موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب المكاتبBook: On the Explanation of Mukatib (Contracted Slave)
بَابُ الشَّرْطِ فِي الْمُكَاتَبِCondition in the Mukatab contract
Hadith 1300Q3
قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي الرَّجُلِ يَشْتَرِطُ عَلَى مُكَاتَبِهِ أَنَّكَ لَا تُسَافِرُ وَلَا تَنْكِحُ وَلَا تَخْرُجُ مِنْ أَرْضِي إِلَّا بِإِذْنِي : فَإِنْ فَعَلْتَ شَيْئًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِي فَمَحْوُ كِتَابَتِكَ بِيَدِي. قَالَ مَالِكٌ : لَيْسَ مَحْوُ كِتَابَتِهِ بِيَدِهِ إِنْ فَعَلَ الْمُكَاتَبُ شَيْئًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ. وَلْيَرْفَعْ سَيِّدُهُ ذَلِكَ إِلَى السُّلْطَانِ وَلَيْسَ لِلْمُكَاتَبِ أَنْ يَنْكِحَ وَلَا يُسَافِرَ وَلَا يَخْرُجَ مِنْ أَرْضِ سَيِّدِهِ. إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ اشْتَرَطَ ذَلِكَ أَوْ لَمْ يَشْتَرِطْهُ. وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ يُكَاتِبُ عَبْدَهُ بِمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ وَلَهُ أَلْفُ دِينَارٍ أَوْ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَيَنْطَلِقُ فَيَنْكِحُ الْمَرْأَةَ فَيُصْدِقُهَا الصَّدَاقَ الَّذِي يُجْحِفُ بِمَالِهِ وَيَكُونُ فِيهِ عَجْزُهُ فَيَرْجِعُ إِلَى سَيِّدِهِ عَبْدًا لَا مَالَ لَهُ. أَوْ يُسَافِرُ فَتَحِلُّ نُجُومُهُ وَهُوَ غَائِبٌ فَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ وَلَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ كَاتَبَهُ. وَذَلِكَ بِيَدِ سَيِّدِهِ إِنْ شَاءَ أَذِنَ لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ وَإِنْ شَاءَ مَنَعَهُ.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person stipulates with his mukatab (contracted slave) that he should not travel, or not marry, or not leave his land without his permission, and if he does so, then it will be in his (the master’s) power to annul the contract of manumission. In this case, the annulment of the contract will not be in his power, even if the mukatab does any of these things. If the master annuls the contract of the mukatab, then the mukatab should complain to the judge, who will rule that the contract cannot be annulled. However, it is necessary that the mukatab should not marry, travel, or leave the land without the master’s permission, whether this condition was stipulated or not. The reason for this is that a man contracts his slave for one hundred dinars, and the slave has a thousand dinars with him, so he marries and spends those dinars as dowry, then becomes helpless and returns to the master, having neither wealth nor anything else. In this, there is complete loss for the master. Or the mukatab travels, and the time for the installments arrives, but he is not present, so in this there is hardship for the master. For this reason, it is not proper for the mukatab to marry or travel without the master’s permission; rather, the authority over these matters belongs to the master, whether he permits or forbids.
