موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب البيوعBook: On the Rulings of Buying and Selling
بَابُ بَيْعِ الْفَاكِهَةِChapter on Sale of Gold for Silver, Raw and Minted
Hadith 1329Q11
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : الْأَمْرُ الْمُجْتَمَعُ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَنَا، أَنَّ مَنِ ابْتَاعَ شَيْئًا مِنَ الْفَاكِهَةِ مِنْ رَطْبِهَا أَوْ يَابِسِهَا، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَبِيعُهُ حَتَّى يَسْتَوْفِيَهُ، وَلَا يُبَاعُ شَيْءٌ مِنْهَا بَعْضُهُ بِبَعْضٍ، إِلَّا يَدًا بِيَدٍ، وَمَا كَانَ مِنْهَا مِمَّا يَيْبَسُ، فَيَصِيرُ فَاكِهَةً يَابِسَةً تُدَّخَرُ، وَتُؤْكَلُ، فَلَا يُبَاعُ بَعْضُهُ بِبَعْضٍ إِلَّا يَدًا بِيَدٍ، وَمِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ إِذَا كَانَ مِنْ صِنْفٍ وَاحِدٍ، فَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ صِنْفَيْنِ مُخْتَلِفَيْنِ، فَلَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يُبَاعَ مِنْهُ اثْنَانِ بِوَاحِدٍ يَدًا بِيَدٍ، وَلَا يَصْلُحُ إِلَى أَجَلٍ، وَمَا كَانَ مِنْهَا مِمَّا لَا يَيْبَسُ وَلَا يُدَّخَرُ، وَإِنَّمَا يُؤْكَلُ رَطْبًا كَهَيْئَةِ الْبِطِّيخِ وَالْقِثَّاءِ وَالْخِرْبِزِ، وَالْجَزَرِ وَالْأُتْرُجِّ، وَالْمَوْزِ وَالرُّمَّانِ وَمَا كَانَ مِثْلَهُ، وَإِنْ يَبِسَ لَمْ يَكُنْ فَاكِهَةً بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ، وَلَيْسَ هُوَ مِمَّا يُدَّخَرُ، وَيَكُونُ فَاكِهَةً، قَالَ : فَأَرَاهُ حَقِيقًا أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ مِنْهُ مِنْ صِنْفٍ وَاحِدٍ اثْنَانِ بِوَاحِدٍ يَدًا بِيَدٍ، فَإِذَا لَمْ يَدْخُلْ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ مِنَ الْأَجَلِ فَإِنَّهُ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, this ruling is agreed upon, that whoever buys any fruit, whether fresh or dry, should not sell it until he has taken possession of it. And if he sells fruit for fruit, it should be hand to hand. And if the fruit taken is such that it is eaten and stored after drying, and he sells it for fruit of the same kind, it should be hand to hand and equal in amount; any increase or decrease is not permissible in it. However, if the kinds are different, then increase or decrease is permissible, but it should be sold for cash; setting a term in it is not permissible. And the fruit which is not dried but eaten fresh, such as melon, cucumber, citron, banana, carrot, pomegranate, etc., if it is exchanged for one another, even if the kind is the same, it is permissible with increase or decrease, as long as there is no term set and it is hand to hand.
