موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب العتق والولاءBook: On the Explanation of Emancipation and Allegiance
بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِيمَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا لَهُ فِي عَبْدٍChapter on what is reported regarding one who frees his share in a slave
Hadith 1268B2
. قَالَ مَالِك : وَلَوْ أَعْتَقَ رَجُلٌ ثُلُثَ عَبْدِهِ وَهُوَ مَرِيضٌ، فَبَتَّ عِتْقَهُ عَتَقَ عَلَيْهِ كُلُّهُ فِي ثُلُثِهِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الرَّجُلِ يُعْتِقُ ثُلُثَ عَبْدِهِ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهِ، لِأَنَّ الَّذِي يُعْتِقُ ثُلُثَ عَبْدِهِ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهِ لَوْ عَاشَ رَجَعَ فِيهِ وَلَمْ يَنْفُذْ عِتْقُهُ، وَأَنَّ الْعَبْدَ الَّذِي يَبِتُّ سَيِّدُهُ عِتْقَ ثُلُثِهِ فِي مَرَضِهِ يَعْتِقُ عَلَيْهِ كُلُّهُ إِنْ عَاشَ، وَإِنْ مَاتَ عَتَقَ عَلَيْهِ فِي ثُلُثِهِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ أَمْرَ الْمَيِّتِ جَائِزٌ فِي ثُلُثِهِ، كَمَا أَنَّ أَمْرَ الصَّحِيحِ جَائِزٌ فِي مَالِهِ كُلِّهِ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a person frees a third of his slaves during his illness, then they will be completely freed from the third of his wealth, because this is not like the case of a person who suspends the freedom of a third of his slaves upon his death, since their freedom is not definite as long as he is alive and he can retract it. And whoever, during his illness, absolutely frees a third of his slaves, if he survives, then all the slaves will be freed, because a bequest of a third of the wealth is valid for the deceased, just as the disposal of the entire wealth is valid for a healthy person.
