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موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Malik (Yahya)
كتاب البيوعBook: On the Rulings of Buying and Selling
بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي الرِّبَا فِي الدَّيْنِWhat is Reported Regarding Usury in Debt
Hadith 1381
اُردوEn
وَحَدَّثَنِي مَالِك، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ : " كَانَ الرِّبَا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ أَنْ يَكُونَ لِلرَّجُلِ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ الْحَقُّ إِلَى أَجَلٍ، فَإِذَا حَلَّ الْأَجَلُ، قَالَ : أَتَقْضِي أَمْ تُرْبِي ؟ فَإِنْ قَضَى أَخَذَ، وَإِلَّا زَادَهُ فِي حَقِّهِ وَأَخَّرَ عَنْهُ فِي الْأَجَلِ " . ¤
Hazrat Zaid bin Aslam said: In the days of ignorance, usury was practiced in this way: when a person's fixed-term loan became due upon another person, and the term expired, the creditor would say to the debtor: Either pay the loan or give interest. If he paid the loan, it was good; if not, the creditor would increase his loan and then set a new term.
قَالَ مَالِك فِي الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ مِائَةُ دِينَارٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ، فَإِذَا حَلَّتْ، قَالَ لَهُ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الدَّيْنُ : بِعْنِي سِلْعَةً يَكُونُ ثَمَنُهَا مِائَةَ دِينَارٍ نَقْدًا بِمِائَةٍ وَخَمْسِينَ إِلَى أَجَلٍ : هَذَا بَيْعٌ لَا يَصْلُحُ، وَلَمْ يَزَلْ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ يَنْهَوْنَ عَنْهُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person owes another person one hundred dinars on a fixed term, and when the term passes, the debtor says to the creditor: "Sell me something worth one hundred dinars for one hundred and fifty dinars on a deferred term," this sale is not valid, and the people of knowledge have always prohibited this.
قَالَ مَالِك : وَإِنَّمَا كُرِهَ ذَلِكَ، لِأَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يُعْطِيهِ ثَمَنَ مَا بَاعَهُ بِعَيْنِهِ وَيُؤَخِّرُ عَنْهُ الْمِائَةَ الْأُولَى إِلَى الْأَجَلِ الَّذِي ذَكَرَ لَهُ آخِرَ مَرَّةٍ، وَيَزْدَادُ عَلَيْهِ خَمْسِينَ دِينَارًا فِي تَأْخِيرِهِ عَنْهُ، فَهَذَا مَكْرُوهٌ وَلَا يَصْلُحُ، وَهُوَ أَيْضًا يُشْبِهُ حَدِيثَ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ فِي بَيْعِ أَهْلِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا إِذَا حَلَّتْ دُيُونُهُمْ، قَالُوا لِلَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الدَّيْنُ : إِمَّا أَنْ تَقْضِيَ وَإِمَّا أَنْ تُرْبِيَ، فَإِنْ قَضَى أَخَذُوا، وَإِلَّا زَادُوهُمْ فِي حُقُوقِهِمْ وَزَادُوهُمْ فِي الْأَجَلِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This is because the creditor has received the price of his item, one hundred dinars, and the term of the one hundred dinars that were a loan has been extended, in exchange for fifty dinars, from which he gains benefit in selling that item. This sale is similar to what Zayd bin Aslam narrated, that in the time of ignorance, when the term of a loan would expire, the creditor would say to the debtor: either pay the loan or give interest. If he paid, he would take it; if not, he would extend the term and increase the loan.
قَالَ مَالِك : وَالْأَمْرُ الْمَكْرُوهُ الَّذِي لَا اخْتِلَافَ فِيهِ عِنْدَنَا : أَنْ يَكُونَ لِلرَّجُلِ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ الدَّيْنُ إِلَى أَجَلٍ، فَيَضَعُ عَنْهُ الطَّالِبُ وَيُعَجِّلُهُ الْمَطْلُوبُ، وَذَلِكَ عِنْدَنَا بِمَنْزِلَةِ الَّذِي يُؤَخِّرُ دَيْنَهُ بَعْدَ مَحِلِّهِ عَنْ غَرِيمِهِ وَيَزِيدُهُ الْغَرِيمُ فِي حَقِّهِ، قَالَ : فَهَذَا الرِّبَا بِعَيْنِهِ، لَا شَكَّ فِيهِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, there is no difference of opinion regarding the dislike of this matter. If a person has a deferred loan upon someone, and the creditor reduces the debt and the debtor pays in cash, this is exactly like when, after the term has passed, the creditor extends the term and the debtor increases the debt; this is absolutely usury, there is no doubt about it.
