موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب المكاتبBook: On the Explanation of Mukatib (Contracted Slave)
بَابُ الْقِطَاعَةِ فِي الْكِتَابَةِChapter on deduction in the contract of writing (kitabah)
Hadith 1296B7
قَالَ مَالِك : الْأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا فِي الرَّجُلِ يُكَاتِبُ عَبْدَهُ ثُمَّ يُقَاطِعُهُ بِالذَّهَبِ، فَيَضَعُ عَنْهُ مِمَّا عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْكِتَابَةِ عَلَى أَنْ يُعَجِّلَ لَهُ مَا قَاطَعَهُ عَلَيْهِ، أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِذَلِكَ بَأْسٌ، وَإِنَّمَا كَرِهَ ذَلِكَ مَنْ كَرِهَهُ، لِأَنَّهُ أَنْزَلَهُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الدَّيْنِ يَكُونُ لِلرَّجُلِ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ إِلَى أَجَلٍ فَيَضَعُ عَنْهُ وَيَنْقُدُهُ، وَلَيْسَ هَذَا مِثْلَ الدَّيْنِ، إِنَّمَا كَانَتْ قَطَاعَةُ الْمُكَاتَبِ سَيِّدَهُ، عَلَى أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُ مَالًا فِي أَنْ يَتَعَجَّلَ الْعِتْقَ فَيَجِبُ لَهُ الْمِيرَاثُ وَالشَّهَادَةُ وَالْحُدُودُ وَتَثْبُتُ لَهُ حُرْمَةُ الْعَتَاقَةِ، وَلَمْ يَشْتَرِ دَرَاهِمَ بِدَرَاهِمَ وَلَا ذَهَبًا بِذَهَبٍ، وَإِنَّمَا مَثَلُ ذَلِكَ مَثَلُ رَجُلٍ، قَالَ لِغُلَامِهِ : ائْتِنِي بِكَذَا وَكَذَا دِينَارًا، وَأَنْتَ حُرٌّ، فَوَضَعَ عَنْهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ : إِنْ جِئْتَنِي بِأَقَلَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَأَنْتَ حُرٌّ، فَلَيْسَ هَذَا دَيْنًا ثَابِتًا، وَلَوْ كَانَ دَيْنًا ثَابِتًا لَحَاصَّ بِهِ السَّيِّدُ غُرَمَاءَ الْمُكَاتَبِ إِذَا مَاتَ أَوْ أَفْلَسَ فَدَخَلَ مَعَهُمْ فِي مَالِ مُكَاتَبِهِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In our view, the ruling is that if a person makes his slave a mukatab, then settles with him for gold and forgives the remainder of the kitabah in the condition that the payment for the settlement is made immediately, then there is nothing objectionable in this. And whoever has considered this disliked has thought that its example is like a person having a deferred debt upon someone, and then he takes some cash in exchange and forgives the debt. However, this is not like a debt; rather, the settlement is done so that the slave may become free quickly, and so that inheritance, testimony, and legal punishments become applicable to him, and the sanctity of emancipation is established. And it is not that he has bought silver for silver or gold for gold in exchange; rather, its example is like this: a person says to his slave, "Bring me this much gold coins and you are free," then reduces it and says, "If you bring even this much, you are still free," because the exchange of the kitabah is not a valid debt. Otherwise, when the mukatab dies, the master would also be a claimant to his wealth equal to the other creditors.
