موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب المدبرBook: On the Explanation of Mudabbar (Slave Freed Upon Owner's Death)
بَابُ بَيْعِ الْمُدَبَّرِSale of the Mudabbar (slave to be freed after owner's death)
Hadith 1302Q1
َالَ مَالِكٌ : الْأَمْرُ الْمُجْتَمَعُ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَنَا فِي الْمُدَبَّرِ. أَنَّ صَاحِبَهُ لَا يَبِيعُهُ. وَلَا يُحَوِّلُهُ عَنْ مَوْضِعِهِ الَّذِي وَضَعَهُ فِيهِ. وَأَنَّهُ إِنْ رَهِقَ سَيِّدَهُ دَيْنٌ، فَإِنَّ غُرَمَاءَهُ لَا يَقْدِرُونَ عَلَى بَيْعِهِ، مَا عَاشَ سَيِّدُهُ. فَإِنْ مَاتَ سَيِّدُهُ وَلَا دَيْنَ عَلَيْهِ فَهُوَ فِي ثُلُثِهِ. لِأَنَّهُ اسْتَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ عَمَلَهُ مَا عَاشَ. فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَخْدُمَهُ حَيَاتَهُ. ثُمَّ يُعْتِقَهُ عَلَى وَرَثَتِهِ، إِذَا مَاتَ مِنْ رَأْسِ مَالِهِ. وَإِنْ مَاتَ سَيِّدُ الْمُدَبَّرِ، وَلَا مَالَ لَهُ غَيْرُهُ، عَتَقَ ثُلُثُهُ. وَكَانَ ثُلُثَاهُ لِوَرَثَتِهِ. فَإِنْ مَاتَ سَيِّدُ الْمُدَبَّرِ، وَعَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ مُحِيطٌ بِالْمُدَبَّرِ، بِيعَ فِي دَيْنِهِ. لِأَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يَعْتِقُ فِي الثُّلُثِ. قَالَ : فَإِنْ كَانَ الدَّيْنُ لَا يُحِيطُ إِلَّا بِنِصْفِ الْعَبْدِ. بِيعَ نِصْفُهُ لِلدَّيْنِ. ثُمَّ عَتَقَ ثُلُثُ مَا بَقِيَ بَعْدَ الدَّيْنِ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, this ruling is agreed upon that a mudabbar (a slave set free after the master's death) should not be sold by the master, nor should his ownership be transferred in any way. And if the master becomes indebted, the creditors cannot sell the mudabbar as long as the master is alive. If the master dies and is not in debt, then the entire mudabbar will be freed from one third of the estate, because if he is freed from the entire estate, then it is entirely to the benefit of the master, as he took service from him all his life and then earned the reward of freeing him at the time of death, and it is a complete loss for the heirs. If the master has no wealth except this mudabbar, then one third of the mudabbar will be freed and two thirds will be the right of the heirs. If the master of the mudabbar dies and is so indebted that the debt equals or exceeds the full value of the mudabbar, then the mudabbar will be sold, because the mudabbar is only freed when there is room in one third of the estate. If the debt equals half the value of the slave, then half of the mudabbar will be sold to pay the debt, and of the remaining half, one third will be freed.
