner of the capital has the right to take back his wealth.
