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موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Malik (Yahya)
كتاب العتق والولاءBook: On the Explanation of Emancipation and Allegiance
بَابُ الْقَضَاءِ فِي مَالِ الْعَبْدِ إِذَا عَتَقَRuling on the property of a slave when he is freed
Hadith 1271
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنِي مَالِك، عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَهُ، يَقُولُ : مَضَتِ السُّنَّةُ أَنَّ " الْعَبْدَ إِذَا أُعْتِقَ، تَبِعَهُ مَالُهُ " .
Ibn Shihab used to say that the established practice is that when a slave is set free, his property belongs to him.
. قَالَ مَالِك : وَمِمَّا يُبَيِّنُ ذَلِكَ أَيْضًا، أَنَّ الْعَبْدَ وَالْمُكَاتَبَ إِذَا أَفْلَسَا أُخِذَتْ أَمْوَالُهُمَا وَأُمَّهَاتُ أَوْلَادِهِمَا وَلَمْ تُؤْخَذْ أَوْلَادُهُمَا، لِأَنَّهُمْ لَيْسُوا بِأَمْوَالٍ لَهُمَا . قَالَ مَالِك : وَمِمَّا يُبَيِّنُ ذَلِكَ أَيْضًا، أَنَّ الْعَبْدَ إِذَا بِيعَ وَاشْتَرَطَ الَّذِي ابْتَاعَهُ مَالَهُ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ وَلَدُهُ فِي مَالِهِ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Its evidence is also that when a slave is sold and the buyer stipulates the condition of taking his property, then the offspring will not be included in it.
قَالَ مَالِك : وَمِمَّا يُبَيِّنُ ذَلِكَ أَيْضًا، أَنَّ الْعَبْدَ إِذَا جَرَحَ أُخِذَ هُوَ وَمَالُهُ وَلَمْ يُؤْخَذْ وَلَدُهُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a slave injures someone, then he himself and his property will be held liable for the blood money, but his children will not be held accountable.
قَالَ مَالِك : وَمِمَّا يُبَيِّنُ ذَلِكَ، أَنَّ الْعَبْدَ إِذَا عَتِقَ تَبِعَهُ مَالُهُ، أَنَّ الْمُكَاتَبَ إِذَا كُوتِبَ تَبِعَهُ مَالُهُ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَشْتَرِطْهُ الْمُكَاتِبُ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ عَقْدَ الْكِتَابَةِ هُوَ عَقْدُ الْوَلَاءِ إِذَا تَمَّ ذَلِكَ، وَلَيْسَ مَالُ الْعَبْدِ وَالْمُكَاتَبِ بِمَنْزِلَةِ مَا كَانَ لَهُمَا مِنْ وَلَدٍ، إِنَّمَا أَوْلَادُهُمَا بِمَنْزِلَةِ رِقَابِهِمَا لَيْسُوا بِمَنْزِلَةِ أَمْوَالِهِمَا، لِأَنَّ السُّنَّةَ الَّتِي لَا اخْتِلَافَ فِيهَا أَنَّ الْعَبْدَ إِذَا عَتَقَ تَبِعَهُ مَالُهُ وَلَمْ يَتْبَعْهُ وَلَدُهُ، وَأَنَّ الْمُكَاتَبَ إِذَا كُوتِبَ تَبِعَهُ مَالُهُ وَلَمْ يَتْبَعْهُ وَلَدُهُ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that when a slave is made a mukatab (contracted for freedom), whatever wealth he possesses will remain his own, and this ruling does not apply to children. The children that the slave has at the time of being freed or contracted will belong to the master. Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The evidence for this is that when a slave or a mukatab becomes insolvent, their wealth and umm walad (slave woman who bore a child) will be taken, but not their children, because children are not the property of the slave.
