موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب القراضBook: On the Explanation of Qirad (Profit-Sharing)
بَابُ الْقِرَاضِ فِي الْعُرُوضِQirad (investment partnership) in goods
Hadith 1401Q18
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : لَا يَنْبَغِي لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يُقَارِضَ أَحَدًا إِلَّا فِي الْعَيْنِ لِأَنَّهُ لَا تَنْبَغِي الْمُقَارَضَةُ فِي الْعُرُوضِ، لِأَنَّ الْمُقَارَضَةَ فِي الْعُرُوضِ إِنَّمَا تَكُونُ عَلَى أَحَدِ وَجْهَيْنِ، إِمَّا أَنْ يَقُولَ لَهُ صَاحِبُ الْعَرْضِ، خُذْ هَذَا الْعَرْضَ فَبِعْهُ. فَمَا خَرَجَ مِنْ ثَمَنِهِ فَاشْتَرِ بِهِ. وَبِعْ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْقِرَاضِ. فَقَدِ اشْتَرَطَ صَاحِبُ الْمَالِ فَضْلًا لِنَفْسِهِ مِنْ بَيْعِ سِلْعَتِهِ، وَمَا يَكْفِيهِ مِنْ مَئُونَتِهَا أَوْ يَقُولَ : اشْتَرِ بِهَذِهِ السِّلْعَةِ وَبِعْ. فَإِذَا فَرَغْتَ فَابْتَعْ لِي مِثْلَ عَرْضِي الَّذِي دَفَعْتُ إِلَيْكَ. فَإِنْ فَضَلَ شَيْءٌ فَهُوَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكَ. وَلَعَلَّ صَاحِبَ الْعَرْضِ أَنْ يَدْفَعَهُ إِلَى الْعَامِلِ فِي زَمَنٍ هُوَ فِيهِ نَافِقٌ. كَثِيرُ الثَّمَنِ. ثُمَّ يَرُدَّهُ الْعَامِلُ حِينَ يَرُدُّهُ وَقَدْ رَخُصَ. فَيَشْتَرِيَهُ بِثُلُثِ ثَمَنِهِ. أَوْ أَقَلَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ. فَيَكُونُ الْعَامِلُ قَدْ رَبِحَ نِصْفَ مَا نَقَصَ مِنْ ثَمَنِ الْعَرْضِ. فِي حِصَّتِهِ مِنَ الرِّبْحِ. أَوْ يَأْخُذَ الْعَرْضَ فِي زَمَانٍ ثَمَنُهُ فِيهِ قَلِيلٌ. فَيَعْمَلُ فِيهِ حَتَّى يَكْثُرَ الْمَالُ فِي يَدَيْهِ. ثُمَّ يَغْلُو ذَلِكَ الْعَرْضُ وَيَرْتَفِعُ ثَمَنُهُ حِينَ يَرُدُّهُ. فَيَشْتَرِيهِ بِكُلِّ مَا فِي يَدَيْهِ. فَيَذْهَبُ عَمَلُهُ وَعِلَاجُهُ بَاطِلًا، فَهَذَا غَرَرٌ لَا يَصْلُحُ. فَإِنْ جُهِلَ ذَلِكَ. حَتَّى يَمْضِيَ نُظِرَ إِلَى قَدْرِ أَجْرِ الَّذِي دُفِعَ إِلَيْهِ الْقِرَاضُ، فِي بَيْعِهِ إِيَّاهُ، وَعِلَاجِهِ فَيُعْطَاهُ. ثُمَّ يَكُونُ الْمَالُ قِرَاضًا مِنْ يَوْمَ نَضَّ الْمَالُ. وَاجْتَمَعَ عَيْنًا. وَيُرَدُّ إِلَى قِرَاضٍ مِثْلِهِ.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that mudarabah is only valid in gold and silver, and it is not valid in goods, because in goods, mudarabah will be of two types. One is that the owner of the capital gives goods to the mudarib and says, "Sell this and do mudarabah with its proceeds." This is not valid, because in this the owner of the capital gets a specific benefit, which is that his goods are sold without delay. The second form is that the owner of the capital gives goods to the mudarib and says, "Buy other goods in exchange for these goods and trade with them. When you wish to end the transaction, buy goods similar to those I gave you and return them; whatever remains, we will divide between us." This is also not valid because there is deception in it. It may be that when the owner of the capital gave the goods to the mudarib, they were expensive, then they became cheap, and then at the time of ending the transaction, they became expensive again, so the principal and profit of the mudarib would all be spent in buying them, and the effort and labor of the mudarib would be wasted. Even then, if someone does mudarabah in this way, first the mudarib should be given wages according to the custom for selling those goods, and from the day the capital becomes cash, mudarabah will be established, and at the time of settlement, only that amount of cash will be considered as the principal.
