موطا امام مالك رواية يحييٰ
Muwatta Malik (Yahya)
كتاب النكاحBook: On the Explanation of Marriage
بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي الصَّدَاقِ وَالْحِبَاءِChapter on what is reported regarding dowry and gifts
Hadith 1084
قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي الْمَرْأَةِ يُنْكِحُهَا أَبُوهَا، وَيَشْتَرِطُ فِي صَدَاقِهَا الْحِبَاءَ يُحْبَى بِهِ : إِنَّ مَا كَانَ مِنْ شَرْطٍ يَقَعُ بِهِ النِّكَاحُ، فَهُوَ لِابْنَتِهِ إِنِ ابْتَغَتْهُ، وَإِنْ فَارَقَهَا زَوْجُهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا، فَلِزَوْجِهَا شَطْرُ الْحِبَاءِ الَّذِي وَقَعَ بِهِ النِّكَاحُ .
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a person marries off his minor daughter and the boy has no personal wealth, then the dowry will be obligatory upon the boy’s father. And if the boy has personal wealth, then the dowry will be given from his wealth, except in the case where the father takes the dowry upon himself. And this marriage will be binding upon the girl as long as she is a minor and under her father's guardianship.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي الرَّجُلِ يُزَوِّجُ ابْنَهُ صَغِيرًا، لَا مَالَ لَهُ : إِنَّ الصَّدَاقَ عَلَى أَبِيهِ إِذَا كَانَ الْغُلَامُ يَوْمَ تَزَوَّجَ لَا مَالَ لَهُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ لِلْغُلَامِ مَالٌ، فَالصَّدَاقُ فِي مَالِ الْغُلَامِ، إِلَّا أَنْ يُسَمِّيَ الْأَبُ، أَنَّ الصَّدَاقَ عَلَيْهِ، وَذَلِكَ النِّكَاحُ ثَابِتٌ عَلَى الْابْنِ إِذَا كَانَ صَغِيرًا، وَكَانَ فِي وِلَايَةِ أَبِيهِ . قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي طَلَاقِ الرَّجُلِ امْرَأَتَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا، وَهِيَ بِكْرٌ، فَيَعْفُو أَبُوهَا عَنْ نِصْفِ الصَّدَاقِ : إِنَّ ذَلِكَ جَائِزٌ لِزَوْجِهَا مِنْ أَبِيهَا فِيمَا وَضَعَ عَنْهُ
Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a man divorces his wife before consummation, and the wife is a virgin, then if her father forgives the husband half of the dower, it is valid, because Allah the Exalted has said: "If you divorce your women before you have touched them, and you have appointed for them a dower, then half of what you have appointed is due, unless they forgo it, or he forgoes in whose hand is the knot of marriage." That person is the father of his virgin daughter and the master of his slave-girl.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى قَالَ فِي كِتَابِهِ : إِلا أَنْ يَعْفُونَ فَهُنَّ النِّسَاءُ اللَّاتِي قَدْ دُخِلَ بِهِنَّ أَوْ يَعْفُوَ الَّذِي بِيَدِهِ عُقْدَةُ النِّكَاحِ سورة البقرة آية 237 فَهُوَ الْأَبُ فِي ابْنَتِهِ الْبِكْرِ، وَالسَّيِّدُ فِي أَمَتِه
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: I have heard the same from the people of knowledge regarding this matter, and in my view, this is the ruling.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَهَذَا الَّذِي سَمِعْتُ فِي ذَلِكَ، وَالَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الْأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا . قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي الْيَهُودِيَّةِ أَوِ النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ، تَحْتَ الْيَهُودِيِّ أَوِ النَّصْرَانِيِّ فَتُسْلِمُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا : أَنَّهُ لَا صَدَاقَ لَهَا . قَالَ مَالِكٌ : لَا أَرَى أَنْ تُنْكَحَ الْمَرْأَةُ بِأَقَلَّ مِنْ رُبْعِ دِينَارٍ، وَذَلِكَ أَدْنَى مَا يَجِبُ فِيهِ الْقَطْعُ
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If a Jew marries a Jewish woman or a Christian marries a Christian woman, then before consummation she becomes Muslim, she will not receive the dowry.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In my view, the dowry cannot be less than a quarter dinar, and the hand will not be cut off for theft of less than a quarter dinar.
Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said: In my view, the dowry cannot be less than a quarter dinar, and the hand will not be cut off for theft of less than a quarter dinar.
وَحَدَّثَنِي، عَنْ مَالِك، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ كَتَبَ فِي خِلَافَتِهِ إِلَى بَعْضِ عُمَّالِهِ : " أَنَّ كُلَّ مَا اشْتَرَطَ الْمُنْكِحُ مَنْ كَانَ أَبًا أَوْ غَيْرَهُ، مِنْ حِبَاءٍ أَوْ كَرَامَةٍ، فَهُوَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ إِنِ ابْتَغَتْهُ " .
It reached Imam Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) that Umar bin Abdul Aziz (may Allah have mercy on him) wrote to his governor that whether the one who arranges the marriage is the father or someone else, if he stipulates a condition to take a gift or present from the husband, it will go to the woman if she demands it.
Imam Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) said: If a woman's marriage is arranged by her father and he stipulates a condition for some gift in her dowry, if that condition is the basis upon which the marriage took place, then that gift will go to his daughter if she wishes.
Imam Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) said: If the husband divorces the wife before consummation, then the husband will take back half of the gift.
Imam Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) said: If a woman's marriage is arranged by her father and he stipulates a condition for some gift in her dowry, if that condition is the basis upon which the marriage took place, then that gift will go to his daughter if she wishes.
Imam Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) said: If the husband divorces the wife before consummation, then the husband will take back half of the gift.
