موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب البيوعBook: On the Rulings of Buying and Selling
بَابُ السُّلْفَةِ فِي الطَّعَامِChapter on Advance Payment in Food
Hadith 1352B3
قَالَ مَالِك : وَتَفْسِيرُ ذَلِكَ : أَنَّ الْمُشْتَرِيَ حِينَ حَلَّ الْأَجَلُ وَكَرِهَ الطَّعَامَ أَخَذَ بِهِ دِينَارًا إِلَى أَجَلٍ وَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ بِالْإِقَالَةِ، وَإِنَّمَا الْإِقَالَةُ مَا لَمْ يَزْدَدْ فِيهِ الْبَائِعُ وَلَا الْمُشْتَرِي، فَإِذَا وَقَعَتْ فِيهِ الزِّيَادَةُ بِنَسِيئَةٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ أَوْ بِشَيْءٍ يَزْدَادُهُ أَحَدُهُمَا عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ أَوْ بِشَيْءٍ يَنْتَفِعُ بِهِ أَحَدُهُمَا، فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ لَيْسَ بِالْإِقَالَةِ، وَإِنَّمَا تَصِيرُ الْإِقَالَةُ إِذَا فَعَلَا ذَلِكَ بَيْعًا، وَإِنَّمَا أُرْخِصَ فِي الْإِقَالَةِ وَالشِّرْكِ وَالتَّوْلِيَةِ مَا لَمْ يَدْخُلْ شَيْئًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ زِيَادَةٌ أَوْ نُقْصَانٌ أَوْ نَظِرَةٌ، فَإِنْ دَخَلَ ذَلِكَ زِيَادَةٌ أَوْ نُقْصَانٌ أَوْ نَظِرَةٌ، صَارَ بَيْعًا يُحِلُّهُ مَا يُحِلُّ الْبَيْعَ وَيُحَرِّمُهُ مَا يُحَرِّمُ الْبَيْعَ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that its example is like when the term is completed and the buyer does not wish to take the grain, so some money is fixed in exchange for that grain for a certain period; then this is not an iqalah. Iqalah is that in which there is neither increase nor decrease from the seller or the buyer. If there is any increase or decrease in it, or if any term is extended, or any benefit is fixed for the seller or the buyer, then that iqalah will be considered a sale. And iqalah, partnership, and tawliyah are valid as long as there is no increase, decrease, or term. If these things are present, then it will be considered a new sale. The reasons for which a sale is valid, these will also be valid, and the reasons for which a sale is invalid, these will also be invalid.
