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مسند اسحاق بن راهويه
Musnad Ishaq
كتاب البيوعBook of Transactions
Description of types of usury (riba)
Hadith 446
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا يَعْلَى بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، نا فُضَيْلٌ، وَهُوَ ابْنُ غَزْوَانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نُعْمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: الْفِضَّةُ بِالْفِضَّةِ مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ وَزْنًا بِوَزْنٍ، فَمَا زَادَ فَهُوَ رِبًا، وَالذَّهَبُ بِالذَّهَبِ مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ وَزْنًا بِوَزْنٍ فَمَا زَادَ فَهُوَ رِبًا، وَلَا تُبَاعُ تَمْرَةٌ حَتَّى يَبْدُوَ صَلَاحُهَا ".
Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), he (peace be upon him) said: "Silver should be exchanged for silver in equal amounts and by weight, so whatever is in excess is usury. And gold should be exchanged for gold in equal amounts and by weight, so whatever is in excess is usury. And dates should not be sold until their (ripeness) becomes apparent."
Explanation & Benefits
Hafiz Abdush Shakoor Tirmidhi
Benefits:
➊ The jurists have described two types of usury (riba):
(1) Riba al-Fadl: ... Selling two items of the same kind with an increase or decrease (i.e., with disparity in quantity or quality).
(2) Riba al-Nasi’ah: ... In this, there is no increase or decrease, but the transaction is such that payment is made immediately from one side and deferred from the other.
In another hadith, it is narrated from Sayyiduna Ubadah ibn al-Samit radi Allahu anhu that the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: “Gold for gold, silver for silver, wheat for wheat, barley for barley, dates for dates, and salt for salt—equal for equal and hand to hand (i.e., immediate exchange). If the types are different, then sell as you wish, provided that payment is made hand to hand.” (Muslim, Kitab al-Musaqat, no. 1587)
From the aforementioned ahadith, it is understood that for the six items mentioned, exchanging them with their own kind—such as gold for gold and silver for silver—with any increase or decrease is forbidden. The second point is that even if the exchange is equal, the condition is that it must be hand to hand (immediate).
In another hadith it is stated: “Gold for gold must be equal in weight and of the same type; silver for silver must be equal in weight and of the same type. Then, if anyone takes more or gives more, that is usury (riba).” (Muslim, Kitab al-Musaqat, no. 1588)
And if the items are of different kinds, then disparity is permissible. For example, giving one sa‘ (measure) of dates in exchange for two sa‘ of wheat. However, the condition is that their price must be paid immediately, or the item must be given immediately. If it is deferred, then the mutual consent of both parties and specification of the type and quantity is necessary.
➋ From the aforementioned hadith, it is also understood that dates should not be sold until their ripeness is apparent, because the reason for prohibition is deception. The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam forbade deceptive sales. (Muslim, no. 1513; Sunan Abi Dawud, no. 3376)
➊ The jurists have described two types of usury (riba):
(1) Riba al-Fadl: ... Selling two items of the same kind with an increase or decrease (i.e., with disparity in quantity or quality).
(2) Riba al-Nasi’ah: ... In this, there is no increase or decrease, but the transaction is such that payment is made immediately from one side and deferred from the other.
In another hadith, it is narrated from Sayyiduna Ubadah ibn al-Samit radi Allahu anhu that the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: “Gold for gold, silver for silver, wheat for wheat, barley for barley, dates for dates, and salt for salt—equal for equal and hand to hand (i.e., immediate exchange). If the types are different, then sell as you wish, provided that payment is made hand to hand.” (Muslim, Kitab al-Musaqat, no. 1587)
From the aforementioned ahadith, it is understood that for the six items mentioned, exchanging them with their own kind—such as gold for gold and silver for silver—with any increase or decrease is forbidden. The second point is that even if the exchange is equal, the condition is that it must be hand to hand (immediate).
In another hadith it is stated: “Gold for gold must be equal in weight and of the same type; silver for silver must be equal in weight and of the same type. Then, if anyone takes more or gives more, that is usury (riba).” (Muslim, Kitab al-Musaqat, no. 1588)
And if the items are of different kinds, then disparity is permissible. For example, giving one sa‘ (measure) of dates in exchange for two sa‘ of wheat. However, the condition is that their price must be paid immediately, or the item must be given immediately. If it is deferred, then the mutual consent of both parties and specification of the type and quantity is necessary.
➋ From the aforementioned hadith, it is also understood that dates should not be sold until their ripeness is apparent, because the reason for prohibition is deception. The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam forbade deceptive sales. (Muslim, no. 1513; Sunan Abi Dawud, no. 3376)
Source: Musnad Ishaq bin Rahwayh, Page: 446
