موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب البيوعBook: On the Rulings of Buying and Selling
بَابُ جَامِعِ بَيْعِ الثَّمَرِComprehensive Chapter on Sale of Fruits
Hadith 1329Q3
¤ وَسُئِلَ مَالِكٌ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَشْتَرِي مِنَ الرَّجُلِ الْحَائِطَ فِيهِ أَلْوَانٌ مِنَ النَّخْلِ مِنَ الْعَجْوَةِ وَالْكَبِيسِ وَالْعَذْقِ، وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِنْ أَلْوَانِ التَّمْرِ، فَيَسْتَثْنِي مِنْهَا ثَمَرَ النَّخْلَةِ أَوِ النَّخَلَاتِ يَخْتَارُهَا مِنْ نَخْلِهِ؟ فَقَالَ مَالِكٌ : ذَلِكَ لَا يَصْلُحُ لِأَنَّهُ إِذَا صَنَعَ ذَلِكَ تَرَكَ ثَمَرَ النَّخْلَةِ مِنَ الْعَجْوَةِ، وَمَكِيلَةُ ثَمَرِهَا خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا وَأَخَذَ مَكَانَهَا ثَمَرَ نَخْلَةٍ مِنَ الْكَبِيسِ، وَمَكِيلَةُ ثَمَرِهَا عَشَرَةُ أَصْوُعٍ، فَإِنْ أَخَذَ الْعَجْوَةَ الَّتِي فِيهَا خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا، وَتَرَكَ الَّتِي فِيهَا عَشْرَةُ أَصْوُعٍ مِنَ الْكَبِيسِ فَكَأَنَّهُ اشْتَرَى الْعَجْوَةَ بِالْكَبِيسِ مُتَفَاضِلًا. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, was asked: If someone sells the dates of a garden and there are several types of dates in it, such as Ajwah, Kabis, and 'Adhq, etc., but the buyer puts a condition that from this garden I will exclude one or several trees (i.e., I will exempt them from the sale)? So this is not permissible because if he leaves an Ajwah tree which had fifteen sa’ of dates and in exchange takes a Kabis tree which had ten sa’ of dates, or does the opposite, then it is as if he has sold Ajwah for Kabis with an increase or decrease, and this is not permissible.
