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موطا امام مالك رواية ابن القاسم
Muwatta Malik (Qasim)
Issues of Fasting
Description of fasting on ‘Ashura
Hadith 266
اُردوEn
466- وبه: أنها قالت: كان يوم عاشوراء يوما تصومه قريش فى الجاهلية، وكان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يصومه فى الجاهلية، فلما قدم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم المدينة صامه وأمر بصيامه، فلما فرض رمضان كان هو الفريضة وترك يوم عاشوراء، فمن شاء صامه ومن شاء تركه.
And with this same chain (it is narrated from Sayyidah Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her) that in the days of ignorance, the Quraysh used to fast on the day of Ashura, and the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, also used to fast it before his prophethood. Then when the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, came to Madinah, he himself fasted on this day and also ordered others to fast. Then when Ramadan was made obligatory, its fasts became obligatory and the fast of Ashura was abandoned. So whoever wishes may fast on this day, and whoever wishes may leave it, that is, not fast.
Explanation & Benefits
Hafiz Zubair Ali Zai
Hadith Authentication:
[وأخرجه البخاري 2002، من حديث مالك به]
Jurisprudential Points:
➊ The fast of Ashura is not obligatory but Sunnah. By observing this fast, the sins of the previous year are forgiven. See: [صحيح مسلم 1162، ترقيم دارالسلام : 2747]
➋ In a narration from Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Abbas radi Allahu anhu, it is reported that the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: If I remain alive till the next year, I will fast on the ninth (9th) of Muharram. See: [صحيح مسلم 1134، دارالسلام : 2666]
◄ Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas radi Allahu anhu said to a person: When you see the crescent of Muharram, start counting and fast on the ninth (9th) of Muharram. [صحيح مسلم : 1133، دارالسلام : 2664]
◄ If someone says: Does this mean that there will be no fast on the tenth of Muharram? The answer is that Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Abbas radi Allahu anhu said: «صوموا التاسع والعاشر وخلفوا اليهود» Fast on the ninth and tenth (of Muharram) and oppose the Jews. [السنن الكبريٰ للبيهقي 4/287 وسنده صحيح، مصنف عبدالرزاق 7839، السنن المأثوره للشافعي رواية الطحاوي ص317 ح337]
And it is evident that the narrator knows his own narration best.
◄ Hafiz Ibn Hajar rahimahullah has mentioned this as a principle of some people by way of argument. See: [فتح الباري 4/230 ح2111]
➌ Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr used to fast on Ashura. See: [مصنف ابن ابي شيبه تقديم الشيخ سعد بن عبدالله آل حميد ج4 ص90 ح9450 وسنده صحيح، وسقط القاسم من النسخة الأخريٰ !]
[وأخرجه البخاري 2002، من حديث مالك به]
Jurisprudential Points:
➊ The fast of Ashura is not obligatory but Sunnah. By observing this fast, the sins of the previous year are forgiven. See: [صحيح مسلم 1162، ترقيم دارالسلام : 2747]
➋ In a narration from Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Abbas radi Allahu anhu, it is reported that the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: If I remain alive till the next year, I will fast on the ninth (9th) of Muharram. See: [صحيح مسلم 1134، دارالسلام : 2666]
◄ Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas radi Allahu anhu said to a person: When you see the crescent of Muharram, start counting and fast on the ninth (9th) of Muharram. [صحيح مسلم : 1133، دارالسلام : 2664]
◄ If someone says: Does this mean that there will be no fast on the tenth of Muharram? The answer is that Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Abbas radi Allahu anhu said: «صوموا التاسع والعاشر وخلفوا اليهود» Fast on the ninth and tenth (of Muharram) and oppose the Jews. [السنن الكبريٰ للبيهقي 4/287 وسنده صحيح، مصنف عبدالرزاق 7839، السنن المأثوره للشافعي رواية الطحاوي ص317 ح337]
And it is evident that the narrator knows his own narration best.
◄ Hafiz Ibn Hajar rahimahullah has mentioned this as a principle of some people by way of argument. See: [فتح الباري 4/230 ح2111]
➌ Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr used to fast on Ashura. See: [مصنف ابن ابي شيبه تقديم الشيخ سعد بن عبدالله آل حميد ج4 ص90 ح9450 وسنده صحيح، وسقط القاسم من النسخة الأخريٰ !]
Source: Muwatta Imam Malik (Narration of Ibn al-Qasim): Commentary by Zubair Ali Zai, Page: 466
