موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب العتق والولاءBook: On the Explanation of Emancipation and Allegiance
بَابُ عِتْقِ أُمَّهَاتِ الْأَوْلَادِ وَجَامِعِ الْقَضَاءِ فِي الْعَتَاقَةِFreeing mothers of children and comprehensive rulings on emancipation
Hadith 1273
وَحَدَّثَنِي وَحَدَّثَنِي مَالِك أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ " أَتَتْهُ وَلِيدَةٌ قَدْ ضَرَبَهَا سَيِّدُهَا بِنَارٍ أَوْ أَصَابَهَا بِهَا، فَأَعْتَقَهَا " .
A slave girl was brought to Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) whose master had burned her with fire, so he (may Allah be pleased with him) set her free.
. قَالَ مَالِك : الْأَمْرُ الْمُجْتَمَعُ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَنَا، أَنَّهُ لَا تَجُوزُ عَتَاقَةُ رَجُلٍ وَعَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ يُحِيطُ بِمَالِهِ، وَأَنَّهُ لَا تَجُوزُ عَتَاقَةُ الْغُلَامِ حَتَّى يَحْتَلِمَ أَوْ يَبْلُغَ مَبْلَغَ الْمُحْتَلِمِ، وَأَنَّهُ لَا تَجُوزُ عَتَاقَةُ الْمُوَلَّى عَلَيْهِ فِي مَالِهِ وَإِنْ بَلَغَ الْحُلُمَ حَتَّى يَلِيَ مَالَهُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person has so much debt that all his wealth could go towards paying it off, then if he frees a slave man or woman, it is not valid. Similarly, it is not valid for a minor to free his slave man or woman until he reaches maturity, nor for his guardian as long as his guardianship remains.
