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مسند اسحاق بن راهويه
Musnad Ishaq
كتاب الجنائزBook of Funerals
The right of the heirs of the murdered: retribution or blood money
Hadith 273
اُردوEn
اَخْبَرَنَا سُفْیَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِیْنَارٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: کَانَ فِی بَنِیْ اِسْرَائِیْلَ الْقِصَاصِ، وَلَمْ یَکُنْ فِیْهِمُ الدِّیَّةُ، فَقَالَ اللّٰهُ عَزَّوَجَلَّ لِهٰذِهِ الْاُمَّةِ: ﴿کُتِبَ عَلَیْکُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِی الْقَتْلٰی اَلْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ﴾ حَتَّی بَلَغَ: ﴿فَمَنْ عُفِیَ لَهٗ مِنْ اَخِیْعِ شَیٌٔ﴾ قَالَ: عَفُوْہٗ: قُبُوْلُهٗ الدِّیَّةِ، فَاِتَّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوْفِ، قَالَ: یَطْلُبُهٗ بِمَعْرُوْفٍ، وَیُوْصِیْ اِلَیْهِ بِاِحْسَانٍ۔ زَادَ عَنْ سُفْیَانُ، قَالَ: ﴿ذٰلِكَ تَخْفِیْفٌ مِّنْ رَبِّکُمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ﴾۔ قَالَ: اَخْذُ الدِّیَّةِ مِنَ الْعَمَدِ.
Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: There was retribution (qisas) among the Children of Israel, but there was no blood money (diyah) among them. So Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, said for this Ummah: "Prescribed for you is retribution in the case of murder: the free for the free..." until the verse reached: "But if any remission is made by his brother..." The narrator stated: His forgiving means his accepting blood money. Thus, following and demanding it in a good manner is prescribed. He said: He will demand it from him in a good manner and will enjoin kindness upon him. This addition is narrated from Sufyan: "This is a concession and mercy from your Lord." What is meant is: accepting blood money for intentional murder.
Explanation & Benefits
Hafiz Abdush Shakoor Tirmidhi
Benefits:
From the aforementioned hadith, the virtue of the Ummah of Muhammad is established, and Allah, the Possessor of Majesty, has bestowed a special favor upon this Ummah. Among the Children of Israel, it was the case that if someone killed another, the killer would be killed in retaliation for the slain. But upon the Ummah of Muhammad, Allah, the Possessor of Majesty, has bestowed this favor that the heirs of the slain have the right: if they wish, they may pardon, or accept blood money (diyah), or take retribution (qisas). As is stated in the Word of Allah, the Exalted:
﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ وَالْأُنْثَى بِالْأُنْثَى فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَأَدَاءٌ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ ذَٰلِكَ تَخْفِيفٌ مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ فَمَنِ اعْتَدَىٰ بَعْدَ ذَٰلِكَ فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ﴾ (al-Baqarah: 178)
“O you who believe! Retaliation (qisas) is prescribed for you in the case of those killed: the free for the free, the slave for the slave, and the female for the female. But if any remission is made to one by his brother, then there should be a suitable follow-up, and payment to him in a good manner. This is a concession and a mercy from your Lord. But whoever transgresses after that, for him there is a painful punishment.”
From the aforementioned hadith, the virtue of the Ummah of Muhammad is established, and Allah, the Possessor of Majesty, has bestowed a special favor upon this Ummah. Among the Children of Israel, it was the case that if someone killed another, the killer would be killed in retaliation for the slain. But upon the Ummah of Muhammad, Allah, the Possessor of Majesty, has bestowed this favor that the heirs of the slain have the right: if they wish, they may pardon, or accept blood money (diyah), or take retribution (qisas). As is stated in the Word of Allah, the Exalted:
﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ وَالْأُنْثَى بِالْأُنْثَى فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَأَدَاءٌ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ ذَٰلِكَ تَخْفِيفٌ مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ فَمَنِ اعْتَدَىٰ بَعْدَ ذَٰلِكَ فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ﴾ (al-Baqarah: 178)
“O you who believe! Retaliation (qisas) is prescribed for you in the case of those killed: the free for the free, the slave for the slave, and the female for the female. But if any remission is made to one by his brother, then there should be a suitable follow-up, and payment to him in a good manner. This is a concession and a mercy from your Lord. But whoever transgresses after that, for him there is a painful punishment.”
Source: Musnad Ishaq bin Rahwayh, Page: 273
