موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب المكاتبBook: On the Explanation of Mukatib (Contracted Slave)
بَابُ عِتْقِ الْمُكَاتَبِ إِذَا أَدَّى مَا عَلَيْهِ قَبْلَ مَحِلِّهِEmancipation of the Mukatab if he pays before due time
Hadith 1298B1
قَالَ مَالِك : فَالْأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا، أَنَّ الْمُكَاتَبَ إِذَا أَدَّى جَمِيعَ مَا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ نُجُومِهِ قَبْلَ مَحِلِّهَا جَازَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِسَيِّدِهِ أَنْ يَأْبَى ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ يَضَعُ عَنِ الْمُكَاتَبِ بِذَلِكَ كُلَّ شَرْطٍ أَوْ خِدْمَةٍ أَوْ سَفَرٍ، لِأَنَّهُ لَا تَتِمُّ عَتَاقَةُ رَجُلٍ وَعَلَيْهِ بَقِيَّةٌ مِنْ رِقٍّ وَلَا تَتِمُّ حُرْمَتُهُ وَلَا تَجُوزُ شَهَادَتُهُ وَلَا يَجِبُ مِيرَاثُهُ وَلَا أَشْبَاهُ هَذَا مِنْ أَمْرِهِ، وَلَا يَنْبَغِي لِسَيِّدِهِ أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَ عَلَيْهِ خِدْمَةً بَعْدَ عَتَاقَتِهِ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, the ruling is that if a mukatab pays all his installments before the due time, it is valid, and his master does not have the right to refuse to accept it, because by this, the master removes every condition and service from his responsibility. This is because a person's freedom is not complete until his sanctity is fully established, his testimony becomes permissible, he becomes entitled to inheritance, and it is not appropriate for his master to impose any condition of work or service upon him after his freedom.
