موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Imam Malik (Riwayat Yahya)
كتاب الطلاقBook: On the Explanation of Divorce
بَابُ الْإِيلَاءِOath of abstention (Ila')
Hadith 1152
وَحَدَّثَنِي، عَنْ مَالِك، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ، " أَنَّ مَرْوَانَ بْنَ الْحَكَمِ كَانَ يَقْضِي فِي الرَّجُلِ إِذَا آلَى مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ، أَنَّهَا إِذَا مَضَتِ الْأَرْبَعَةُ الْأَشْهُرِ، فَهِيَ تَطْلِيقَةٌ، وَلَهُ عَلَيْهَا الرَّجْعَةُ مَا دَامَتْ فِي عِدَّتِهَا " .
It reached Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, that Marwan bin Hakam used to rule: When a man makes an oath of abstinence (ila) from his wife and four months pass, then one divorce will take place, but the husband will have the option to take her back as long as she is in her waiting period (iddah).
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَعَلَى ذَلِكَ كَانَ رَأْيُ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ . ¤
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This was the opinion of Ibn Shihab.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي الرَّجُلِ يُولِي مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ فَيُوقَفُ، فَيُطَلِّقُ عِنْدَ انْقِضَاءِ الْأَرْبَعَةِ الْأَشْهُرِ ثُمَّ يُرَاجِعُ امْرَأَتَهُ : أَنَّهُ إِنْ لَمْ يُصِبْهَا حَتَّى تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّتُهَا، فَلَا سَبِيلَ لَهُ إِلَيْهَا، وَلَا رَجْعَةَ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا، إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ عُذْرٌ مِنْ مَرَضٍ أَوْ سِجْنٍ أَوْ مَا أَشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْعُذْرِ، فَإِنَّ ارْتِجَاعَهُ إِيَّاهَا ثَابِتٌ عَلَيْهَا، فَإِنْ مَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَهَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ، فَإِنَّهُ إِنْ لَمْ يُصِبْهَا حَتَّى تَنْقَضِيَ الْأَرْبَعَةُ الْأَشْهُرِ وُقِفَ أَيْضًا، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَفِئْ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ الطَّلَاقُ بِالْإِيلَاءِ الْأَوَّلِ إِذَا مَضَتِ الْأَرْبَعَةُ الْأَشْهُرِ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا رَجْعَةٌ لِأَنَّهُ نَكَحَهَا، ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَمَسَّهَا، فَلَا عِدَّةَ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا وَلَا رَجْعَةَ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that if a man makes an oath of abstinence (ila) from his wife, and then he is compelled after four months have passed and he gives divorce, then if he verbally takes her back (raj‘at) but does not have intercourse with her until the waiting period (‘iddah) ends, the raj‘at will not be valid. However, if he is ill, imprisoned, or there is some excuse, then verbal raj‘at will be valid. If the ‘iddah has passed and after the ‘iddah he marries her again, and then does not have intercourse with her for four months, he will again be compelled. If he does not return from ila, divorce will take place. Now, neither can the husband take her back nor will the woman have to observe ‘iddah, because this divorce occurred before consummation.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي الرَّجُلِ يُولِي مِنَ امْرَأَتِهِ، فَيُوقَفُ بَعْدَ الْأَرْبَعَةِ الْأَشْهُرِ، فَيُطَلِّقُ ثُمَّ يَرْتَجِعُ وَلَا يَمَسُّهَا، فَتَنْقَضِي أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّتُهَا : إِنَّهُ لَا يُوقَفُ وَلَا يَقَعُ عَلَيْهِ طَلَاقٌ، وَإِنَّهُ إِنْ أَصَابَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّتُهَا، كَانَ أَحَقَّ بِهَا، وَإِنْ مَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُصِيبَهَا، فَلَا سَبِيلَ لَهُ إِلَيْهَا، وَهَذَا أَحْسَنُ مَا سَمِعْتُ فِي ذَلِكَ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Whoever makes an oath of abstinence (ila) from his wife, then is compelled after four months, should divorce her and then take her back, and if he does not have intercourse for four months, then he will not be forced before the waiting period is over, nor will divorce take place. And if he has intercourse with her before the waiting period is over, then the woman will remain his. And if the waiting period passes before intercourse, then the husband will have no authority over the woman. Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This is the best that I have heard in this chapter.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي الرَّجُلِ يُولِي مِنَ امْرَأَتِهِ، ثُمَّ يُطَلِّقُهَا فَتَنْقَضِي الْأَرْبَعَةُ الْأَشْهُرِ قَبْلَ انْقِضَاءِ عِدَّةِ الطَّلَاقِ، قَالَ : هُمَا تَطْلِيقَتَانِ، إِنْ هُوَ وُقِفَ، وَلَمْ يَفِئْ، وَإِنْ مَضَتْ عِدَّةُ الطَّلَاقِ قَبْلَ الْأَرْبَعَةِ الْأَشْهُرِ، فَلَيْسَ الْإِيلَاءُ بِطَلَاقٍ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْأَرْبَعَةَ الْأَشْهُرِ الَّتِي كَانَتْ تُوقَفُ بَعْدَهَا مَضَتْ، وَلَيْسَتْ لَهُ يَوْمَئِذٍ بِامْرَأَةٍ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person makes an oath of abstinence (ila) from his wife, then divorces her, and the four months are completed before the waiting period (‘iddah) of divorce ends, then if the husband does not revoke the ila, the divorce will take effect. However, if the waiting period of divorce ends before the completion of four months, then the ila becomes void, because from the day the waiting period ends, the woman is no longer his wife.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَمَنْ حَلَفَ أَنْ لَا يَطَأَ امْرَأَتَهُ يَوْمًا أَوْ شَهْرًا، ثُمَّ مَكَثَ حَتَّى يَنْقَضِيَ أَكْثَرُ مِنَ الْأَرْبَعَةِ الْأَشْهُرِ، فَلَا يَكُونُ ذَلِكَ إِيلَاءً، وَإِنَّمَا يُوقَفُ فِي الْإِيلَاءِ مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْأَرْبَعَةِ الْأَشْهُرِ، فَأَمَّا مَنْ حَلَفَ أَنْ لَا يَطَأَ امْرَأَتَهُ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ، أَوْ أَدْنَى مِنْ ذَلِكَ، فَلَا أَرَى عَلَيْهِ إِيلَاءً، لِأَنَّهُ إِذَا دَخَلَ الْأَجَلُ الَّذِي يُوقَفُ عِنْدَهُ خَرَجَ مِنْ يَمِينِهِ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيْهِ وَقْفٌ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person swears that he will not have intercourse with his wife for a day or a month, and then remains away for four months or more, this will not be considered ila. Ila is when one swears not to have intercourse for more than four months. If someone swears for four months or less, it will not be considered ila, because when the days of compulsion arrive, the ruling of the oath will not apply.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : مَنْ حَلَفَ لِامْرَأَتِهِ أَنْ لَا يَطَأَهَا حَتَّى تَفْطِمَ وَلَدَهَا، فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ لَا يَكُونُ إِيلَاءً، وَقَدْ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ سُئِلَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَلَمْ يَرَهُ إِيلَاءً
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person swears that he will not have intercourse with his wife as long as she is breastfeeding the child, then this will not be considered as Ila (oath of abstinence).
