Musnad Ishaq

Benefits:
➊ From the mentioned hadith, it is understood that it is not permissible to abuse a Muslim or to fight with him, because the Shari‘ah desires that the mutual relations among Muslims remain pleasant. Therefore, the Shari‘ah has prohibited those actions which cause mutual relations to deteriorate. It is understood that abusing a Muslim is fisq (wickedness). Fisq means to depart from the command of Allah and His Messenger (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam); in the Shari‘ah, it is more severe than disobedience (‘isyan). As Allah says: ﴿وَكَرَّهَ إِلَيْكُمُ الْكُفْرَ وَالْفُسُوقَ وَالْعِصْيَانَ﴾ (: al-Hujurat: 7).... “And He has made disbelief, wickedness, and disobedience hateful to you.” If someone is patient and does not respond, rather forgives, then this is better. As Allah the Exalted says: ﴿وَلَمَنْ صَبَرَ وَغَفَرَ إِنَّ ذَٰلِكَ لَمِنْ عَزْمِ الْأُمُورِ﴾ (: ash-Shura: 43).... “And whoever is patient and forgives, indeed that is from the matters requiring determination.” If one does wish to retaliate, then the condition is that he should only abuse as much as he was abused, not exceed, nor say anything that is a lie. In this case, the sin of both will be upon the one who initiated the abuse, as the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said: “Whatever two people who abuse each other say, the sin of it is upon the one who started it, as long as the oppressed does not transgress.” (: Muslim, no. 2587)

➋ ... Fighting with a Muslim is kufr (disbelief). However, the kufr intended here is not that which expels a person from the fold of Islam. Rather, the scholars have explained that there are two types of kufr: one which expels a person from Islam—this is major kufr. The second is (kufr duna kufr), i.e., a lesser kufr than the major one. Because of this, a person does not leave the fold of Islam. Allah the Exalted says: ﴿وَإِن طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا﴾ (: al-Hujurat: 9).... “If two groups among the believers fight, then make peace between them.” In the following verse, He says: ﴿إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ إِخْوَةٌ فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَ أَخَوَيْكُمْ﴾ (: al-Hujurat: 10) “The believers are but brothers, so make peace between your brothers.” It is understood that even after fighting, Muslims remain believers; their brotherhood of faith is not terminated such that they would be expelled from the Islamic community. Allah the Exalted says: ﴿فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَأَدَاءٌ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ﴾ (: al-Baqarah: 178).... “So whoever is pardoned by his brother in any way, then let there be a suitable follow-up and payment to him with good conduct.” It is understood that even after murder, the killer is a Muslim, and the heirs of the slain are his religious and faithful brothers.