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موطا امام مالك رواية ابن القاسم
Muwatta Malik (Qasim)
Issues of Blood Money, Retaliation, and Punishments
Who pays blood money if a murder case is doubtful?
Hadith 537
اُردوEn
525- مالك عن أبى ليلى بن عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن ابن سهل عن سهل بن أبى حثمة أنه أخبره هو ورجل من كبراء قومه: أن عبد الله بن سهل ومحيصة خرجا إلى خيبر من جهد أصابهم فأتي محيصة فأخبر أن عبد الله بن سهل قد قتل وطرح فى فقير بئر أو عين، فأتى يهود فقال: أنتم والله قتلتموه، قالوا: والله ما قتلناه. فأقبل حتى قدم على قومه، فذكر ذلك لهم، ثم أقبل هو وأخوه حويصة وهو أكبر منه وعبد الرحمن بن سهل، فذهب محيصة ليتكلم وهو الذى كان بخيبر، فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم لمحيصة: ”كبر كبر“ يريد السن، فتكلم حويصة ثم تكلم محيصة، فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: ”إما أن يدوا صاحبكم وإما أن يؤذنوا بحرب“ فكتب إليهم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فى ذلك، فكتبوا: إنا والله ما قتلناه. فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم لحويصة ومحيصة وعبد الرحمن: ”أتحلفون وتستحقون دم صاحبكم؟“ قالوا: لا، قال: ”أفتحلف لكم يهود؟“ قالوا: ليسوا بمسلمين. فوداه رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم من عنده، فبعث إليهم بمئة ناقة حتى أدخلت عليهم الدار. قال سهل: لقد ركضتني منها ناقة حمراء.
The elders of the tribe of Sayyiduna Sahl bin Abi Hathma (may Allah be pleased with him) informed him that Abdullah bin Sahl and Muhayyisa both went to Khaybar due to hunger. Muhayyisa came and reported that Abdullah bin Sahl had been killed and thrown near a well or a spring. Then he went to the Jews and said: "By Allah! You have killed him (Abdullah bin Sahl)." The Jews replied: "By Allah! We did not kill him." Then he returned to his people and informed them of this. Afterwards, he, his elder brother Huwayyisa (may Allah be pleased with him), and Abdur Rahman bin Sahl (may Allah be pleased with him) came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). When Muhayyisa, who had gone to Khaybar, tried to speak, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to Muhayyisa: "Let the elder speak, let the older one speak." So Huwayyisa spoke, then Muhayyisa spoke. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Either they pay the blood money for your companion or be prepared for war." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) wrote to the Jews, and they replied in writing: "By Allah! We did not kill him." Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to Huwayyisa, Muhayyisa, and Abdur Rahman: "Will you swear an oath and thus become entitled to your companion's blood?" They said: "No." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Will you let the Jews swear an oath for you?" They said: "They are not Muslims." So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) paid the blood money from his own side. He sent one hundred camels to them until they were brought into their home. Sahl (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "One of the red she-camels kicked me."
Explanation & Benefits
Hafiz Zubair Ali Zai
Hadith Authentication:
[وأخرجه البخاري 7192، ومسلم 6/ 1669، من حديث مالك به وفي رواية يحييٰ بن يحييٰ : ”وَرِجَالٌ“]
Jurisprudential Points:
➊ From the very beginning, the Jews and all disbelievers have been staunch enemies of the Muslims.
➋ In the early days of Islam, the Muslims were extremely poor, then Allah, the Exalted, opened the treasures of His provision for them.
➌ If one is certain about one’s assumption, an oath may be taken, but the judgment will be based only on evidence, not on oath or assumption—except if an oath is specifically demanded.
➍ The etiquette of gatherings should be observed; for example, in the presence of someone older or a greater scholar, one should remain silent and listen, allowing them to speak.
➎ Defending oppressed Muslims is the right of the Islamic government.
➏ If the defendant denies the claim, then no judgment can be passed against him without witnesses and evidence.
➐ A principle of hadith is that for a narrator to be considered upright (‘adl, i.e., trustworthy), it is a condition that he be a Muslim; that is, a disbeliever or polytheist is neither upright nor trustworthy. This hadith confirms this principle.
➑ If the murderer cannot be traced, blood money (diyah) may be paid to the heirs of the murdered from the public treasury (bayt al-mal).
➒ If the disbelievers commit treachery or aggression, or if there is suspicion of treachery or aggression and the circumstances support this, then the treaty with them may be annulled or revoked.
➓ If the defendant explicitly swears an oath and denies the accusation, he is acquitted—unless clear evidence or proof is presented against him.
[وأخرجه البخاري 7192، ومسلم 6/ 1669، من حديث مالك به وفي رواية يحييٰ بن يحييٰ : ”وَرِجَالٌ“]
Jurisprudential Points:
➊ From the very beginning, the Jews and all disbelievers have been staunch enemies of the Muslims.
➋ In the early days of Islam, the Muslims were extremely poor, then Allah, the Exalted, opened the treasures of His provision for them.
➌ If one is certain about one’s assumption, an oath may be taken, but the judgment will be based only on evidence, not on oath or assumption—except if an oath is specifically demanded.
➍ The etiquette of gatherings should be observed; for example, in the presence of someone older or a greater scholar, one should remain silent and listen, allowing them to speak.
➎ Defending oppressed Muslims is the right of the Islamic government.
➏ If the defendant denies the claim, then no judgment can be passed against him without witnesses and evidence.
➐ A principle of hadith is that for a narrator to be considered upright (‘adl, i.e., trustworthy), it is a condition that he be a Muslim; that is, a disbeliever or polytheist is neither upright nor trustworthy. This hadith confirms this principle.
➑ If the murderer cannot be traced, blood money (diyah) may be paid to the heirs of the murdered from the public treasury (bayt al-mal).
➒ If the disbelievers commit treachery or aggression, or if there is suspicion of treachery or aggression and the circumstances support this, then the treaty with them may be annulled or revoked.
➓ If the defendant explicitly swears an oath and denies the accusation, he is acquitted—unless clear evidence or proof is presented against him.
Source: Muwatta Imam Malik (Narration of Ibn al-Qasim): Commentary by Zubair Ali Zai, Page: 525
