موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب المدبرBook: On the Explanation of Mudabbar (Slave Freed Upon Owner's Death)
بَابُ الْوَصِيَّةِ فِي التَّدْبِيرِChapter on bequest in tadbir (conditional emancipation)
Hadith 1300Q40
قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي رَجُلٍ دَبَّرَ رَقِيقًا لَهُ جَمِيعًا. فِي صِحَّتِهِ وَلَيْسَ لَهُ مَالٌ غَيْرُهُمْ : إِنْ كَانَ دَبَّرَ بَعْضَهُمْ قَبْلَ بَعْضٍ بُدِئَ بِالْأَوَّلِ فَالْأَوَّلِ، حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الثُّلُثَ. وَإِنْ كَانَ دَبَّرَهُمْ جَمِيعًا فِي مَرَضِهِ. فَقَالَ : فُلَانٌ حُرٌّ. وَفُلَانٌ حُرٌّ. وَفُلَانٌ حُرٌّ. فِي كَلَامٍ وَاحِدٍ. إِنْ حَدَثَ بِي فِي مَرَضِي هَذَا حَدَثُ مَوْتٍ، أَوْ دَبَّرَهُمْ جَمِيعًا فِي كَلِمَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ، تَحَاصَّوْا فِي الثُّلُثِ. وَلَمْ يُبَدَّأْ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ قَبْلَ صَاحِبِهِ. وَإِنَّمَا هِيَ وَصِيَّةٌ. وَإِنَّمَا لَهُمُ الثُّلُثُ. يُقْسَمُ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْحِصَصِ. ثُمَّ يَعْتِقُ مِنْهُمُ الثُّلُثُ بَالِغًا مَا بَلَغَ. قَالَ : وَلَا يُبَدَّأُ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ إِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ كُلُّهُ فِي مَرَضِهِ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person, while in good health, declares several of his slaves as mudabbar and possesses no wealth other than them, and if he declared them mudabbar one after the other, then the one who was declared mudabbar first will be freed from one third of the wealth, then the second, then the third, and so on as long as there is room within one third of the wealth. If he declared all of them mudabbar at the same time in a single statement, then one third of each will be freed when all are declared mudabbar during illness.
