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مسند اسحاق بن راهويه
Musnad Ishaq
كتاب الامارةBook of Leadership
Politics of the Prophets and the finality of Prophethood explained
Hadith 886
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا الْمُصْعَبُ بْنُ الْمِقْدَامِ، نا إِسْرَائِيلُ، نا فُرَاتٌ الْقزَّازُ، عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: ((لَا نَبِيَّ بَعْدِي)) ، قَالُوا: فَمَا يَكُونُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: ((يَكُونُ خُلَفَاءُ، بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى أَثَرِ بَعْضٍ، فَمَنِ اسْتَقَامَ مِنْهُمْ فَفُوا لَهُمْ بَيْعَتَهُمْ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَقِمْ فَأَدُّوا إِلَيْهِمْ حَقَّهُمْ وَسَلُوا اللَّهَ الَّذِي لَكُمْ)) .
Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), he (peace be upon him) said: "There will be no prophet after me." They asked: O Messenger of Allah! Then what will happen? He (peace be upon him) said: "There will be deputies one after another, so whoever among them remains upright, be loyal to their pledge of allegiance, and whoever does not remain upright, give them their due right, and ask Allah for your own right."
Explanation & Benefits
Hafiz Abdush Shakoor Tirmidhi
Benefits:
➊ ... From the mentioned hadith, the affirmation of politics (siyasah) is established. It is understood that politics is not an evil thing; if it were evil, the Prophets (alayhimussalam) would not have engaged in it. The meaning of the politics of the Prophets (alayhimussalam) is that they were responsible for both the religion and worldly affairs of their people, because these matters were included in the mission of the Prophets (alayhimussalam): to reform the people, to look after them, and to manage the administration of the Islamic state. Therefore, if a Prophet passed away, another would become his successor. Just as Sayyiduna Musa (alayhis salam) was succeeded by Sayyiduna Yusha (alayhis salam).
➋ ... From the mentioned hadith, it is understood that the Noble Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) is the last Prophet; no Prophet will come after him. As Allah, the Possessor of Majesty, has said:
﴿مَا كَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ أَبَا أَحَدٍ مِّن رِّجَالِكُمْ وَلَـٰكِن رَّسُولَ اللَّهِ وَخَاتَمَ النَّبِيِّينَ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمًا﴾ ( al-Ahzab: 40)
“(O people!) Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) is not the father of any of your men, but he is the Messenger of Allah and the Seal of the Prophets, and Allah is All-Knowing of everything.”
➌ ... It is understood that after the Noble Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), there will be caliphs (khulafa), and it is also clarified that after one caliph, it is not permissible to pledge allegiance to another caliph. Nor is it permissible to rebel against the legitimate (shar‘i) leader. If the leader is negligent in his duties, he will be a criminal in the sight of Allah, and the public should not be negligent in fulfilling their own duties. Because every person will be questioned about his responsibilities, whether he is a ruler or a subject—whoever is negligent in his responsibility will be answerable in the court of Allah, the Possessor of Majesty.
As it is narrated from Sayyiduna Wa’il ibn Hujr (radi Allahu anhu) that Salamah ibn Yazid Ju‘fi (radi Allahu anhu) asked the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam): “O Messenger of Allah! Tell us about this: if such (evil) rulers are imposed over us who demand their rights from us but do not give us our rights, what do you command us to do?” He (the Prophet) turned away from him, but he repeated the question. Then the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said: “Listen to them and obey them; upon them is the burden that they have been made to bear (i.e., justice and fairness), and upon you is the burden that you have been made to bear (i.e., obedience).” ( Muslim, Kitab al-Imarah, Bab fi Ta‘at al-Umara’ etc., no. 1846)
➊ ... From the mentioned hadith, the affirmation of politics (siyasah) is established. It is understood that politics is not an evil thing; if it were evil, the Prophets (alayhimussalam) would not have engaged in it. The meaning of the politics of the Prophets (alayhimussalam) is that they were responsible for both the religion and worldly affairs of their people, because these matters were included in the mission of the Prophets (alayhimussalam): to reform the people, to look after them, and to manage the administration of the Islamic state. Therefore, if a Prophet passed away, another would become his successor. Just as Sayyiduna Musa (alayhis salam) was succeeded by Sayyiduna Yusha (alayhis salam).
➋ ... From the mentioned hadith, it is understood that the Noble Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) is the last Prophet; no Prophet will come after him. As Allah, the Possessor of Majesty, has said:
﴿مَا كَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ أَبَا أَحَدٍ مِّن رِّجَالِكُمْ وَلَـٰكِن رَّسُولَ اللَّهِ وَخَاتَمَ النَّبِيِّينَ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمًا﴾ ( al-Ahzab: 40)
“(O people!) Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) is not the father of any of your men, but he is the Messenger of Allah and the Seal of the Prophets, and Allah is All-Knowing of everything.”
➌ ... It is understood that after the Noble Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), there will be caliphs (khulafa), and it is also clarified that after one caliph, it is not permissible to pledge allegiance to another caliph. Nor is it permissible to rebel against the legitimate (shar‘i) leader. If the leader is negligent in his duties, he will be a criminal in the sight of Allah, and the public should not be negligent in fulfilling their own duties. Because every person will be questioned about his responsibilities, whether he is a ruler or a subject—whoever is negligent in his responsibility will be answerable in the court of Allah, the Possessor of Majesty.
As it is narrated from Sayyiduna Wa’il ibn Hujr (radi Allahu anhu) that Salamah ibn Yazid Ju‘fi (radi Allahu anhu) asked the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam): “O Messenger of Allah! Tell us about this: if such (evil) rulers are imposed over us who demand their rights from us but do not give us our rights, what do you command us to do?” He (the Prophet) turned away from him, but he repeated the question. Then the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said: “Listen to them and obey them; upon them is the burden that they have been made to bear (i.e., justice and fairness), and upon you is the burden that you have been made to bear (i.e., obedience).” ( Muslim, Kitab al-Imarah, Bab fi Ta‘at al-Umara’ etc., no. 1846)
Source: Musnad Ishaq bin Rahwayh, Page: 886
