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مسند اسحاق بن راهويه
Musnad Ishaq
كتاب المناسكBook of Pilgrimage Rites
Declaration of disassociation after the conquest of Makkah
Hadith 306
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا النَّضْرُ، نا شُعْبَةُ، نا سُلَيْمَانُ وَهُوَ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ أَبُوَ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنِ الْمُحَرَّرِ بْنِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: " كُنْتُ فِي الَّذِينَ بَعَثَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِبَرَاءَةَ مَعَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ إِلَى مَكَّةَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ ابْنُهُ: بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تُنَادُونَ؟ قَالَ: بِأَرْبَعٍ: أَنْ لَا يَدْخُلَ الْجَنَّةَ إِلَّا نَفْسٌ مُؤْمِنَةٌ وَلَا يَحُجَّ بَعْدَ الْعَامِ مُشْرِكٌ وَلَا يَطُوفَ بِالْبَيْتِ عُريَانٌ، وَمَنْ كَانَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَهْدٌ فَأَجَلُهُ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ، قَالَ: كُنْتُ أُنَادِي بِهِنَّ حَتَّى مَحِلَ صَوْتِي ".
Muharrir bin Abi Hurairah narrated from his father, who said: I was among those whom the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) sent with Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) to announce the declaration of Bara’ah in Makkah. His son (Muharrir) asked him: What things would you announce? He said: Four things: Only a believing soul will enter Paradise; after this year, no polytheist will perform Hajj; there will be no naked circumambulation of the House (Ka'bah); and whoever has a treaty with the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), its duration is four months. He said: I used to make this announcement until my voice became hoarse.
Explanation & Benefits
Hafiz Abdush Shakoor Tirmidhi
Benefits:
After the conquest of Makkah, in the 9th year of Hijrah, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) sent Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) as the leader of Hajj, and sent Sayyiduna Ali (radi Allahu anhu) after him so that he could recite Surah Bara’ah and publicly announce its contents. Up to that point, only the first ten verses of Surah Tawbah had been revealed, in which it is stated:
﴿Bara’ah (freedom from obligation) from Allah and His Messenger to those of the polytheists with whom you made a treaty. So travel freely (O polytheists) in the land for four months, but know that you cannot escape Allah and that Allah will disgrace the disbelievers.﴾ (At-Tawbah: 1-2)
“(This is) a declaration of disassociation from Allah and His Messenger to those of the polytheists with whom you made a treaty. So (O polytheists!) travel freely in the land for four months, and know that you cannot escape Allah, and (also remember) that Allah will disgrace the disbelievers.”
➊ ... It is understood from this that entry into Paradise is not possible without faith.
➋ ... It is prohibited for a polytheist to perform Hajj. The command of the Lord is: ﴿O you who have believed, indeed the polytheists are impure, so let them not approach al-Masjid al-Haram after this, their (final) year.﴾ (At-Tawbah: 28) ... “O you who have believed! Indeed, the polytheists are impure, so let them not approach al-Masjid al-Haram after this, their (final) year.”
Is this prohibition only for al-Masjid al-Haram, or does it apply to other mosques as well? In “Tafsir Ibn Kathir,” it is mentioned that Sayyiduna Umar bin Abdul Aziz (rahimahullah), deducing from this, during his rule, issued an order prohibiting Jews and Christians from entering the mosques of the Muslims. However, the Noble Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) had tied Thumamah bin Uthal (radi Allahu anhu) to a pillar of the Prophet’s Mosque, so in this regard, the scholars say that, apart from al-Masjid al-Haram, polytheists may enter other mosques.
➌ ... It is understood from the aforementioned hadith that covering the private parts (satr) is necessary during tawaf (circumambulation); performing tawaf naked is not permissible.
➍ ... This declaration of disassociation (bara’ah) was for those polytheists with whom there was a non-fixed-term treaty, or a treaty for less than four months, or with whom there was a treaty for a specific period longer than four months, but they did not care to uphold the treaty. All of these were given permission to stay in Makkah for four months. This meant that if they accepted Islam within this period, they would be allowed to remain; otherwise, it would be necessary for them to leave the Arabian Peninsula after four months.
After the conquest of Makkah, in the 9th year of Hijrah, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) sent Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) as the leader of Hajj, and sent Sayyiduna Ali (radi Allahu anhu) after him so that he could recite Surah Bara’ah and publicly announce its contents. Up to that point, only the first ten verses of Surah Tawbah had been revealed, in which it is stated:
﴿Bara’ah (freedom from obligation) from Allah and His Messenger to those of the polytheists with whom you made a treaty. So travel freely (O polytheists) in the land for four months, but know that you cannot escape Allah and that Allah will disgrace the disbelievers.﴾ (At-Tawbah: 1-2)
“(This is) a declaration of disassociation from Allah and His Messenger to those of the polytheists with whom you made a treaty. So (O polytheists!) travel freely in the land for four months, and know that you cannot escape Allah, and (also remember) that Allah will disgrace the disbelievers.”
➊ ... It is understood from this that entry into Paradise is not possible without faith.
➋ ... It is prohibited for a polytheist to perform Hajj. The command of the Lord is: ﴿O you who have believed, indeed the polytheists are impure, so let them not approach al-Masjid al-Haram after this, their (final) year.﴾ (At-Tawbah: 28) ... “O you who have believed! Indeed, the polytheists are impure, so let them not approach al-Masjid al-Haram after this, their (final) year.”
Is this prohibition only for al-Masjid al-Haram, or does it apply to other mosques as well? In “Tafsir Ibn Kathir,” it is mentioned that Sayyiduna Umar bin Abdul Aziz (rahimahullah), deducing from this, during his rule, issued an order prohibiting Jews and Christians from entering the mosques of the Muslims. However, the Noble Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) had tied Thumamah bin Uthal (radi Allahu anhu) to a pillar of the Prophet’s Mosque, so in this regard, the scholars say that, apart from al-Masjid al-Haram, polytheists may enter other mosques.
➌ ... It is understood from the aforementioned hadith that covering the private parts (satr) is necessary during tawaf (circumambulation); performing tawaf naked is not permissible.
➍ ... This declaration of disassociation (bara’ah) was for those polytheists with whom there was a non-fixed-term treaty, or a treaty for less than four months, or with whom there was a treaty for a specific period longer than four months, but they did not care to uphold the treaty. All of these were given permission to stay in Makkah for four months. This meant that if they accepted Islam within this period, they would be allowed to remain; otherwise, it would be necessary for them to leave the Arabian Peninsula after four months.
Source: Musnad Ishaq bin Rahwayh, Page: 306
