موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب المكاتبBook: On the Explanation of Mukatib (Contracted Slave)
بَابُ الشَّرْطِ فِي الْمُكَاتَبِCondition in the Mukatab contract
Hadith 1300Q1
قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي رَجُلٍ كَاتَبَ عَبْدَهُ بِذَهَبٍ أَوْ وَرِقٍ. وَاشْتَرَطَ عَلَيْهِ فِي كِتَابَتِهِ سَفَرًا أَوْ خِدْمَةً أَوْ ضَحِيَّةً : إِنَّ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ سَمَّى بِاسْمِهِ ثُمَّ قَوِيَ الْمُكَاتَبُ عَلَى أَدَاءِ نُجُومِهِ كُلِّهَا قَبْلَ مَحِلِّهَا. قَالَ: إِذَا أَدَّى نُجُومَهُ كُلَّهَا وَعَلَيْهِ هَذَا الشَّرْطُ عَتَقَ فَتَمَّتْ حُرْمَتُهُ وَنُظِرَ إِلَى مَا شَرَطَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خِدْمَةٍ أَوْ سَفَرٍ أَوْ مَا أَشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ. مِمَّا يُعَالِجُهُ هُوَ بِنَفْسِهِ. فَذَلِكَ مَوْضُوعٌ عَنْهُ لَيْسَ لِسَيِّدِهِ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ وَمَا كَانَ مِنْ ضَحِيَّةٍ أَوْ كِسْوَةٍ أَوْ شَيْءٍ يُؤَدِّيهِ. فَإِنَّمَا هُوَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الدَّنَانِيرِ وَالدَّرَاهِمِ يُقَوَّمُ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ فَيَدْفَعُهُ مَعَ نُجُومِهِ وَلَا يَعْتِقُ حَتَّى يَدْفَعَ ذَلِكَ مَعَ نُجُومِهِ. ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person makes his slave a mukatab (one who has a contract for freedom) for gold or silver, and sets a condition in the contract such as travel, service, or sacrifice, but specifies this condition, then if the mukatab becomes able to pay his installments before the due time and pays them, but this condition still remains upon him, he will become free, and his sanctity will be complete. Now, regarding this condition, if it is such that the mukatab himself has to fulfill it (like the condition of travel or service), then it will not be obligatory upon the mukatab, nor will the master have the right to demand its fulfillment. And if the condition is such that something has to be given, like the condition of sacrifice or clothing, then it will be like the dirhams and dinars; the value of that thing will be assessed and he will pay it along with his installments. Until he pays it, he will not be free.
