Muwatta Malik (Qasim)

Hadith Authentication: [وأخرجه مسلم 405، من حديث ما لك به]
Jurisprudential Points:
➊ Any wording of the salutations (salat/darood) that is established from the hadith is Sunnah and legislated to recite.
➋ Reciting salutations (darood) in the final tashahhud of the prayer is obligatory (wajib), and in the first tashahhud it is preferable and recommended (mustahabb).
➌ Generally, the salutations (darood) recited in prayer are as follows:
«اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ، اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ» Its evidence is found in [صحيح بخاري 3370] and [سنن الكبريٰ للبيهقي 148/2ح 2856 وسنده صحيح].
➍ “Aal” refers to the Ahl al-Bayt, such as the wives of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam and the family of Ali, etc., and also includes the Ummah who follow the Book and the Sunnah. However, here “Aal” refers to the family and followers.
➎ In the Noble Qur’an, in Surah al-Ahzab (56), the command to send salutations (darood) refers to reciting the above and other legislated salutations in prayer. Some scholars say that sending salutations once in a lifetime is obligatory (wajib). This opinion of the scholars is weak (marjuh), and the stronger (rajih) view is that reciting salutations in every prayer is obligatory (fard).

1286. Commentary:

➊ "It has been commanded." The way the Companions asked you about sending blessings (salat) and the reference to salam in the question and answer is evidence that this question was about prayer (salah), because salam is obligatory only in prayer.

➋ By "Aal" (family), it is meant your Muslim close relatives or followers, i.e., the Companions or the entire Ummah. This word has been used in all three meanings.

➌ The reference to Ibrahim (alayhis salam) in the salat (blessings) is either because he is your forefather, or because all heavenly religions (Islam, Judaism, Christianity) consider him their leader.

➍ In every form of salat (blessings) that you taught, there is necessarily a reference to Ibrahim (alayhis salam), therefore there is consensus of the entire Ummah that in every type of prayer (salah), only the Salat Ibrahimiyyah should be recited. Even outside of prayer, the Salat Ibrahimiyyah is better, although any other salat that is established from hadith may also be recited.

➎ "All the worlds" refers to both this world and the Hereafter.

➏ From this blessed hadith, the humility and noble character of the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) is evident; he used to respect his noble Companions (radi Allahu anhum) and, expressing closeness, would go to them.

➐ If the noble Companions (radi Allahu anhum) faced any legal (shar‘i) issue, they would not legislate from themselves, but would refer to the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam). Therefore, we too should, if we face any issue, seek guidance from the Qur’an and Sunnah, and not hasten towards our own reasoning and conjectures.

➑ If any questioner asked the Noble Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) a question and Allah had not yet informed you of its answer, you would wait for revelation, as Allah the Exalted has said: «وَمَا يَنْطِقُ عَنِ الْهَوَىo إِنْ هُوَ إِلا وَحْيٌ يُوحَى» [النجم : 3 : 53 ، 4] "And he does not speak from [his own] desire. It is but a revelation revealed to him."

➒ From this blessed hadith, it is established to send salat (blessings) upon other Prophets as well.

Explanation:
1:
The author has mentioned this hadith in the context of the interpretation of the statement of Allah, the Exalted: ﴿Indeed, Allah and His angels send blessings upon the Prophet. O you who have believed, ask [ Allah to confer] blessing upon him and ask [ Allah to grant him] peace.﴾ ().